Evaluation of Nibrin (NBN) Protein Expression in Malignant and Benign Breast Lumps Using IHC Technique
Keywords:
Cancer, Immunohistochemical, Nibrin, Breast Lumps, IHCAbstract
Background: Breast cancer is a life-threatening malignancy that is linked to increased mortality and decreases the quality of life of the affected women, such efforts have been allocated to understand the impact of key biological alterations on disease progression and patient’s outcome.
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the expression level of Nibrin (NBN) protein in the context of breast cancer tissue in both malignant and benign cases of Iraqi women.
Methodology: This clinical based experimental study was conducted in Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq from November 2023 to the end of February 2024. Formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks (FFPE) of breast were divided into 50 malignant breast tumor, 20 benign breast lump and 10 healthy tissues from forensic department as a control. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to evaluated alteration of NBN in malignant breast tumor and some benign breast lumps compared to expression in normal tissue.
Results: The result indicated that there are highly significant differences (p < 0.001) between study groups according to Nibrin expression level. The malignant breast tumor case (100%) exhibited positive Nibrin expression, while its expression was absent in all benign breast lumps and controls. The current data showed there was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.189) according to expression level of Nibrin and the average age of women. The Nibrin expression was more common in tumors at grade II, in both moderate and strong expression [8 (47.06%) and 24 (72.73%), respectively]. Moreover, it showed no significant difference (p = 0.741) according to pathological stage. The expression level was most common with a large tumor size, more than 5 cm, compared to a smaller in malignant cases.
Conclusion: Overall, because NBN plays a vital role in DNA repair mechanisms, any alteration in this gene can cause dysregulation in repair mechanisms and tumorigenesis. Therefore, elevated Nibrin expression in malignant breast cancer may have potential as a candidate biomarker for disease diagnosis and prognosis at any age.
Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, June 2026;13(1):87-95
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Copyright (c) 2026 Israa Hassan Ali, Fadhel Mohammed Lafta
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