Fire Incident Modeling of the 2022 Sitakunda Fire Event using Fire Dynamics Simulator

Abstract

The occurrence of fire accidents in Bangladesh has resulted in not only vast economic impacts but has unfortunately inflicted a lot of damage in the form of loss of life as well. The prevalence and severity of fire incidents within urban regions have been on the rise indicating a dire need for adequate fire management. This study centers around the Sitakunda Fire Event of June 4, 2022, and seeks to explore the event by developing two simulation models using Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS). One simulation models the real scenario of the event and the other captures a “what if” scenario in which the hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) container was either not present or properly stored. The simulations produced time-series graphs illustrating the fire's dynamics. The results from the actual event scenario showed significantly higher levels of heat (energy) release, increased temperatures, and a drop in oxygen levels, which in turn resulted in poor visibility due to smoke. These metrics were tracked over time and showed a much more subdued fire intensity and lower damage in the second simulation. This comparison indicates a specific action to improve the level of fire risk. The correct storage or better control of hazardous materials like H₂O₂ could have significantly limited the overall damage. To achieve sustainable fire risk management and effective emergency response, this study highlights the need to incorporate simulation modeling and implement better fire management appropriate to high-risk areas. This approach is essential for understanding fire behavior and assisting in the preparation and mitigation of future fires in locations like the container depot.

The Dhaka University Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 14(2), 2025, P 51-64