A journal sponsored by the Ibn Sina Trust. Full-text articles available. NLM ID=101563859 Indexes: SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI, A&HCI, CPCI-S, CPCI-SSH, ESCI, CCR-EXPANDED, IC Bangladesh Journal of Medical Sciences is included on DOAJ. Journal Metrics CiteScore Tracker 2024: Updated on April 05, 2025 1.5 = 886 Citations to date / 583 Documents to date Powered by Scopus ResearchGate Journal Impact (2013): 0.62 Scimago Journal Rank (2024): 0.278 WoS Report 2022-2023: Impact Factor 2022: 0.9 [The Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is a journal-level metric calculated from data indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection.]
Authors who publish in the Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science agree to the following terms that: Authors retain copyright and grant Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science the right of first publication of the work. Articles in Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License CC BY-4.0.This license permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. Authors are permitted to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as greater citation of published work.
Translational Insights into Focal Adhesion Kinase Inhibition for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer mortality globally, with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for approximately 85% of cases. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase encoded by Protein Tyrosine Kinase 2 (PTK2), integrates signals from integrins and growthfactor receptors to drive cell proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion. Aberrant FAK activation, resulting from gene amplification, overexpression, or crosstalk with receptor tyrosine kinases, contributes to tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. This review synthesizes mechanistic insights into FAK signaling and critically appraises the development of ATPcompetitive FAK inhibitors, including defactinib (VS-6063), GSK2256098 (a novel oral FAK), and VS-4718. We examine their pharmacodynamic effects, safety profiles, and preliminary efficacy when combined with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint blockade. Key challenges and opportunities for clinical translation are addressed, including biomarker development for patient selection, optimization of combination regimens to overcome adaptive resistance, and strategies to integrate FAK-targeted therapies within existing treatment paradigms. By aligning molecular and clinical perspectives with global healthcare realities, this review aims to inform research priorities and facilitate the integration of FAK-targeted therapies into the management of NSCLC worldwide—a graphical abstract illustrated in Figure 1. BJMS, Vol. 24 No. 04 October’25 Page : 1029-1049
Copyright (c) 2025 Lakshmi Thangavelu, Lakshmi Thangavelu, Moyad Shahwan, Mohit Rana, Kavita Goyal, Gaurav Gupta, Susmita Sinha, Rahnuma Ahmad, Mainul Haque http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Global Research Landscape on the Mental Health of Dental Students: A Bibliometric Analysis (2000–2025)
Dental students often face high academic workloads, clinical demands, and performance pressures, which can lead to significant psychological stress. Understanding research trends in this area can guide strategies to protect student wellbeing. This study examined the global research landscape on the mental health of dental students, focusing on the most cited studies published between 2000 and August 2025. The bibliometric analysis was conducted using the Dimensions database. The search included terms related to mental health, stress, anxiety, depression, and burnout in dental students. Out of 1403 articles obtained after applying a filter for publication type and time, the 500 most cited articles were screened manually, and 367 met the inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using Biblioshiny to identify publication trends, geographical distribution, influential journals, most cited articles, and thematic evolution. Research output increased steadily over the years, peaking in 2021, followed by a decline. Saudi Arabia, India, and the United States produced the largest share of highly cited studies. The Journal of Dental Education was the most frequent publishing journal. Thematic evolution showed a shift from early focus on attitudes and academic environment to more recent emphasis on burnout, psychological stress, and measurable health impacts such as bruxism and reduced quality of life. COVID-19–related mental health issues were a major theme between 2019 and 2020. Most highly cited studies were cross-sectional surveys, with recent years showing more review articles. The findings highlight the need for more intervention-based, longitudinal, and multicenter studies to support evidence-based mental health strategies for dental students worldwide. BJMS, Vol. 24 No. 04 October’25 Page : 1050-1061
Copyright (c) 2025 Namrata Dagli, Santosh Kumar, Mainul Haque http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Infection control in healthcare facilities of Kazakhstan: current realities, challenges, and integration of international best practices
Background Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) remain a global patient safety challenge, with prevalence rates ranging from 3.5–7% in high-income countries to over 15% in resource-limited settings. In Kazakhstan, ongoing healthcare reforms face barriers to effective infection prevention and control (IPC), particularly in maternity facilities where postpartum sepsis accounts for up to 18% of maternal deaths. Objective To assess the current state of IPC in Kazakhstan, compare it with international best practices, identify systemic gaps, and propose targeted recommendations to strengthen IPC programs. Methods A mixed-methods approach was used, combining literature review, analysis of national regulations, review of WHO, CDC, and ECDC guidelines, and comparative evaluation of IPC programs in selected countries using the WHO Infection Prevention and Control Assessment Framework (IPCAF). Results Kazakhstan demonstrates partial implementation of WHO IPC core components, with significant deficits in digital surveillance, trained IPC personnel, and antimicrobial stewardship. HAI prevalence in Kazakhstan (10–15%) exceeds rates in highincome countries (<7%). Comparative analysis shows that robust governance, continuous staff training, and integration of digital monitoring systems are key to achieving sustained HAI reduction. Conclusion Strengthening Kazakhstan’s IPC requires integrated measures, including development of a national digital HAI surveillance platform, mass training and certification of IPC specialists, adaptation of WHO guidelines to local contexts, and prioritization of infection control in maternity care to reduce postpartum sepsis-related mortality. BJMS, Vol. 24 No. 04 October’25 Page : 1062-1071
Copyright (c) 2025 Assel D Sadykova, Aiman A Mussina, Gul’noza U Aldabekova, Anara B Dauletova, Adil A Aitmukhanov, Ulzhas Y Sagalbayeva, Roza K Suleimenova, Elvira A Kokayeva, Baurzhan Zh Adjibayev, Karlygash N Tazhibayeva http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhancing Skin Health: The Role of Nutraceutical Synergies in Counteracting the Signs of Aging
Skin is the largest organ of the human body which is affected by aging. The objective of this review paper is to briefly highlights the factors responsible for skin changes in aging and the role of nutraceutical synergies in counteracting the signs of aging. Ageing is a multifaceted biological process impacting skin health through intrinsic genetic programming and extrinsic environmental factors. Intrinsic ageing, characterized by hormonal changes and fibroblast dysfunction, and extrinsic factors, such as reactive oxygen species and advanced glycation end-products, compromise skin structure and function. Modern lifestyles, including poor nutrition, environmental pollutants, and UV exposure exacerbate oxidative stress and accelerate skin ageing. Nutraceutical interventions demonstrate significant potential in mitigating these effects, including collagen peptides, hyaluronic acid, nicotinamide mononucleotide, and trace elements like zinc and copper. These bioactive compounds promote collagen synthesis, enhance hydration, and reduce oxidative stress, improving skin elasticity, hydration, and resilience. This study emphasizes the efficacy of a multi-nutraceutical approach, which synergistically addresses ageing pathways, providing a promising avenue for personalized, effective anti-ageing strategies. Future research is recommended to focus on long-term, populationdiverse studies to validate these findings and expand their applicability. BJMS, Vol. 24 No. 04 October’25 Page : 1072-1078
