Phytochemical and antibacterial properties of clove from India, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia available in Bangladesh

Authors

  • Sharmin Hossen Department of Applied Chemistry & Chemical Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3783-1652
  • Irin Hossain Department of Chemistry, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6401-8060
  • Shamim Akhtar Department of Chemistry, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3398-4646
  • Arpita Chowdhury Department of Applied Chemistry & Chemical Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh
  • Tanvir Ahamed Department of Applied Chemistry & Chemical Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2254-7133
  • Susmita Chowdhury Department of Applied Chemistry & Chemical Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5901-2635
  • Monsur Ahmad Department of Applied Chemistry & Chemical Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9342-3568

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v49i2.80644

Keywords:

Syzygium aromaticum, Clove Essential Oil, phytocomponent, GC-MS, Antibacterial activity, Antioxidant

Abstract

Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) are aromatic flower buds that have been extensively studied for their culinary, medicinal, and economic value. Bangladesh has Indonesian (CIS), Indian (CID) and Sri Lankan (CSI) cloves. This study investigates the bioactive compounds, proximate analysis, physicochemical properties, and antibacterial efficacy of clove essential oils from three commercially available brands in Chattogram. Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), the primary bioactive compounds identified were eugenol, eugenol acetate, and β- caryophyllene, with significant variations in their concentrations across brands. Proximate analysis revealed differences in moisture, ash, and volatile content, highlighting disparities in quality and purity. Physicochemical properties were assessed. Antibacterial efficacy was evaluated using the agar disc diffusion method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as indicated by its minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. These findings underscore the importance of brand selection in ensuring the therapeutic and functional efficacy of clove essential oil, emphasizing the need for stringent quality control in the market.

J. Bangladesh Acad. Sci. 49(2); 243-253: December 2025

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Published

2025-12-30

How to Cite

Hossen, S., Hossain, I., Akhtar, S., Chowdhury, A., Ahamed, T., Chowdhury, S., & Ahmad, M. (2025). Phytochemical and antibacterial properties of clove from India, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia available in Bangladesh. Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, 49(2), 243–253. https://doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v49i2.80644

Issue

Vol. 49 No. 2 (2025)

Section

Research Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences

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