Clinical Profiles, Risk Factors and Management Outcomes of Ectopic Pregnancy attended at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Keywords:
Ectopic pregnancy, Risk factors, cesarean section, Infertility, Surgical management, β-hCGAbstract
Background: Ectopic pregnancy is a potentially life-threatening condition in which the fertilized ovum implants outside the uterine cavity. Early identification of risk factors and prompt management are essential to prevent complications and preserve fertility.
Objective: The main objective of the study was to evaluate the risk factors, and management outcomes of ectopic pregnancy.
Methodology: A prospective descriptive study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Enam Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, from July 2023 to December 2023. Fifty ectopic pregnancies were included, while patients with acute abdomen due to tumors, infections, or cysts were excluded. Diagnosis was based on history, clinical examination, laboratory investigations, ultrasonography, and confirmed by laparotomy or laparoscopy. Data on demographics, parity, clinical features, risk factors, diagnostic tests, and management were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 25.
Results: The majority were aged 26–30 years (34%), followed by 21–25 years (28%). Amenorrhea was the most frequent symptom (98%), followed by vaginal bleeding (92%) and abdominal pain (90%), while fainting attacks were rare (6%). Most women were multiparous (58%), and the majority of pregnancies were spontaneous. The most common risk factors were previous cesarean section (40%), history of infertility (26%), and history of abortion (26%). Surgical management was performed in 84% of cases, and medical management in 16%. β-hCG testing was significantly associated with medical management (62.5% vs. 14.3% in surgical cases, p=0.003), and amenorrhea was significantly more common in surgically managed patients (p=0.021). No significant associations were found between management type and abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, or fainting attack.
Conclusion: Ectopic pregnancy predominantly affects multiparous women of reproductive age, with previous cesarean section, infertility, and abortion as major risk factors, highlighting the importance of early recognition, appropriate use of β-hCG for patient selection, and timely medical or surgical intervention to reduce morbidity and improve clinical outcomes.
Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research, January 2025;12(1):37-43
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Copyright (c) 2026 Mosammad Tanbir Nahar Shamima, Sheuly Begum, Tahmina Khanum, Monowara Begum, Mohammad Ahsan Habibur Rahman
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