The Sugar Trap in Diabetes Mellitus: Understanding the Disease, Pathophysiology, Complications, Early Detection and Prevention -A Narrative Review
Keywords:
Diabetes mellitus; Type-1 diabetes; Type-2 diabetes; Blood glucose; Insulin; Diabetes prevention; Diabetes complications; Public health; Health education.Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterised by elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycaemia) and represents a major and growing global public health challenge. However, very few people are aware about how diabetes develops, its types, symptoms and what are the serious complications which are preventable if can diagnosed earlier. This narrative review aims to explain the development of diabetes, understanding of the symptoms and its complication while highlighting the importance of prevention, early detection, and longterm management. The article first describes how the body normally regulates blood glucose through the actions of insulin and glucagon before explaining the mechanisms of type-1 and type-2 diabetes. Secondly, it discusses the common symptoms of diabetes and the effects of prolonged high blood glucose on major organs, including the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and feet. Finally, evidence-based approaches for preventing type-2 diabetes and reducing the risk of developing complications through healthy lifestyle habits, regular health screening, and appropriate medical care are presented. Educating the public about how diabetes develops may positively influence the adoption of healthy lifestyle choices, promote early diagnosis, and support better self-management among individuals living with diabetes. Public education remains an essential component to decrease the growing burden of diabetes and its complications.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 25 No. 04 October’26 Page: 1035-1044
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Copyright (c) 2026 Sakiinah Hasan, Abdus Salam, Hasbullani Zakaria, Sapari Sawti
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