Identification of potential risk factors for recurrent outbreaks of Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) in poultry farms of Bogra District, Bangladesh in 2015

Abstract

An outbreak investigation was conducted in poultry farms of two Upazilas (Bograsadar & Sherpur) of Bogra district of Bangladesh to identify potential risk factors associated with occurrence of Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD)/Gumboro during February-March 2015. A total of 75 farms were recruited under a cross-sectional study of which 40% (n=30) ‘infected farms’ and 60% (n=45) ‘non infected farms’ from the 2 Upazilas. The infected farms were included from active and passive surveillance data of two Upazila Livestock Offices and District Veterinary Hospital (DVH), Bogra. The non-infected farms were included by convenient sampling technique from the same areas of the two Upazila. The data were collected from the poultry farms using pretested semi-structured questionnaire.  A total of 75 farmers were interviewed of which 87% (n=67) male farmers, 11% (n=8) female farmers with an average age of 38(±9) years.  Sixty percent (n=45) famers were rearing Sonali type of bird with a flock size 1554(±745) and 40% (n=30) farmers with broiler type of bird with a farm size 828(±263). Among the infected farms, 86.67% (n=26) farms were infected in Sadar Upazila and 13.37% (n=4) farms infected in Sherpur Upazila. The case fatality rate in Broiler and Sonali were 47.47%, 30.32% respectively with an average 33.26%. The study found that 26.67% (n=20) farms had practiced daily disinfection and 34.67% (n= 26) farms did not allow visitors in the farms. The potential risk factors relating to  biosecurity  aspects were found significant in this study at level of p≤0.05, were, “not practicing all in all out”(OR= 11.15, 95% CI= 2.03-61.16, p= 0.006), “not practicing cleaning and disinfection daily”(OR=7.92, 95% CI=1.2-52.28, p=0.03), “having partial netting of the farm” (OR= 36.97, 95% CI= 3.40-402.40, p=0.003) along with  “inappropriate gap between two production cycle” (OR= 15.40, 95% CI= 2.27-99.57, p=0.005). The results from PE presented that good quality chicks (DOCs), farm bio-security, detection of antibody titerat day 1 in conjunction with implementing proper vaccination schedule to be followed for successful IBD prevention and control at the farm level. In conclusion, proper bio-security measures with strict vaccination protocol should be maintained mandatorily to control of IBD at the poultry farm in this district.

Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2016, 1 (2), 182-189