Copyright (c) 2025 Lim Chin Chuan, Lim Chin Choon, Hasbullani Zakaria, Elamin Mohamed Elamin Mohamed, Muhd Khairi Bin Mohd Taibi, Abdus Salam, Jamaludin Bin Zainol http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Anti-Tubercular Drug Regimens and associated Adverse Events: Systematic Review of Studies in India on Tuberculosis Treatments
Background Tuberculosis (TB) has been a serious health threat worldwide, particularly in developing nations, representing high mortality as well as morbidity. The mounting incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has added complexities to TB management, requiring intensive therapy regimens leading to Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs). ADRs influence the emergence of drug-resistant strains, by challenging treatment completion and adherence. This organised literature review consolidates observations from 12 studies, investigating ADRs in anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) and exploring how pharmacovigilance supports ADR management. Methods The analysis systematically evaluated 12 peer-reviewed studies from 2017 to 2019, focusing on articles with ADRs linked to both first-line as well as second-line TB treatment, patient outcomes with MDR-TB treatment, and pharmacovigilance’s role in ADR monitoring, across different Indian regions. Results The results emphasized excessive ADR incidence, with common ones like gastrointestinal disturbances, skin reactions, ototoxicity and hepatotoxicity, significantly hindering adherence to treatment, and causing higher incidence of incomplete therapies and patient defaulters. Various studies detailed the effectiveness of pharmacovigilance efforts in managing and identifying ADRs, promoting better patient outcomes, thereby lowering MDR-TB development risks. Conclusion ADRs continue to be a substantial obstacle for successfully treating TB, especially MDR-TB. Proactive ADR management through pharmacovigilance is essential for prompt detection of ADRs, achieving successful therapy outcomes and preventing treatment resistance. The systematic review concludes the essential role of Pharmacovigilance being integrated into TB programs, especially in high-burden and resource-limited settings, to mitigate the adverse effects of antitubercular drugs and improve overall treatment success. BJMS, Vol. 24 No. 04 October’25 Page : 1079-1092
Copyright (c) 2025 Rameez Moin Don, Saurabh Kumar Banerjee http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Global Trends in Patient-Centered Fertility Care: A Bibliometric and Contextual Review
Objective This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric review of patientcentered care (PCC) in in vitro fertilization (IVF), a domain integral to improving patient outcomes, satisfaction, and experiences in assisted reproductive technology. By analyzing global research output and trends, this study aims to identify key themes, contributors, and gaps in the literature to inform future research and practice. Methods Data were collected from Scopus and Web of Science databases, covering the period from 2003 to 2024. Bibliometric analyses, conducted using R Studio and Biblioshiny, examined publication trends, keyword frequencies, and collaborative networks among authors, institutions, and countries. A supplementary literature review contextualized bibliometric findings to address limitations in metadata. Results A total of 54 studies from 33 unique sources were analyzed, revealing an annual growth rate of 11.57% in PCC publications up to 2023. The USA and the Netherlands led in research output, contributing 22 and 16 publications, respectively. Mayo Clinic and prominent authors such as Nelen W. and Kremer J. were key contributors. Keywords like “infertility,” “in vitro fertilization,” and “patient care” demonstrated increasing prominence, underscoring growing interest in PCC. Barriers to PCC were identified at institutional, communication, environmental, and personal levels, while facilitators included multidisciplinary approaches and technological integration. Conclusion This review highlights PCC’s critical role in enhancing IVF outcomes and identifies gaps in psychological support, clinicianpatient communication, and access equity. Recommendations include targeted interventions, international collaborations, and integration of personalized care models. Future research should explore innovative strategies to overcome barriers and advance PCC frameworks in fertility care. BJMS, Vol. 24 No. 04 October’25 Page : 1093-1105
Copyright (c) 2025 Aigerim T Kushtekova, Lyudmila S Yermukhanova, Vyacheslav N Lokshin, Lyazat Zh Orakbay, Ardak N Nurbaky, Maral G Nogayeva, Gulnar M Sadykova, Alireza Afshar http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
From Painless to Prominent: A Case of A Giant Neck Lipoma
Head and neck lipomas are rare, accounting for less than 5% of all lipomas. They typically present as slow-growing, painless masses but can pose diagnostic challenges due to their proximity to vital structures. We report a case of a 48-year-old female with a gradually enlarging mass in the right lateral neck region mimicking a goitre. Imaging confirmed a well-encapsulated lipoma, and surgical excision was performed. Histopathology verified its benign nature. While prognosis is generally excellent, infiltrating lipomas carry a risk of recurrence. This case highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis and timely surgical management of head and neck lipomas. BJMS, Vol. 24 No. 04 October’25 Page : 1338-1340
Copyright (c) 2025 Santiyamadhi Subramanyan, Norsyamira Aida Mohamad Umbaik, Irfan Mohamad http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Background Melioidotic neck abscess is a rare complication of chronic infectious disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei. Recurrent cases with laboratory confirmation, which could be caused by incomplete eradication of infection or immunocompromised state of patient, have never been described in the literature. Its management is challenging, with no consensus to date of treatment regime. Case presentation We present a case of a young patient with multiple comorbidities presenting with recurrent melioidotic neck abscess, successfully treated with surgical drainage and a long-term combination of antibiotics. Conclusion There are wide range clinical manifestations of melioidosis with pneumonia is the most common presentation, while neck abscess is rarely reported. The bacteria may remain inactive for some time and re-activate when the host immune system has deteriorated. Fail to completely eradicate the disease may predispos to another episode of complication. Longer duration of treatment and follow-up should be considered, especially in immunocompromised patients, and the patients should be managed under multidisciplinary teams to minimize the risk of recurrent and catastrophic complications. BJMS, Vol. 24 No. 04 October’25 Page : 1341-1345
Copyright (c) 2025 V Sha Kri Eh Dam http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessment of Quality of Life in Acne Vulgaris Patients in Terms of Clinical Severity and Psychological Burden: A Multi Centre Study in Anand District
Background The term “acne” is derived from the Greek word “acme,” meaning “point” or “spot.” Acne vulgaris is one of the most common chronic dermatological conditions, predominantly caused by the Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium Cutibacterium acnes. It affects individuals across various age groups, with a significant impact on physical appearance, quality of life (QoL), and psychological well-being. Methodology This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted from December 2021 to March 2022, involving individuals aged 18–30 years diagnosed with acne vulgaris. Patients visiting a dermatology clinic were assessed for clinical severity, QoL impairment, and psychological burden using a validated, self-administered questionnaire. Results A total of 171 patients were enrolled in the study, with a mean age of 24.83 ± 2.92 years. The cohort comprised 45 males and 126 females, with a positive family history of acne in 82 participants. Assessment of QoL impact revealed that 101 patients experienced a moderate effect, while 66 reported a very large impact on daily life. Clinical grading of acne showed that 12 patients had mild acne, 104 had moderate acne, 54 had severe acne, and 1 patient presented with very severe acne. Psychological evaluation indicated that individuals with moderate to severe acne exhibited mild to moderate depressive symptoms. Additionally, 147 patients reported experiencing a moderate psychological burden associated with their condition. Conclusion Acne vulgaris significantly affects patients’ QoL, with the majority experiencing moderate impairment. The condition is linked to emotional distress, including feelings of embarrassment, aggression, and negative self-perception regarding facial appearance. Given its psychosocial impact, an integrated approach focusing on dermatological management and psychological support is essential for improving patient outcomes. BJMS, Vol. 24 No. 04 October’25 Page : 1106-1113
