Seasonal Influence on Pattern of Admission of Preeclampsia with Severe Features in Southeast Region of Bangladesh
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v44i1.87331Keywords:
Preeclampsia, Severe Preeclampsia, Seasonal variationAbstract
Introduction:Preeclampsia (PE) is the second most common cause of maternal death worldwide. Geographic, sociodemographic, racial, and economic factors have all been proposed as contributors to the rate variations of PE. Among them, seasonal factors (temperature and humidity) may influence PE. Climate change has been connected to the global pattern of PE. The study was conducted to find out the hospital prevalence of SPE in different seasons in a tertiary hospital in the Southeastern part of Bangladesh and its influence on feto-maternal outcomes.
Methods:This cross-sectional study was performed in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH) from February 2021 to January 2022. The study year was divided into four seasons: Summer (March to May), Monsoon (June to August), Autumn (September to November), and Winter (December to February) according to the seasons of Bangladesh. The prevalence of SPE and meteorological differences in the four seasons and over the English calendar month was compared.
Results:In the past year, 19183 obstetrics patients were hospitalized, 14661 births were documented, and 8,908 CS occurred. Pregnancy-related hypertension was 2150, PE was 1597 (8.33% of all hospitalizations), and SPE was 1315 (6.80% hospital prevalence). Eclampsia was 552 Winter has the most SPE (8.01%) and Autumn the least (5.97%). Winter SPE risk was much higher than Autumn (OR + 1.37, 95% CI: 1.18-1.59). Summer had 22.44% delivery rates, whereas Autumn had 53%. SPE-related CS was lowest in Monsoon (9.78%) and highest in Winter (13.54%). SPE-related CS was 1.38 times higher in winter using the Monsoon as the reference season. Monthly SPE prevalence was 5.23%–9.28%. Average monthly temperature was adversely connected with S. PE admission (r= -0.71; P=0.01). Of 1,315 SPE admissions, 27 women died (2.05%). Others were released alive. There were 64 maternal deaths during the research. SPE killed 42.19% of mothers in four seasons. SPE caused 33 stillbirths (2.92%) out of 1132 deliveries. SPE accounted for 12.09% of 273 SB from all sources in four seasons.
Conclusion:This study supports the concept of seasonal influence on the admittance of preeclampsia patients. In the tropical climate, the incidence appeared to be higher in the Winter, with peaks at inter-seasonal periods, when the weather is cooler than the rest of the year. So, a lower temperature is linked to severe Preeclampsia. Understanding the relationship of SPE with Bangladesh's different seasons will help identify the triggering factors of PE and eclampsia(EC).
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2026; 44: 40-46
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