University Journal of Zoology, Rajshahi University

Effects of acetic acid on the total viable counts of microbes and overall acceptability of dressed broiler meat

S A Taher, R Khaton, MAH Fakir, M A Hasnat, M M Rahman — Tue, 18 Jun 2013 00:00:00 +0000

This study was conducted to evaluate efficacy of acetic acid solution to eliminate pathogens, prevent food deterioration and extend the shelf-life of dressed broiler meat without adversely affecting its quality. A total of 40 broilers were categorized into two groups. Each group was further categorized into two sub-groups: one for intact skin and another for without skin. Each bird of either group viz. comprised of two portions breast and thigh muscle. Acid spray and acid immersion were used. Bacteriological analysis by total viable count (TVC) and sanitary quality determination of dressed broiler by taste panel scores were performed. Acetic acid treatment reduced the initial level of TVC by about 0.5 to 0.724 log colony forming unit (CFU)/gm of meat. Maximum reduction in TVC (0.724) was achieved when acetic acid immersion treatment was given to meat and it was evident that the meat quality of dressed broiler after treatment with acetic acid remains better up to 5 days of storage.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15370

Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 01-04

Protozoan parasites in a wastewater treatment plant of Bangladesh

H Khanum, S Shanjida Khanam, M Sultana, M H Uddin, R Chandra Dhar, M S Islam — Tue, 18 Jun 2013 00:00:00 +0000

Parasitic infection is a global health problem especially in developing countries. Municipal wastewaters always contain cysts of parasitic protozoans at some level. The present study was conducted to detect protozoan parasites in different stages of the treatment plant to check its efficacy. Wastewaters were collected from 3 points of the Pagla Sewage Treatent Plant (PSTP) of Dhaka, Bangladesh, throughout the year, 2007-08 at fortnight intervals. Giardia spp., Entamoeba spp., Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana, Idoamoeba butschlii and Balantidium coli were detected at different times in different stages of the treatment plant. Among these Giardia and Entamoeba spp. were found most frequently than others. Both the prevalence and dominance of protozoan parasites were reduced gradually with the sampling point of the treatment plant which means that the treatment plant was effective in reducing protozoan parasites but not too effective to eliminate them completely.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15372

Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 05-08

Biochemical analysis of Five Dried Fish species of Bangladesh

Fawzia Adib Flowra, Dil Gulrukh Nahar, Anannya Sen Tumpa, M Tariqul Islam — Tue, 18 Jun 2013 00:00:00 +0000

To assess the proximate composition, five dried fish samples of Mystus vittatus, Channa punctatus, Chanda nama, Corica soborna and Trichuirus haumela were selected. The moisture content ranged from 14.06% to 24.58%, protein varied between 44.08% to 65.65% (moisture basis) and 53.45% to 76.39% (dry matter basis), lipid content of the selected dried fishes ranged from 1.91% to 17.76% (moisture basis) and 2.31% to 21.54% (dry matter basis). Ash content varied from 9.63% to 22.73% (moisture basis) and 11.21% to 28.15% (dry matter basis). The experiment was replicated three times and conducted from February, 2009 to August, 2009. Samples were collected from Sayedpur Upazaila, Nilphamari District, the north-west region of Bangladesh.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15373

Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 09-11

Assessment of the production performance and economic efficiencies of available chicken breeds (Gallus domesticus L.) in Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Ripon Kumar Datta, M Saiful Islam, Md Ashraful Kabir — Tue, 18 Jun 2013 00:00:00 +0000

Production performance and economic efficiencies of broiler of Cobb 500, cockerel of ISA Brown, Fayoumi, and RIR (Rhode Island Red) and Sonali (derived from RIR? × Fayoumi?) available in Rajshahi were investigated. Identical care and management practices were provided to chickens of all genetic groups reared for meat and egg production. Performance of four meat purpose chickens viz., Cobb 500, ISA Brown, Fayoumi and Sonali were evaluated in terms of such important parameters as initial body weight (IBW), 5-wk rearing period (RP), achieved body weight (ABW), feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Performance of three egg purpose chickens viz. Fayoumi, RIR and Sonali included weight of day-old chick (WDOC), growth rate (GR), death rate (DR), fertility (FR), hatchability (HT), first laying age (FLA) and monthly egg production (MEP). Economic efficiency parameters viz., total cost (TC), gross return (GRR), net return (NR) and cost-benefit ratio (CBR) were calculated for both types. In terms of FI, FCR and BWG values, broiler of Cobb 500 was the best preferred and cockerel of ISA Brown the least preferred chicken. Conversely, in terms of the CBR values for meat producers, the cockerel of ISA White (1.58) was the best and the broiler of Cobb 500 (1.15) the worst. Taking the FLA and MEP into account, RIR topped the list (19.1 wks and 23 eggs per month) whereas Cobb 500 ranked at the bottom (25.2 wks and 16 eggs per month). CBR for egg productivity, on the other hand, was highest in Sonali (1.11) followed by RIR and Fayoumi (1.10 each) and Cobb 500 (1.09). As regards the meat productivity, significant correlations existed between TC and NR for all chickens except Sonali, which exhibited a negative correlation between the traits. Negative and non-significant associations prevailed for egg productivity in all the chickens. Although broiler of Cobb 500 was found to be the most popular for meat and RIR for egg, the cockerel of ISA Brown was the chicken that earned the maximum CBR.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15374

Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 13-18

Selection strategies considering varietal differences with respect to egg characters of mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori L.