Copyright (c) 2025 Ambika Nand Jha, Parmar Yashkumar, Dharmendra Singh Rajput, Chandani Harkhani, Adil Meman, Varsha Ratan Gaikwad, Ashok Kumar Gupta http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The effect of butterfly pea flower on total cholesterol level in male wistar strain rats induced by high fat diet
Background Benefits of butterfly pea flowers have been widely studied and proven to be able to reduce total cholesterol levels in male Wistar white rats which had previously been made hypercholesterolemic. Aim Butterfly pea flowers contain active compounds in the form of flavonoids and anthocyanins, both of which act as antioxidants in reducing total cholesterol levels. This study aims to determine the effect of butterfly pea flower water extract on total cholesterol levels in male white Wistar rats induced by a high cholesterol diet. Methodology This research uses a posttest only control group design method. There were 3 groups divided randomly from 36 mice, namely the normal group (P0), the sick group (P1), the treatment group (P2). Group P0 was given standard feed and distilled water, group P1 was given a high cholesterol diet in the form of quail egg yolk, and group P2 was given a high cholesterol diet and given butterfly pea flower water extract at a dose of 600mg/kg BB. Rat blood samples were taken from the orbital sinus at the end of the study to measure total cholesterol levels using the CHODPAP method. Results: The mean total cholesterol levels for groups P0, P1, and P2 were 89.15 ± 2.44 mg/dL, 194.37 ± 3.64 mg/dL, and 108.86 ± 2.84 mg/dL, respectively. Data analysis used the One-Way Anova test followed by the Post Hoc LSD test. The results of the One-Way Anova test showed that there was a significant difference with a p value <0.05 (p=0.00). Post Hoc LSD test results showed significant differences between all groups with a p value <0.05 (p=0.00). Conclusion: The conclusion of this research is that butterfly pea flower extract has an effect on total cholesterol levels in male white Wistar rats fed a high cholesterol diet. BJMS, Vol. 24 No. 04 October’25 Page : 1114-1118
Copyright (c) 2025 Reza Adityas Trisnadi, BM Wara Kushartanti, Rachmah Laksmi Ambardini, Chodidjah, Setyo Trisnadi, Nur Ulayatilmiladiyyah, Syafinda Meisari Trisnani, Tania Octavia, Mahendra Wahyu Dewangga http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Epidemiology of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns: surgical analysis of data from kazakhstan for 2020–2024
Background Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains a major challenge in neonatology, particularly affecting premature infants and those with very low birth weight. This study analyzes trends in NEC incidence in Kazakhstan from 2020 to 2024, highlighting regional disparities and comparing them with international benchmarks. Data from perinatal centers and neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) indicate a significant increase in NEC cases, particularly in urban areas. Key recommendations include improving early diagnosis, standardizing feeding protocols, and promoting the use of breast milk to reduce NEC incidence and associated mortality rates. Objective The aim of this study was to examine surgical necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns. Materials and Methods This retrospective study analyzed data on NEC cases from neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and perinatal centers across Kazakhstan from 2020 to 2024. Cases were categorized by region and year, with additional analysis focusing on neonatal characteristics such as birth weight and gestational age. Comparative analysis with international data was conducted to contextualize findings and identify potential areas for improvement in neonatal care practices. Results The analysis revealed a significant increase in NEC incidence in Kazakhstan, particularly in urban regions such as Almaty and Almaty Region. The number of cases peaked in 2023, with a 1.7-fold increase compared to 2020. Regional disparities were evident, with higher incidence rates in areas with better healthcare infrastructure. In less developed regions, such as Akmola and Turkestan, the growth was less pronounced but still present. Conclusion This study underscores the rising trend of NEC in Kazakhstan and the associated regional disparities. Adopting evidence-based preventive measures, enhancing healthcare infrastructure, and standardizing neonatal care protocols are essential for reducing NEC incidence and improving outcomes for this vulnerable population. BJMS, Vol. 24 No. 04 October’25 Page : 1119-1123
Copyright (c) 2025 Khuzhakhmedova Rimma, Kemelbekov Kanatzhan, Erekeshov Asylzhan, Anartaуeva Mariya, Tanabayev Baimakhan, Seitkhanova Bibigul, Shapambayev Nasriddin, Japarov Akhmadkul, Yernazarov Adilet http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Prevalence and Associated Factors Surgical Site Infections Among Adult Patients Admitted in Hargeisa Group Hospital
Aim Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a common and significant complication following surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of SSIs, investigate associated risk factors and comorbidities, and assess the impact of antibiotics on their occurrence among patients treated at Hargeisa Group Hospital. Methods Conducted as a cross-sectional study at Hargeisa Group Hospital, Somaliland, 113 patients were selected randomly from 314 surgical cases between May 1 and July 31, 2022. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results Among the 97 patients included, 50 were female (51.5%) and 47 were male (48.5%). The prevalence of SSIs was 27% (26 patients). Among these, 65% (17 patients) had superficial infections, 23% (6 patients) had deep infections, and 3 patients experienced organ space infections. The study identified a significant relationship between health status and SSIs, with ASA II patients showing a prevalence of 23.1% compared to 50% in ASA I patients. Diabetes was the most frequent comorbidity, observed in 6 (23.1%) SSI patients compared to 10 (14.1%) non-SSI patients. Antibiotic prophylaxis was provided to 18 (69.2%) of SSI patients, while 21 (29.6%) of non-SSI patients did not receive antibiotics, with a statistically significant p-value of 0.001. Conclusions SSIs remain a prevalent issue globally. This study identified a 27% prevalence rate, with diabetes as the most common comorbidity in affected patients. BJMS, Vol. 24 No. 04 October’25 Page : 1124-1130
Copyright (c) 2025 Adnan Sayid Abdo, Sadik Mohamed Ibrahim, Muhammet Ali Aydemir, Ahmet Aydin Taşgin, Mehmet Sait Ozsoy, Recep Ercin Sonmez, Jonah Kiruja, Orhan Alimoglu http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comparison the effects of two different dose of intrathecal morphine adjunct to ultra-low dose of naloxone on pain intensity after cesarean section: A double-blind randomized clinical trial
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of two different dose of intrathecal morphine adjunct to ultra-low dose of naloxone on pain intensity after cesarean section. Methods In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, 78 women over 18 years of age who referred to the Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari for elective cesarean section were allocated randomly to receive either intrathecal morphine with doses of 100 μg or 200 μg, adjunct to ultra-low dose of naloxone (20 ng). Patients’ pain intensity were assessed using the VAS at 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours postoperatively. Also, the occurrence of adverse effects (pruritus, nausea, vomiting and ileus) in two groups were evaluated during the study period. Results The findings of this study indicated a significant difference in pain intensity between the two groups throughout the study period (p<0.05). Ileus was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.48). However, using morphine at a dose of 200 μg with naloxone was associated with significantly lower rate of nausea and pruritus (P<0.001). Conclusion In the present study, patients receiving morphine at a dose of 200 μg with naloxone (20 ng) experienced significantly less pain intensity than the group receiving morphine at a dose of 100 μg with naloxone. In addition, the rate of nausea and pruritus in the group receiving morphine at a dose of 200 μg with naloxone was significantly lower than the other group. BJMS, Vol. 24 No. 04 October’25 Page : 1131-1137
