Patterns of thyroid disorders among patients attending an endocrine clinic in Dhaka city
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v18i3.78964Keywords:
thyroid diseases, hypothyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, thyroiditis, BangladeshAbstract
Background: Data on the presentation patterns of thyroid disorders are almost lacking in Bangladesh. We present here the data of an Endocrine Outpatient Clinic based in Dhaka city.
Methods: We reviewed data from the electronic health records of an Endocrine Outpatient Clinic in Dhaka, Bangladesh, over a two-year period. Thyroid function status was interpreted according to the reference range of the corresponding laboratory and classified according to the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11).
Results: Among 3140 patients, 1015 (32.3%) had thyroid disorders. The age of patients with thyroid disorders ranged from 1 to 84 years, with a median age of 36.0 years (interquartile range: 28.0–48.0 years), and 802 (79.0%) were female. Hypothyroidism [overt hypothyroidism, n=568 (56.0%) and subclinical hypothyroidism, n=281 (27.7%)] was the most common thyroid disorder, followed by thyrotoxicosis (106; 10.4%). Graves’ disease (n=68; 6.7%) was the most common cause of thyrotoxicosis, followed by toxic multinodular goitre (n=12; 1.2%). Structural abnormalities with euthyroid status were present in 42 (4.1%) patients. Those with overt hypothyroidism had a higher age (38.0 vs. 34.0 years; P <0.001). Diabetes and hypertension were co-existent. Participants with nodular goitre had a higher mean age (47.1 vs. 37.9 years; P =0.14 ).
Conclusion: Thyroid disorders account for one-third of patients who attended an Endocrine Outpatient Clinic, with the predominance of overt hypothyroidism, followed by subclinical hypothyroidism, and thyrotoxicosis.
Downloads
433
23 PDF
116 Review report
37
References
Thyroid disease--more research needed. Lancet. 2012;379(9821):1076. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60445-0
Taylor PN, Albrecht D, Scholz A, Gutierrez-Buey G, Lazarus JH, Dayan CM, Okosieme OE. Global epidemiology of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018;14(5):301–316. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2018.18
Zhang X, Wang X, Hu H, Qu H. Prevalence and trends of thyroid disease among adults, 1999-2018. Endocr Pract. 2023;29(11):875-880. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eprac.2023.08.006
Siddiqui NI. Magnitude of thyroid disorders: Global epidemic and Bangladesh perspective. J Assoc Clin Endocrinol Diabetol Bangladesh. 2023;2(2):35-38. Available at: https://acedbbd.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/4.-Editorial-Vol2-Issue2.pdf
Hasan MR, Siddika R, Mou SA, Morshed MS. Spectrum of thyroid disorders among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. IMC J Med Sci. 2025;19(1):008. doi: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.19.008
World Health Organization. ICD-11 for mortality and morbidity statistics. Data accessed on 01 Jan 2025. Available at: https://icd.who.int/browse/2024-01/mms/en
Chiovato L, Magri M, Carlé A. Hypothyroidism in context: Where we’ve been and where we’re going. Adv Ther. 2019;36(Suppl 2):47–58. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-019-01080-8
Hasanat MA, Rumi MA, Alam MN, Hasan KN, Salimullah M, Salam MA, Fariduddin M, Mahtab H, Khan AKA. Status of antithyroid antibodies in Bangladesh. Postgrad Med J. 2000;76:345-349. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/pmj.76.896.345
Antony J, Celine TM, Chacko M. Spectrum of thyroid disorders: A retrospective study at a medical college hospital. Thyroid Res Pract. 2014;11(2):55-59. doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-0354.129725
Frilling A, Liu C, Weber F. Benign multinodular goiter. Scand J Surg. 2004;93(4):278-281. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/145749690409300405
Hassan-Kadle MA, Adani AA, Eker HH, Keles E, Osman MM, Ahmed HM, Karaketir SG. Spectrum and prevalence of thyroid diseases at a tertiary referral hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia: A retrospective study of 976 cases. Int J Endocrinol. 2021:7154250. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7154250
Kim HY, Mohan S. Role and mechanisms of actions of thyroid hormone on the skeletal development. Bone Res. 2013;1(2):146-161. doi: https://doi.org/10.4248/BR201302004
Salazar P, Cisternas P, Martinez M, Inestrosa NC. Hypothyroidism and cognitive disorders during development and adulthood: Implications in the central nervous system. Mol Neurobiol. 2019;56(4):2952-2963. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-018-1270-y
Biondi B, Kahaly GJ, Robertson RP. Thyroid dysfunction and diabetes mellitus: Two closely associated disorders. Endocr Rev. 2019;40(3):789-824. doi: https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2018-00163
Paschou SA, Bletsa E, Stampouloglou PK, Tsigkou V, Valatsou A, Stefanaki K, Kazakou P, Spartalis M, Spartalis E, Oikonomou E, Siasos G. Thyroid disorders and cardiovascular manifestations: An update. Endocrine. 2022;75(3):672-683. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-022-02982-4
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Md Rakibul Hasan, Raisa Siddika, Sayma Akther Mou, Md Shahed Morshed, Mohammad Fakhrul Alam
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
