Infection control in healthcare facilities of Kazakhstan: current realities, challenges, and integration of international best practices

Abstract

Background Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) remain a global patient safety challenge, with prevalence rates ranging from 3.5–7% in high-income countries to over 15% in resource-limited settings. In Kazakhstan, ongoing healthcare reforms face barriers to effective infection prevention and control (IPC), particularly in maternity facilities where postpartum sepsis accounts for up to 18% of maternal deaths. Objective To assess the current state of IPC in Kazakhstan, compare it with international best practices, identify systemic gaps, and propose targeted recommendations to strengthen IPC programs. Methods A mixed-methods approach was used, combining literature review, analysis of national regulations, review of WHO, CDC, and ECDC guidelines, and comparative evaluation of IPC programs in selected countries using the WHO Infection Prevention and Control Assessment Framework (IPCAF). Results Kazakhstan demonstrates partial implementation of WHO IPC core components, with significant deficits in digital surveillance, trained IPC personnel, and antimicrobial stewardship. HAI prevalence in Kazakhstan (10–15%) exceeds rates in highincome countries (<7%). Comparative analysis shows that robust governance, continuous staff training, and integration of digital monitoring systems are key to achieving sustained HAI reduction. Conclusion Strengthening Kazakhstan’s IPC requires integrated measures, including development of a national digital HAI surveillance platform, mass training and certification of IPC specialists, adaptation of WHO guidelines to local contexts, and prioritization of infection control in maternity care to reduce postpartum sepsis-related mortality.

BJMS, Vol. 24 No. 04 October’25 Page : 1062-1071