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammad Reza Habibi, Zohreh Ghahari, Ali Habibi, Afshin Gholipour Baradari, Saloumeh Peivandi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Prevalence of Clinically Significant Red Cell Alloantibodies in Pregnant Women
Background Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn (HDFN) is the leading cause of anemia in fetuses and neonates, primarily due to maternal red blood cell alloantibodies that cross the placenta and attack fetal RBC with paternal antigens. The prevalence of these alloantibodies among pregnant women varies by country. This study aims to assess the local prevalence of clinically significant alloantibodies in pregnant women. Methods This retrospective study was conducted on total 6135 pretransfusion testing of pregnant women obtained from the hospital Laboratory Information System between 2020 and 2021 at the Blood Bank Unit of Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, University Kebangsaan Malaysia. Patients’ age, parity, transfusion history, sensitizing events and antibody screening results were collected. A descriptive analysis was conducted on the prevalence, frequency, specificity of clinically significant antibodies, and associated risk factors. Association of age and clinically significant alloantibodies were assessed using the chi-square test (p < 0.05). Results The prevalence of clinically significant alloantibodies was 0.8%. Anti-Mia was the most common alloantibody, followed by anti-E and anti-M. No significant association was detected between maternal age and clinically significant alloantibodies. Six primigravida patients had clinically significant alloantibodies—anti-M, anti-Mia, and anti-E—without any sensitizing events, suggesting they may be naturally occurring. All pregnant women should ideally receive red cell antibody screening during routine antenatal check-ups to address the risk of HDFN. However, in resource-limited settings with low prevalence of significant alloantibodies and HDFN, this may not be cost-effective. Targeted screening for high-risk populations could be a better alternative. BJMS, Vol. 24 No. 04 October’25 Page : 1138-1145
Copyright (c) 2025 Zahabiya M Hussain, Rabeya Yousuf, Nur Afifah Suhemi, Suria Abdul Aziz http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Combined effect of Metformin and Pitavastatin on blood glucose in Alloxan induced diabetic rats
Background Comparing to general population, the diabetic population is at higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, along with glycemic control in diabetic patient control of other risk factors for cardiovascular problem is also important. metformin is widely used oral hypoglycemic agent and pitavastatin as an antilipidemic agent. Combination of antidiabetic and hypolipidemic drug has been suggested as a rich source for treatment. Objective The current study focused on the efficacy of Metformin, Pitavastatin and their combinations. Materials and methods 48 healthy male Wister strains of albino rats weighting to 180- 220gm aged between 10-12wks were selected for the study. The experimental condition was all set in a very. Alloxan was prepared accordingly. The metformin and pitavastatin solution were prepared every 48hrs to maintain its activity. Data were analyzed using ANOVA in each variable. Result Blood glucose level in all six groups after two weeks treatment on day 15, the mean value and its Standard Deviation of fasting blood glucose level in Metformin treated group was (9.37±0.92 mmol/L) which is significant. Whereas the mean ± SD of fasting blood glucose level in Pitavastatin treated group was (13.81 ±1.31mmol/L) not significant. When given in combination Metformin and Pitavastatin these mean ± SD of fasting blood glucose levels mean were (6.93 ±0.84mmol/L) and (5.21±0.93) in Metformin 100 mg and Pitavastatin 2mg treated group and Metformin 200 mg and Pitavastatin 4 mg respectively, which were even reduced more and show highly significant than the Metformin treated group rats. Conclusion Combination of Metformin and Pitavastatin is able to improve glucose level more than that in single drug therapy BJMS, Vol. 24 No. 04 October’25 Page : 1146-1152
Copyright (c) 2025 Sarwat Jahan, Zinnat Ara Begum, Syeda Fahmida Afrin, Sultana Marufa Shefin, Siddika Khatun, Qazi Alifa Jahan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Isolation, Identification and Phenotypic Analysis of the Oral Bacterial Species from Supragingival Dental Plaque and Their Association with Different Factors
Objective The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize oral aerobic, facultative anaerobic, and microaerophilic bacterial species from supragingival plaque and to evaluate the association of different demographic, phenotypic, and biochemical characteristics with the identified organisms. Material and Methods This prospective cross-sectional study enrolled 101 bacterial isolates sampled from the supragingival plaque, using sterile swab. Oral bacterial species were identified through biochemical and phenotypic analysis using standardized methods. The inclusion criteria were participants of Karachi, residents of both genders, being at least eighteen years old, having a Loe and Silness plaque index. Participants with severe systemic illnesses, such as immunodeficiency disorders, on chemotherapeutic drugs, antibiotic therapy twelve weeks before sampling persistent systemic infections, or known communicable diseases, were excluded. All details were recorded on proforma and data was analyzed by using SPSS version 22.0. p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results and Discussion Multiple bacterial Species were identified, with Gram-positive species predominating. Statistically significant variables included gender, age, occupation, hemolysis on blood agar, bile esculin hydrolysis, catalase, oxidase, ONPG, CIT, MALO, ODC, UREA, VP, GEL, nitrate, sucrose, mannitol, melibiose, and raffinose. It was found that considerable variation in the oral bacterial species exists influenced by multiple factors. Conclusion It has been concluded that multiple and variable Gram-positive and negative bacterial species have been isolated from supragingival dental plaque of local isolates. The demographic, phenotypic, and biochemical characteristics demonstrated statistically significant associations with the identified organisms. BJMS, Vol. 24 No. 04 October’25 Page : 1153-1166
Copyright (c) 2025 Mehwash Kashif, Mahmooda Kazmi, Farzeen Tanwir, Shazia Akbar, Fatima Mujtaba, Somia Gul http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Visual Perception in Pregnant Women: C1 Event-Related Component Analysis
Background There is insufficient evidence regarding visual perception during pregnancy. Visual perception can be reflected by the C1 event-related potential (ERP) component. This study investigated visual perception in pregnant women by analyzing the C1 ERP component using visual oddball stimuli. Method Thirty-six participants were recruited and divided into a control group (n = 18) and a pregnant group (n = 18; 13-40 weeks of pregnancy). An ERP study used a 128-sensor net with a visual oddball task. In the oddball task, participants were asked to push either button ‘1’ if they saw ‘O’ or button ‘2’ if they saw ‘X’, as quickly and accurately as possible. The mean value of differences in standard and target stimuli was measured. Amplitudes and latencies of the C1 ERP component were analyzed in the parieto-occipital (P3, P4, O1, O2) and midline (Fz, Cz, Pz) areas using seven different electrodes. Results No significant differences in the amplitudes and latencies of the C1 ERP component were observed in the pregnant group compared to the controls. Conclusion The visual oddball-stimulated visual perception was intact in pregnant women, indicating that pregnancyrelated hormones do not negatively impact visual perception during pregnancy. BJMS, Vol. 24 No. 04 October’25 Page : 1167-1171
Copyright (c) 2025 Tahamina Begum, Mohammed Faruque Reza http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Postpartum Hemorrhage in a High Birth Rate Region: Epidemiological Analysis and Evaluation of Clinical Practice
