Causative Organisms and Their Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of Urinary Tract Infection in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Abstract

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant public health issue, particularly in developing countries. Irrespective of gender urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common among CKD patients due to the presence of various risk factors.

Objective: To examine the types of organisms and their antimicrobial sensitivity patterns in urinary tract infections among patients with chronic kidney disease.

Methods: This observational study was conducted in the Department of Nephrology Bangladesh Medical University (BMU) for approximately 18 months following approval of the protocol by the Institutional Review Board (IRB). All patients were older than 18 years & they were selected based on selection criteria. Detailed medical histories were taken, physical examinations were performed, and routine laboratory results were noted. Blood and urine samples for culture and sensitivity were collected as per protocol. Culture and sensitivity of urine was investigated in the Department of Microbiology, BMU.

Results: In the context of urinary tract infection (UTI) risk factors, there is a clear predominance of middleaged and older adults, particularly those aged 51–70 years. Gender differences in infection prevalence were noted, with E. coli and Klebsiella more common in men, while Staphylococcus aureus was more prevalent in women. A significant proportion of patients 53 (48.3%) belong to stage 3 CKD followed by 48 (43.6%) patients in stage 4 CKD and 9 (8.1%) patients in stage 5 CKD. E. coli was the most common (68.1%) pathogen followed by Klebsiella (13.6%) and Staphylococcus aureus (7.4%). Antibiotic resistance patterns showed that E. coli had high sensitivity to Nitrofurantoin, Meropenem, and Gentamicin but lower sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin and Ceftriaxone. Klebsiella and other pathogens exhibited variable antibiotic sensitivities.

Conclusion: Urinary tract infection (UTI) in CKD is predominant among middle-aged and older adults. Escherichia coli (E. coli) was the most common pathogen identified, followed by Klebsiella and Staphylococcus aureus. E. coli demonstrated high sensitivity to Nitrofurantoin, Meropenem, and Gentamicin, but showed lower sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin and Ceftriaxone.

Bang. Renal J. 2026; 8(2): 71-78