Early gallbladder carcinoma: Demographic characteristics, associated factors and outcome after surgery of 40 cases, managed in BIRDEM and other tertiary care centers of Bangladesh

Abstract

Background: Gall bladder carcinoma is the most prevalent biliary tract malignancy worldwide. It has has no specific symptoms. Symptoms begin with the advancement of disease and it terminate the life quickly. Thus, early diagnosis and treatment brings good outcome after surgery.

Method: This was a cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in admitted patients , in the  Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic surgery and Liver Transplant (HBPS &LT_X) in BIRDEM General Hospital , Ibn Sina Specialized hospital and Crescent Gastro Liver and General hospital in Dhaka , over a period of 2 and 1/2 years  ,  from January 2022 to June 2024 . 90% data obtained from BIRDEM and 10% from above mentioned hospitals. An estimate sample size was 86. But due to limitation of time ,a total 40 cases had been taken, after considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria . All histopathologically proven early gallbladder carcinoma were included while carcinoma  with features of advance malignancy were excluded. Cases were selected irrespective of age and sex , anatomical distribution, clinical presentation, risk factors, histological type and outcome after surgery. Having obtained ethical clearance from the Ethical committee and verbal consent from the the patients, data were  collected from the patients, through face to face interview by using a questionnaire devised for the study by researcher himself.

Result: A total 40 cases were included in the study. The peak incidence of gallbladder carcinoma was observed in 5^th and 6^th decades of life with the mean age of the cases being 58.12±7.75 ( range: 35-80) years . Male to female predominance was 1:2.34 .Gall stone (80%) was the most common associated factor and mostly diagnosed incidentally (92.5%). Mostly done procedure was laparoscopic cholecystectomy and it was about 90% .Tumor involve fundus of the gallbladder in 55% cases and most of these were adenocarcinoma (90%). After surgery wound infection rate 7.5%, port site hernia 5%, there was no recurrence   and survivability was 97.5% within this 2^1/2  years of study periods.

Conclusion: Early surgical intervention brings good result in the management of early gallbladder carcinoma.

EWMCJ Vol. 13, No. 2, July 2025: 131-136