Aim Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a frequent complication in obstetric practice and a leading cause of maternal mortality, especially in high-birth-rate countries. Many women who survive such hemorrhages lose their reproductive potential due to radical surgeries such as hysterectomy. Objective To assess the prevalence, causes, treatment methods, and outcomes of massive postpartum hemorrhage in a high-birth-rate region. Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis of 287 cases of postpartum hemorrhage over a 5-year period (from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2022) was conducted. All PPH cases were divided into two groups and compared by perinatal and obstetric risk factors in the Turkestan region of Kazakhstan. The frequency and prevalence of PPH, predisposing risk factors, perinatal complications, and extragenital diseases were assessed. Methods of managing postpartum hemorrhage were evaluated. Results The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage was 6 per 1,000 births, and the rate of massive transfusions was 13 per 10,000 births in the high-birth-rate region of Turkestan. The main causes were uterine atony (71.8%) and placental pathology (20.2%). Oxytocin was administered in 95.5% of cases, misoprostol in 37.9%, and tranexamic acid in 32.4%. The B-Lynch suture was the most common surgical method (32.8%), mostly in cases of uterine atony. Hysterectomy was performed in only 4.9% of cases, and in 71.4% of them the cause was uterine atony (rarely placental pathology or abruption). Conclusions Among 287 women with PPH, 62 (21.6%) had adverse maternal outcomes; of these, 14 (22.6%) underwent hysterectomy. In 88.7% of adverse outcomes, two or more predisposing factors were present. The use of organ-preserving procedures such as B-Lynch sutures, O’Leary uterine artery ligation, and temporary compression sutures reduced the hysterectomy rate by fourfold. BJMS, Vol. 24 No. 04 October’25 Page : 1172-1180
Copyright (c) 2025 Damira E Ibrayeva, Almagul’ M Kurmanova, Raushan G Nurkhasimova, Ardak K Ayazbekov, Dinara D Mirzakhmetova, Saltanat N Kulbayeva, Nursultan N Nazarbayev, Alfiya Y Dzheksembekova, Karlygash N Tazhibayeva, Assel D Sadykova http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effectiveness of disease management program for hypertension: expert evaluation
Background Hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature mortality worldwide. Effective management of this condition requires the integration of structured interventions, such as disease management programs, which have proven clinically significant in increasing treatment adherence and improving patient outcomes. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a disease management program in achieving target blood pressure in primary care. Materials and methods A retrospective random sampling method was used to include 200 medical cards (form 025/u) of patients with arterial hypertension registered for dispensary care in 4 city polyclinics of Astana, Kazakhstan, for 2023-2024. Patients were divided into two groups depending on whether they achieved the target BP level (<140/90 mmHg). Clinical and laboratory parameters, including age, lipid profile, glucose level, and systolic/diastolic BP, were analyzed. The completeness of the disease management program implementation was also assessed using a criterion scale. Results Of the total number of patients, 170 (85%) successfully achieved the target blood pressure level, and 30 (15%) did not. Individuals with uncontrolled arterial hypertension were characterized by a significantly higher mean age (71.17 ± 10.87 vs. 66.08 ± 10.14 years; p < 0.05) and elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (4.86 ± 1.75 vs. 3.53 ± 1.32 mmol/L; p < 0.05). Mean systolic and diastolic BP were also significantly higher in this group (142.83 ± 12.98/87.00 ± 5.63 mmHg vs 133.34 ± 12.41/82.43 ± 6.80 mmHg; p < 0.05). Full compliance with the Disease Management Program was associated with good clinical outcomes, with the group that achieved target blood pressure levels and fully complied with the program scoring significantly higher on the program implementation scores (8.2 ± 0.7 vs 5.6 ± 1.1; p < 0.001). Conclusion Full implementation of the disease management program significantly improves lipid profile and BP control in the primary care. The study also demonstrated the importance of regular follow-up, patient monitoring, and lifestyle interventions as key components of effective hypertension management. BJMS, Vol. 24 No. 04 October’25 Page : 1181-1188
Copyright (c) 2025 Akbayan M Markabayeva, Aiman S Kerimkulova, Ayagyoz T Umbetzhanova, Riza G Nurpeissova, Dinara K Zhunussova, Aysha Zh Darybayeva, Saule Zh Kubekova, Zhadyra E Muslimkhanova, Ainur Donayeva, Kuralay K Sharipova, Ainur S Ospanova http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Chemotherapy-Induced ECG Changes in HCC Patients
According to Globocan, in 2022, the highest incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was observed in Asia, which accounted for 75% of the global burden of liver cancer 1. In the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2022, the incidence of liver cancer was 5.1 per 100,000 population, with a mortality rate of 2.9, respectively. For the period 2014-2022, HCC had the lowest five-year survival rate among all malignant neoplasms in Kazakhstan2,3. The treatment of HCC across various stages involves a range of clinical strategies4. Sorafenib is currently the primary drug in the treatment of HCC 4,5 and doxorubicin is used in transarterial hepatic artery chemoembolization (TACE)8. However, their use results in cardiotoxicity leading to cancer therapeutics-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD)9. CRTCD manifests as cardiovascular disease symptoms in patients with HCC, reflecting irreversible structural changes in the myocardium10. BJMS, Vol. 24 No. 04 October’25 Page : 1189-1196
Copyright (c) 2025 Saule Kubekova, Yelena Rib, Natalya Zagorulya, Niyaz Malayev, Damir Biktashev, Gaukhar Kuanyshbayeva, Saltabayeva Ulbolssyn, Akbayan Markabayeva, Dinara Bayanova, Ainur Donayeva http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Psychometric Evaluation of the Persian Version of Family Collaboration Scale: Collaboration between Relatives of Older Patients and Nurses
Background Family-nurse collaboration is critical when caring for hospitalized elderly patients. In order to assess this collaboration in clinical settings, a scale based on the culture of the local country is required. This study aimed to investigate the Psychometric Evaluation of Persian version of Family Collaboration Scale (FCS). Material and Methods This methodological study measured the FCS in hospitals affiliated with Golestan University of Medical Sciences in 2022. After permission was obtained from the developer, the FCS was translated from English into Persian and back-translated into English based on the World Health Organization’s model. The translated version was then examined for its psychometric properties, including initial reliability, face validity, content validity, construct validity, convergent validity, and overall reliability. Ultimately, the reliability of the Persian version was assessed using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Cronbach’s alpha, and McDonald’s Omega coefficient. The obtained data were analyzed statistically in SPSS- 16 and AMOS-24. Results The initial reliability of the whole scale and its subscales was confirmed with values greater than 0.7. Regarding qualitative face validity, some items of the scale were modified based on the comments of the target groups. The calculation of the item factor, CVR, and CVI led to the confirmation of 42 items, the elimination of 5 items, and the confirmation of the remaining items, respectively. In addition, 6 items were eliminated following exploratory factor analysis. Finally, there remained a total of 31 items on the scale. The next step was built on a confirmatory factor analysis approach and fit indices, demonstrating that the FCS could be used in the Iranian population. In addition, CR>0.7, AVE>0.5, and CR>AVE confirmed the convergent validity of this scale. Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald Omega coefficient (Ω), and ICC (test-retest) for this scale were obtained as 0.87, > 0.80, and 0.82, respectively. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between the two stages of the test (p<0.001). As a result, the reliability of the Persian version of the FCS was confirmed. Conclusion The translation and psychometric evaluation of the FCS suggested that it is a valid and reliable scale that can be used in Iran to evaluate how well families of elderly patients and nurses collaborate in clinical settings. BJMS, Vol. 24 No. 04 October’25 Page : 1197-1207
