Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal

Detection of the recurrence of superficial urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder by combined urine cytology and cystoscopy

2019-05-22T13:02:35+00:00

The study was aimed to evaluate the accuracy of combined urine cytology and cystoscopy for the detection of the recurrence of superficial urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder without bladder biopsy. A total 60 patients [males 48, females 12; age range 41-80 years (mean age- 63.15 years)] were included. Urine cytology as well as cystoscopy were done with a targeted biopsy taken from any apparently visible growth in the bladder. The systematic biopsy was taken where there was no growth. Reports of the cytology and cystoscopy were compared with the histopathology reports. It was found that 18 patients were cytology positive (false positive 2) and 42 patients were cytology negative (false negative 10) with sensitivity 61.5% and specificity 94%. During cystoscopy 24 patients were found recurrent growth in the bladder (false positive 3) and 36 patients were negative (false negative 5) with sensitivity 80.7% and specificity 91%. But when combined urine cytology and cystoscopic findings evaluated, the sensitivity and specificity were found 100% and 91% respectively. In conclusion, combined urine cytology and cystoscopy can be used for the detection of recurrence of superficial urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder.

Effects of rehabilitation on the patients with chronic low back pain

2019-05-22T13:02:35+00:00

This study was done to observe the effects of rehabilitation on chronic low back pain on 139 patient. They were divided into two groups: a) One group (n=71) received naproxen (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, NSAID) with selective rehabilitation and b) another group (n= 68) treated with NSAID only. The patients were followed up weekly for eight weeks. The improvement was found in both groups after treatment. In patients with rehabilitation, the pre-treatment and post-treatment mean scores (Oswastry Disability Index, Visual Analogue Scale and Modified Zung Index) were 34.3 ± 9.8 and 9.9 ± 8.0 respectively (p<0.001). Treatment with NSAID only reduced the mean scores from 34.9 ± 13.5 to 16.0 ± 14.4 (p<0.001) after treatment. There was no significant difference in clinical improvement between the groups in pre-treatment compare with week one, rehabilitation group (29.7 ± 8.7) vs NSAID group (31.5 ± 13.8). While significant improvement was found in rehabilitation group in comparison to NSAID group after 8th week, rehabilitation group vs NSAID group scores were 10.0 ± 7.9 vs 15.9 ± 14.5 respectively (p= 0.004). In conclusion, rehabilitation can be used as an adjunct to NSAID for better improvement.

Effect of Momordica charantia on the removal of arsenic from different organs of arsenic-treated rat

2019-05-22T13:02:34+00:00

The present study was designed to examine the effect of Momordica charantia ethanol extract on the removal of arsenic from different organs of the arsenic-loaded rat. The rats (n=30) were divided into 5 groups: a) control, b) arsenic-treated (200 µg/L), c) extract-treated (50 mg/day), and d) arsenic plus extract-treated (50 or 200 mg/kg). The rats were sacrificed on day 61. The study revealed that there were significant accumulation of arsenic in the liver, kidneys, intestine and skin. On the other hand, there was significant decrease in glutathione level in the liver. The administration of extract significantly decreased the amount of arsenic in all the organs tested and increased the glutathione level significantly in the liver. The maximum reduction of arsenic was found in skin (100%), liver (91.2%), intestine (89.2%) and kidney (83.1%). The maximum elevation of glutathione in liver was 48.3%. In conclusion, M. charantia reduces the arsenic level from different organs of the arsenic-loaded rat.

Off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in patient of impaired renal function

2019-05-22T13:02:33+00:00

The purpose of this study was to compare the renal function in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting in off-pump and on-pump having pre-operative impaired renal function. In the on-pump, the serum creatinine and urea levels were significantly increased on post-operative day 1, 3 and 7. On day 1, it was maximum, then gradually decreased but not reached to pre-operative level. In case of off-pump, serum creatinine and urea levels were significantly increased on post-operative day 1 and 3. On day 1, it was maximum. Then decreased and the serum creatinine reached below pre-operative level on day 7. In case of on-pump, the creatinine clearance rate was significantly decreased on post-operative day 1, 3 and 7. On day 1, it was minimum. Then gradually increased but not reached the pre-operative level. In case off-pump, the creatinine clearance rate was significantly decreased on day 1 and 3. On day 1, it was minimum, then gradually increased and reached above the pre-operative level. A significant low level creatinine clearance rate was observed in on-pump group. Renal function was better preserved in patients undergoing off-pump in comparison to on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.

Glucose transporter 4 gene expression in peripheral blood leukocytes in type 2 diabetes mellitus

2019-05-22T13:02:32+00:00

The purpose of this study was to examine the status of glucose transporter type-4 (GLUT4) gene expression in the peripheral blood leukocytes of type 2 diabetic patients and explore the correlation of GLUT4 expression with homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance with a view to validate GLUT4 as a relatively less invasive alternate marker for insulin resistance. A total of 48 subjects were recruited. Among them, 23 subjects were diabetic and 25 were age, sex and body mass index-matched non-diabetic healthy control subjects. Insulin resistance, beta cell function and insulin sensitivity were assessed from the fasting blood samples. The mRNA levels of GLUT4 gene in the peripheral blood leukocytes were quantified by reverse transcriptase PCR. There was no significant alteration of GLUT4 gene status between type 2 diabetes mellitus and control. The GLUT4 gene expression showed a negative trend in the relationship with fasting glucose, HbA1c, insulin and insulin resistance in diabetic patients. In conclusion, the GLUT4 gene expression in the peripheral blood leukocytes cannot be used as a marker of insulin resistance.

Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and primary open-angle glaucoma

2019-05-22T13:02:32+00:00

The pathological processes of primary open-angle glaucoma is unknown. Several studies show the relation between Helicobacter pylori infection and primary open-angle glaucoma. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between H. pylori infection and primary open-angle glaucoma. Forty patients of diagnosed primary open-angle glaucoma were selected as case and 40 participants without primary open-angle glaucoma were selected as control as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. Complete clinical evaluation including history, physical examination, relevant ocular examinations and laboratory investigations were performed. Serologic evidence of H. pylori infection was found in 75% of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and 30% of patients without primary open-angle glaucoma which achieved statistically significant difference (p=0.000, OR=7.00 and CI 95% =2.61-18.74). ¹³C urea breath test was positive in 70% in case group and 37.5% in control group which also achieved statistically significant difference (p=0.003, OR=3.89 and CI 95% =1.53-9.87). The findings revealed significant association between H. pylori infection and primary open-angle glaucoma.

Off pump coronary artery bypass grafting in awake patient

2019-05-22T13:02:30+00:00