Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Inguinal Hernia Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Khulna City
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3329/mediscope.v13i1.87100Keywords:
Inguinal hernia, Clinical characteristics, Risk factorsAbstract
Background: Inguinal hernias, the most common abdominal wall hernias, occur when abdominal contents protrude through the inguinal canal due to abdominal wall weakness. They account for 75% of all abdominal wall hernias, with indirect inguinal hernias being more common than direct ones. Risk factors include congenital conditions, increased intra-abdominal pressure, age, and smoking.
Aim: This study aims to assess the different clinical characteristics and patterns of presentation of inguinal hernia in the adult population.
Methods: This prospective study included 85 patients with primary inguinal hernia admitted at the Department of Surgery, Khulna Medical College Hospital, Khulna, Bangladesh, between January 2020 to December 2023. Patients were selected using purposive sampling and were assessed for fitness for surgery through routine tests. Exclusion criteria included infants, recurrent hernias, laparoscopic treatments, and certain medical conditions. Surgery was performed under spinal anesthesia using 3 ml of bupivacaine 2%. Ethical approval was obtained, and informed consent was taken. Data were collected on demographics, clinical details, and risk factors, and analyzed using SPSS to summarize categorical variables with frequencies and percentages. Results: A total of 89.41% were male, with 40% above 50 years old. Most patients were engaged in business (52.94%), and 61.18% were from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. All patients had groin swelling, with common symptoms including groin pain (63.53%) and heaviness (61.18%). Hernia types were predominantly right-direct (32.94%) and left-direct (27.06%). Risk factors included smoking (25.88%), weight lifting (21.18%), and prostatism (18.82%). The majority of hernias were reducible (81.18%) and incomplete (77.65%).
Conclusion: Inguinal hernias primarily affect males over 50, with direct hernias being more prevalent. Delayed symptom presentation, influenced by socio-economic and healthcare access issues, highlights the need for public awareness and early intervention. Key risk factors include smoking, heavy lifting, and aging, consistent with global trends.
Mediscope 2026;13(1): 46-51
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Copyright (c) 2026 Anirudha Sardar, Md. Masud Sattar, Mohammad Abu Bakr Siddique, Jotirmay Shaha
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