Copyright (c) 2025 Nafiseh Asgari, Nasrin Nikpeyma, Atefeh Haghparast, Leila Teymouri Yeganeh, Shohreh Kolagari http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Foodborne Outbreaks in Kenitra Province (Morocco) in 2025: Trends, Risk Factors, and Implications for Food Safety
Background This retrospective and descriptive study aims to analyze cases of foodborne outbreaks that occurred in Kenitra province during 2025, based on information collected from the Emergency Department of Zamouri Hospital, Kenitra. In addition, a joint investigation was carried out by a multidisciplinary team from the Delegation of Health and Social Protection (including the Provincial Epidemiology Unit and the Provincial Environmental Hygiene Unit). Aim The objectives of the investigation were as follows: Confirm the existence of a foodborne outbreak (FBO); Describe the episode (timeframe, location, number of cases, severity…); Identify the source(s) of contamination and Implement appropriate management measures to control the epidemic episode and prevent further cases. Method This study seeks to identify trends and risk factors associated with these outbreaks. Data were collected from the affected patients, with particular attention paid to sex, age, and place of occurrence, while classifying cases by season to detect possible variations. In total, 71 cases of foodborne intoxications were recorded, with a strong concentration during the summer (71 cases), while winter and spring reported only 7 and 6 cases respectively. Results No cases were recorded in the autumn. Results show that men experienced a higher incidence of foodborne intoxications than women. Moreover, minors had an average of 3.692 cases, higher than adults, who averaged 2.769. It is also noteworthy that 69.231% of cases occurred at home, representing 9 out of 13 total cases. These results highlight an increased incidence of foodborne intoxications in summer, mainly at home. The analysis also reveals gender and age differences, showing that minors are more affected than adults. Conclusion These findings call for strengthened household food safety and awareness campaigns targeting vulnerable populations. BJMS, Vol. 24 No. 04 October’25 Page : 1208-1214
Copyright (c) 2025 Asmaa Elkhal, Nabila Auajjar, Benaissa Attarassi, Badreddine Dahou, Fadia Bejja http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Diagnostic approaches to identifying cardiotoxicity in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing antineoplastic therapy
According to Global Cancer Statistics (GLOBOCAN 2022), Africa, Europe, and Asia account for up to 90% of all cases of primary liver cancer, with 70.1% of cases occurring on the Asian continent. In the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2023, the incidence of liver cancer was 5.6 per 100,000 population, and the mortality rate was 2.7. Between 2014 and 2023, liver cancer had the lowest five-year survival rate among all malignant neoplasms in Kazakhstan1. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the liver, accounting for up to 85% of all forms of primary cancer2. HCC therapy varies depending on the stage of the disease and includes a variety of clinical strategies: from targeted and immunotherapy to liver transplantation3. Sorafenib remains the main drug for the treatment of HCC4,5, while doxorubicin is used in transarterial chemoembolization of the hepatic artery (TACE)6. However, the use of modern methods of HCC treatment is accompanied by the risk of developing cardiotoxicity 7, leading to cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) 8. However, the use of modern methods of treating GCC is accompanied by the risk of developing cardiotoxicity 7, leading to cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) 8. CTRCD is accompanied by the development of reversible or irreversible, functional or structural changes in the myocardium and manifests itself with symptoms of cardiovascular disease 8,9. Complications that develop during chemotherapy negatively affect both the quality of life and overall survival of patients, regardless of the prognosis associated with the underlying disease 10. Confirmation of cardiotoxicity requires a comprehensive diagnostic approach, including clinical evaluation, electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography (TTE), and cardiac biomarkers (high-sensitivity troponin (hs-cTn), brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP)) 11,12. Among these, TTE (namely global longitudinal strain (GLS) and NTproBNP levels) are the most sensitive tools for diagnosing early preclinical LV dysfunction and monitoring the dynamics of cardiotoxicity13. And considering clinical practicality, sensitivity, and specificity, GLS, hs-cTn, and NT-proBNP are the most preferred diagnostic methods14. Unfortunately, not all laboratories in Kazakhstan are capable of measuring hs-cTn and NT-proBNP levels, and not all cancer centers are equipped with the necessary equipment to detect early markers of myocardial dysfunction, such as GLS. Nevertheless, in recent years there has been a steady trend towards wider implementation of these methods in oncology practice due to their high diagnostic value and improved technical accessibility. Currently, there is extensive data on increased levels of cardiac biomarkers in patients receiving sorafenib and doxorubicin 15-17. In our study, we analyzed changes in laboratory parameters of hs-cTn I and NT-proBNP in patients with HCC receiving targeted therapy and targeted therapy in combination with TACE. The analysis was performed before treatment and 6 months after the start of therapy, both within groups and between groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS The result of the article is a subanalysis in a prospective study performed under grant from the Ministry of Science and High Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Individual Registration Number AP19176025). The study was carried out from October 2024 to September 2025. The research was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the of nJSC «Astana Medical University» (No. 21 from 09/2023). All participants provided written informed consent prior to enrollment in the study. A total of 69 patients with HCC were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups based on the treatment protocol. The first group consisted of 29 patients who received daily targeted therapy with sorafenib at a dose of 800 mg per day. The second group included 40 patients who, in addition to receiving sorafenib at the same dose, underwent TACE with doxorubicin at a dose of 50 mg. Exclusion criteria included patients under 18 years of age, those with metastatic liver cancer, other types of malignancies, cardiovascular diseases, any intraventricular conduction abnormalities, heart rhythm disturbances, ejection fraction less than 50% and a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) less than 30 mL/min. All patients underwent laboratory testing (validated equipment from Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) of cardiac biomarkers (hs-cTn I и NTproBNP) before the initiation of therapy (4 ± 1 days) and 6 months after the start of treatment. To assess the probability of developing chronic heart failure, a logistic regression model was constructed, where the predictors were indicators of left ventricular systolic function, and the dependent variable was the occurrence of CHF 6 months after the start of target therapy. Equation (a) was constructed to reflect the dependence of the probability of CHF on GLS indicators. The equation was as follows: Р = (а) where P is the theoretical probability of developing CHF 6 months after the start of therapy, z = (FAC in % x 0.938) + (GLS in % x 0.478) + 410.467. The cut-off value in the model was set at 0.2. If, after calculations, P was less than 0.2, the risk of developing CHF was considered to be higher. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26 (IBM, USA). For variables with a non-normal distribution, non-parametric methods were applied: the Mann–Whitney U test (for intergroup comparisons) and the Wilcoxon test (for intragroup comparisons). For variables with a normal distribution, Student’s t-test was used. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Data are presented as means with standard deviations, and binary variables are presented as frequencies in absolute values and percentages. Ethical approval The study was approved by the Astana Medical University ethics committee RESULTS Table 1 presents the general characteristics of patients receiving both targeted therapy and targeted therapy combined with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). The total number of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma included in the study was 69. Women prevailed in the targeted therapy group, accounting for 19 people (66%), and in the targeted therapy combined with TACE group, accounting for 23 women (57%). The average age of patients was 57±8.1 and 59±7.7, respectively. Body mass index, hemoglobin, leukocyte, and platelet levels were within normal limits, with no differences between the two groups. Both groups were at stage C2 of GFR (glomerular filtration rate). BJMS, Vol. 24 No. 04 October’25 Page : 1215-1221
