Clinical Profile and Outcomes of Children with ChronicKidney Disease at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

Abstract

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children is a growing health concern, associated with significant morbidity and mortality.

Objective: To assess the clinical, biochemical and anthropometric profiles of children diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to evaluate their outcomes.

Methods: This study enrolled 123 children aged 2 - 16 years, diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD was defined in accordance with KDOQI guidelines. Medical records of 123 children aged 2 - 16 years diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who were managed at Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Bangladesh Medical University (BMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, between September 2024 and August 2025 were reviewed. CKD was defined in accordance with KDOQI guidelines. Data on demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, laboratory parameters, CKD stages, treatment modalities and outcomes were collected accordingly. Data were analyzed and compared by statistical tests.

Results: The mean age of study children was 9.4 ± 3.2 years and 58.5% was male. The most common etiology of CKD was congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (36.6%), followed by glomerulonephritis (28.5%). At presentation, anemia (91.1%), hypertension (65.0%), and growth retardation (52.0%) were the most prevalent clinical features. Most children (63.4%) presented in advanced stages (Stage 4 - 5). Biochemical abnormalities included proteinuria (70.7%), hyperphosphatemia (61.0%), and hypocalcemia (49.6%). Conservative management was the main treatment (53.7%), while 26.8% required hemodialysis. Of them, 25.2% progressed to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and 5.7% was died. Advanced CKD stages was significantly associated with anemia, growth failure, hypertension, and biochemical derangements (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Pediatric CKD in this cohort was predominantly diagnosed at advanced stages, with high rates of anemia, growth retardation, and biochemical abnormalities. A considerable number of CKD children suffer ESRD.

Bang. Renal J. 2026; 8(2): 86-92