The Impact of Lifestyle Factors on Infertility in Women with PCOS: A study in Community Based Medical College, Bangladesh

Abstract

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age and a leading cause of anovulatory infertility. Emerging evidence suggests that modifiable lifestyle factors, including obesity, physical activity, diet, and sleep patterns, may influence reproductive outcomes in this population. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of lifestyle factors on infertility among women with PCOS and to identify modifiable determinants that may contribute to reproductive dysfunction. This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2025 at the Community Based Medical College, Bangladesh. A total of 167 women aged 18–40 years, diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria, were included. Participants with other causes of infertility, chronic medical conditions, pregnancy, or prior pelvic surgery were excluded. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering socio-demographic characteristics, menstrual and reproductive history, and lifestyle behaviors. Anthropometric measurements were obtained following standardized procedures, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Lifestyle factors assessed included physical activity, dietary patterns, and sleep quality. Infertility was categorized as primary, secondary, or absent. Associations between lifestyle factors and infertility were analyzed using chi-square tests, odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and logistic regression to determine independent predictors. The mean age of participants was 29.4 ± 4.8 years, and the mean BMI was 27.8 ± 3.6 kg/m². Primary infertility was observed in 56.3% of women, secondary infertility in 28.7%, and 15.0% reported no infertility. Menstrual irregularities were common, with oligomenorrhea (46.7%) and amenorrhea (24.0%). Lifestyle behaviors varied, with 31.1% reporting regular exercise, 36.5% following a healthy diet, and 52.7% experiencing inadequate sleep. Obesity (OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.30–4.70, p=0.004) and physical inactivity (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.14–4.21, p=0.017) emerged as independent predictors of infertility. Unhealthy diet showed a marginal association (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.01–3.51, p=0.041), whereas poor sleep did not reach statistical significance. Modifiable lifestyle factors, particularly obesity and physical inactivity, play a critical role in infertility among women with PCOS. Interventions targeting weight management, regular physical activity, and healthy dietary habits may improve reproductive outcomes and overall metabolic health. These findings support the integration of lifestyle-focused strategies alongside conventional medical management for comprehensive care in women with PCOS. 

CBMJ 2026 July: Vol. 15 No. 02 P:366-373