Copyright (c) 2025 Saule Kubekova, Natalya Zagorulya, Niyaz Malayev, Oksana Zagorulya, Donayeva Àinur http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Lower temperature (27°C) Decreased Total Motile Sperm Count but not DNA Fragmentation Index in Sperm Preparation with Swim-Up Method in Male Infertility
Background Temperature has a complex impact and is likely to influence the early stages of spermatogenesis. This study aimed to determine the effect of differential temperature in sperm preparation using the swim-up method on total motile sperm count (TMSC) and DNA fragmentation index (DFI) of male infertility. Methods This experimental study recruited 37 infertile male patients who attended the Sekar Fertility Clinic, Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, in November 2020, and we added more participants in December 2022. Before collecting semen samples, all infertile males signed informed consent. The collected sample is divided into 1 ml for sperm preparation in groups A (27°C) and B (37°C). The Wilcoxon test analyzed the data; p <0.05 was considered significant. Results The mean TMSC result in Group A was 17.00 ± 13.06 x106 versus the mean TMSC in Group B at 21.19 ± 17.20 x106; p=0.004, indicating a lower TMSC in Group A. The mean DFI result in group A was 13.74 ± 10.54% versus group B at 13.35 ± 11.78%; p=0.261, also lower in group A. Conclusion Sperm preparation using the swim-up at 27°C significantly lowers TMSC in infertile males compared to 37°C, but the difference in DFI is not significant compared to 37°C. BJMS, Vol. 24 No. 04 October’25 Page : 1222-1227
Copyright (c) 2025 Abida Zuhra Jatiningtyas, Dono Indarto, Isna Qadrijati, Yulia Sari, Lunardhi Susanto, Mulyoto Pangestu http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Instrument Development and Validation of an Attitude Scale for Breastfeeding in Pregnancy and Tandem Nursing
Introduction Globally, breastfeeding duration often falls short of recommendations, partly due to women becoming pregnant while still nursing. Although breastfeeding during pregnancy and tandem breastfeeding are supported, these practices lack widespread acceptance. Assessing women’s attitudes towards these practices is essential for promoting sustained breastfeeding, yet no standardized tool currently exists for this purpose. Objective This study aimed to develop a scale to evaluate women’s attitudes toward breastfeeding during pregnancy and tandem breastfeeding. Method An initial item pool was developed and refined using the Davis Technique. The scale was tested through two pilot studies (each with 100 participants), followed by a main study with 318 participants. The scale’s psychometric properties were assessed through validity and reliability analyses. Results and Conclusion The final scale is a five-point Likert-type instrument, explaining 50.01% of the total variance across two factors (breastfeeding during pregnancy and tandem breastfeeding) with 13 items. It demonstrated strong internal consistency with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.87. BJMS, Vol. 24 No. 04 October’25 Page : 1228-1236
Copyright (c) 2025 Fatma Koruk, Zeliha Turan, Burcu Beyazgül, Feyyaz Barlas, Hatice Nur Özgen, İbrahim Koruk http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of physical and functional abilities of students of the special medical group
The aim of the study Is to improve the level of development of functional abilities and physical qualities of students with health limitations. Methods The pedagogical experiment was conducted in 2023 at Moscow University in Russia. The study involved 128 students aged 18-19 who have health limitations. Adaptive physical education classes were held twice a week for 90 minutes. 64 students from the control group studied according to the adaptive physical education program at a higher educational institution. 64 students from the experimental group studied according to the developed experimental program aimed at improving functions of the respiratory system and developing physical qualities. Results After the end of the educational experiment, the indicators in the control group improved in the Stange Test by 2.6% (p>0.05), the Genchi Test remained at the same level of 35±1 sec. The long jump increased by 0.5% (p>0.05), and the arm muscle strength improved by 4.5% (p>0.05). The indicators of the flexibility test decreased by 7.7% (p>0.05), and abdominal muscle strength decreased by 5% (p>0.05). These results show the low efficiency of the standard adaptive physical education program at university. In the experimental group, the average indicators in the Stange Test became higher by 5% (p>0.05), and in the Genchi Test by 12.5% (p<0.05). The standing long jump improved by an average of only 1 cm (p>0.05), but the abdominal muscle strength increased by 21.6% (p<0.05). The arm muscle strength increased by 8% (p>0.05), and flexibility improved by 33.3% (p<0.05). These results indicate the effectiveness of the experimental program. Conclusion The use of the experimental program for the development of physical qualities and functional abilities of students engaged in adaptive physical education at university will significantly improve flexibility, abdominal muscle strength and breath holding on exhalation. Strength of muscles of arms and legs and breath holding on inhalation will also improve. BJMS, Vol. 24 No. 04 October’25 Page : 1237-1245
Copyright (c) 2025 Georgiy Polevoy http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Nursing and medical care of child and adults with cardiopulmonary, glands and metabolism problem: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Background and Rationale Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. The goal of current study was to evaluate nursing and medical care of child and adults with cardiovascular disease. Methods 48 articles published until 2024 were reviewed with keywords including “Cardiopulmonary»,»Nursing»,» Medical Staff»,»Reconstructive Surgery» in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Elsevier and Wiley. Results and Conclusion The results showed mean differences of cardiovascular risk score before and after nusing intervention declined 2.35 points (MD: -2.35 95% CI; -2.49, -2.20; p<0.01). Changes in the patient’s lifestyle can include smoking cessation, healthy diet, regular physical activity, weight control, blood pressure control, cholesterol and blood sugar control. BJMS, Vol. 24 No. 04 October’25 Page : 1246-1253
Copyright (c) 2025 Maryam Adibzadeh Fard, Somayyeh Ghorbani Sani, Forugh Charmduzi, Azra Karimkoshteh, Parham Hashemi, Hoseinali Danesh http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Topographic evaluation of infraorbital foramen and its reference to facial bony landmarks –A secured aid for infraorbital nerve block
Objective Detailed knowledge regarding the precise location of infraorbital foramen is necessary to avoid iatrogenic nerve injury during surgery. This study was designed to study the various morphometric measurements of the infraorbital foramen. Materials and methods Infraorbital foramina from fifty dry adult skulls were observed for variations in shape, number, and location to facial bony landmarks and maxillary teeth measured. Results The most common shape of the IOF on the right side was oval (40%), and on the left side of the skull, it was circular (44%). The horizontal diameters of the IOF were higher on left side (3.04±0.75mm in males, 3.26+0.91mm in females) than that of on right side (2.70+0.94mm in males and 2.70+1.15mm) which confirmed to be statistically significant difference. Conclusion There were no significant changes in other dimensions of IOF between male and female skulls and between the right and left sides. However, the distance from IOF to the zygomatico-maxillary suture and to the occlusal plane was noticeably higher in males when compared to females. BJMS, Vol. 24 No. 04 October’25 Page : 1254-1259
