The Effect of Moderate Intensity Exercise on the Secretion of IL-8 and TNF-α In Saliva as an Effort to Prevent Chronic Inflammation in Smokers

Authors

  • Anis Irmawati Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
  • Manuel Raynaldi Sihombing Postgraduate Student, Magister of Dental Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
  • Noor Faizah Balqis Postgraduate Student, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
  • Yassir Ahmad Azzaim Postgraduate Student, Magister of Dental Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
  • Fitriatuz Zakia Postgraduate Student, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
  • Lastati Student of Magister of Dental Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
  • Raed Labib Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, 21 September University of Medical and Applied Sciences, Sana’a, Yemen
  • Lila Muntadir Doctoral Programme, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v25i1.86417

Keywords:

a

Abstract

Background Cigarettes which contain dangerous substances that trigger chronic inflammation is one of highest problem in Indonesia. Long-term smoking can disrupt the immune system and increase the risk of non-communicable diseases for example cancer. Moderate-intensity exercise, like swimming, is believed to positively assist to reducing inflammation and enhancing quality of life. Further researches are necessary to understand the beneficial impact of exercise in preventing chronic inflammation in smokers. Early detection through analysis of IL-8 and TNF-α secretion in saliva is a potential focus in efforts to prevent chronic inflammatory conditions. Objective This research is intended to assess the impact of moderateintensity exercise on the salivary secretion of IL-8 and TNF-α as a preventive measure against chronic inflammation in smokers. Methods Select research subjects who are healthy and given swimming training to measure maximum work capacity. Then the research subjects were divided into 4 groups, carried out a pretest before being given swimming treatment and a posttest after swimming by taking saliva samples using the gargling method for 2 minutes. Next, sample processing and measurement of IL-8 & TNF-α secretion. Then data analysis is carried out. Results There were significant differences between all group in IL-8 secretion (p=0.000 and p=0.005), also different in TNF-α secretion (p=0.160 and p=0.144). Conclusion: Moderate intensity exercise can decrease saliva secretion of IL-8 and TNF-α, so that can used to prevent chronic inflammation in smokers.

BJMS, Vol. 25 No. 01 January’26 Page : 176-183

 

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Author Biography

Anis Irmawati, Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

 

 

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Published

2026-01-26

How to Cite

Irmawati, A., Sihombing, M. R., Balqis, N. F., Azzaim, Y. A., Zakia, F., Lastati, … Muntadir, L. (2026). The Effect of Moderate Intensity Exercise on the Secretion of IL-8 and TNF-α In Saliva as an Effort to Prevent Chronic Inflammation in Smokers. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science, 25(1), 176–183. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v25i1.86417

Issue

Vol. 25 No. 1 (2026)

Section

Original Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Anis Irmawati, Manuel Raynaldi Sihombing, Noor Faizah Balqis, Yassir Ahmad Azzaim, Fitriatuz Zakia, Lastati, Raed Labib, Lila Muntadir

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