Copyright (c) 2025 Ravi Bhaskar, Naveen Kumar, Anjana Shidaraddi, Abdalla Ahmed Eldaw Elamin, Vijay Paul Samuel, Ashwini Aithal P http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effects of Exercise Interventions for Type 2 Diabetes patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Objective To evaluate the effects of exercise interventions on HbA1C, fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profiles, blood pressure, anthropometric components, insulin, Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and inflammatory markers among type 2 diabetes patients. Methods We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized control trials (RCTs). Seven electronic databases, namely CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Ovid-Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception to September 12, 2022 to identify RCTs assessing the effects of exercise for type 2 diabetes. Hedges’ g and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated as the pooled estimates using a random-effects model, and a two-sided P of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Moderator analyses were used to test the effect of potential moderators on trial effectiveness. Results In total, 126 RCTs involving 7155 people with type 2 diabetes were included. Exercise interventions significantly reduced the primary outcomes, HbA1C and FBG, with a Hedges’ g of -0.67 and -0.76 respectively. Significant effects on the secondary outcomes that included lipid profiles, blood pressure, anthropometric components, insulin, HOMA-IR, and inflammatory markers with Hedges’ g values ranging from -0.26 to -0.78. Moderator analyses revealed that the effect size for FBG significantly different among the four intervention types, and there was a significant association between FBG’s effect size and the percentage of men. Conclusions The results from this meta-analysis demonstrated the importance of exercise interventions on type 2 diabetes-related outcomes. BJMS, Vol. 24 No. 04 October’25 Page : 1260-1303
Copyright (c) 2025 Tran Quang Huy, Nguyen Minh Nguyet, Pham Van Truong http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Current Tools for Investigating Breast Cancer Screening Hesitancy: A Systematic Scoping Review
Background Breast cancer screening is essential for early detection and reducing mortality; however, hesitancy towards screening persists globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). To further understand the psychological, cultural, and structural barriers we need to utilize the validated tools to measure screening hesitancy as the first step in improving participation rates in the future. Method This systematic scoping review uses the Arksey and O’Malley framework together with the PRISMA extension, to filter studies based on relevancy regarding breast cancer screening and analytical quality. Studies are pulled from academic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar that include frameworks such as the Health Belief Model (HBM) and Knowledge Attitude Practice (KAP) that focus on psychological and behavioral factors. The studies are pulled from the past decade. Results This review identified numerous frameworks used around the globe for determining screening hesitancy. However, among the most developed countries, HBM and KAP were the most widely used frameworks. These tools have good measurements of psychometric factors, but their lack of cultural adaptation limits their application in more diverse environments, especially in LMICs. Conclusion The findings highlight there need to have a more culturally adaptive, and a high psychometric standard tool for measuring breast cancer screening hesitancy. In the future, research should focus on developing more adaptive tools and using digital platforms to increase accessibility. By addressing these gaps, public health strategies can better reduce screening hesitancy, enhance early detection, and improve health conditions worldwide. BJMS, Vol. 24 No. 04 October’25 Page : 1304-1328
Copyright (c) 2025 Yang Liao, Suhaily Mohd Hairon, Najib Majdi Yaacob, Tengku Alina Tengku Ismail, Li Luo http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Comprehensive Need Assessment Survey for Faculty Development in Medical Education
Introduction Medical education is a continuously evolving field that requires faculty members to engage in ongoing professional development to maintain high-quality instructions. Faculty development programs at medical education department of medical colleges play a critical role in equipping educators with the necessary skills to address the dynamic challenges of medical education. However, the effectiveness of such programs is contingent upon accurately identifying faculty training needs. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive need assessment survey to determine the specific areas where faculty members require further development in order to improvise their teaching skills. Methods A structured google survey was designed to assess faculty training needs across various competencies, including teaching methodologies, clinical instruction, curriculum development, and educational research. Faculty members were asked to rate the importance of each competency and indicate their need for additional training. The survey was distributed to all faculty members of college of medicine, King Faisal University, Al-ahsa. 41 faculty members across different departments, including Surgery, Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Neurosciences, and Obstetrics and Gynecology responded to the survey. Data collection was conducted over one month, and responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results The survey yielded responses from 41 faculty members, with Assistant Professors constituting 70% of the participants. The highest departmental representation was from Biomedical Sciences (35%) and Surgery (25%). Teaching in large and small groups received the highest mean importance rating (4.5), followed by facilitating and managing learning (4.3). The most frequently reported areas requiring additional training included large group teaching (65%), assessment and learning (60%), and educational research (55%). Faculty members recommended regular workshops on teaching methodologies, educational research, and statistical analysis, with an emphasis on accreditation of training sessions through relevant health authorities. Discussion The findings highlight the critical need for faculty development in large group teaching, student assessment, and educational research. The increasing role of technology in medical education was also evident, as faculty members expressed a need for training in e-learning platforms. Need assessment surveys provide valuable insights for tailoring faculty development initiatives; however, their limitations must be acknowledged. Surveys may not capture all faculty challenges due to reliance on self-reported data, potentially leading to a narrow focus on training programs. To address these limitations, institutions should integrate qualitative methods such as focus groups and peer mentoring to supplement survey findings. The integration of interdisciplinary faculty development initiatives has the potential to augment collaborative efforts and elevate the quality of educational experiences. Conclusion This need assessment survey provides essential insights into the training needs of faculty members, emphasizing the importance of structured and targeted faculty development programs. While need assessment surveys serve as a foundational tool for shaping faculty training initiatives by the Faculty Development Committee, Medical institutions must adopt a multifaceted approach that includes qualitative insights and collaborative strategies to ensure comprehensive professional development of faculty members and other staff. By fostering an inclusive and dynamic faculty development culture, medical institutions can enhance teaching effectiveness and improve overall educational outcomes. The study helped a lot in development of annual faculty training need for the college of medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa BJMS, Vol. 24 No. 04 October’25 Page : 1329-1337
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdulmohsen M Alomair, Imran Sabri, Syed Ziaur Rahman http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Perspective on Merging databases for bibliometric analysis
Abstract not available BJMS, Vol. 24 No. 04 October’25 Page : 1025-1028
Copyright (c) 2025 Namrata Dagli, Jestina Rachel Kurian, Mainul Haque http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0