M Kamrul Ahsan — Tue, 18 Jun 2013 00:00:00 +0000

The genotypic variability and correlation coefficients were studied in 27 indigenous multivoltine varieties of mulberry silkworm, B. mori L. for six egg characters. The genotype was highly significant for all the characters under studied. Least difference between genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation were observed. Majority of the characters showed high heritability comparing with dead egg percentage. Furthermore Unfertilized egg percentage showed high genetic advance together with high heritability but HP and EW showed high heritability and low genetic advance. These indicate the importance of additive and non-additive gene effect of these characters respectively. Total number of egg laid by female, hatching percentage, and blue egg percentage showed both positive and negative significant correlation to each other at both the phenotypic and genotypic levels. The results suggest that these characters specially total number of egg laid by female, blue egg percentage and unfertilized egg percentage appeared as importance in selection programme for genetic gain in B. mori.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15375

Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 19-22

Efficacy of two inducing agents PG and DoM+SGnRH in the induced breeding of the major carp, kalibaus (Labeo calbasu)

Jesmin Ahktar, Abdus Salam Bhuiyan — Wed, 19 Jun 2013 00:00:00 +0000

An experiment on the induced breeding of the endangered fish, Labeo calbasu (Hamilton-Buchanam) was conducted in the Fish Seed Multiplication Farm,Rajshahi to know the efficacy of two inducing agents (PG and DoM+SGnRH). Three breeding trials of each inducing agent were performed. A total of 24 females weighing from 1.5 kg to 2 kg were given an initial and a resolving dose of 1.5 mg and 6 mg PG extract per kg body weight respectively as treatment-1. On the other hand, a total of 24 females weighing from 1.5 kg to 2 kg were given a single dose of 12 mg DoM + SGnRH/kg as treatment-2. In case of treatment-1, 12 males weighing from 1.5 kg to 1.95 kg were administered a single dose of 1.5 mg PG/kg body weight during resolving dose of female. In treatment-2, 12 males weighing from 1.5 kg to 1.8 kg were administered 3 mg DoM+SGnRH /kg body weight during initial dose of females. In treatment-1, the time interval between initial and resolving dose was 5 hours and ovulation occurred in all the injected females within 6 hours after resolving dose. Ovulation occurred within 6 to 8 hours after the injection of inducing agents for treatment-2. The mean rates of ovulation, fertilization and hatching were 100%, 77.36% and 74.5% respectively in treatment-1. On the contrary, the mean rates of ovulation, fertilization and hatching were 83.33%, 63.83% and 59.66% in treatment-2. Hatchery produced fry were reared in nursery pond for 40 days. In nursery pond. Flour, oil cake and wheat bran were applied as nursery feeds. Both the inducing agents were effective in respect of overall breeding performance. But the best results were obtained with PG although in case of DoM+SGnRH complete breeding takes place within short time with less labour and cost than that of PG.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15376

Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 23-26

Production of small and big fishes of selected ponds

Sabina Sultana — Wed, 19 Jun 2013 00:00:00 +0000

To study the big and Small Indigenous Species (SIS) of fish production, 15 ponds of Rajshahi University campus were selected. The pond production was ranged from 326.16 to 2187.40 kg/ha. The ratio of SIS and big fish production was calculated maximum as 1 : 0.10 (by number) and 1 : 7.46 (by weight). Majority of these SIS fish are Self Recruiting Species (SRS), because they were not stocked in the studied ponds. The F/C ratio was obtained as 4.583 in average

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15378

Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 27-30

Breeding biology of coppersmith barbet, Megalaima haemacephala (Müller, 1776)

Noor Jahan Sarker, M Firoj Jaman, Shariar Mustafa, Md Saidur Rahman — Fri, 21 Jun 2013 00:00:00 +0000

Breeding biology of the Coppersmith barbet, Megalaima haemacephala (Müller, 1776) was carried out between February, 2006 and January, 2007 at Sharawardy Uddyan, Ramna Park, Curzon Hall and National Botanical Garden. The breeding season started from December and ended in June. In total 20 nests were observed, of which 10 nests were studied in details in four study areas. The coppersmith barbet mostly preferred to make holes on the branches of koroi (Albizzia procera) for nesting. Egg laying started on 15^th February in the study areas. Average height of nests from the ground was 9.7m and average depth and diameter of the holes was 29.20cm and 4.46cm respectively. New holes were constructed yearly or the old one was reused. Both the sexes took part in incubation of eggs, brooding and feeding to the nestlings. A total of 30 eggs were laid in 10 nests. Clutch size varied from 2 4 eggs (average: 3 eggs). Among them, 20 (66.67%) eggs were hatched and the rest 10 (33.33%) were unhatched and lost. Average incubation period was 14 days. The male and the female incubated the eggs for an average of 27.44 minutes/ hours and 32.56 minutes/ hours, respectively. Average number of nestlings (brood size) per nest was 2. Out of 20 nestlings, 16 left their nests successively. The breeding success was 53.33% in relation to the number of eggs laid and 80% in relation to nestlings hatched. The average weight of eggs and nestlings was 3.59g and 9.33g, respectively. The main causes of loss of the eggs and nestlings were human interference, predation and ectoparasitic infections. Insects and fruits were fed to the nestlings by their parents.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15397

Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 31-34

High hatching success of saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) in a commercial Crocodile Farm of Bangladesh

Fri, 21 Jun 2013 00:00:00 +0000

An extensive study was conducted from March 2007 to February 2012 on hatching success of saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) in the Reptiles Farm Ltd. (RFL) located at Hatiber village of Uthura union under Bhaluka upazila in Mymensingh. The study was mainly based on direct field observation and some previous data collected by farms technicians. A special type of incubator having 98-100% moisture and 31-33⁰C temperature was maintained to improve the hatching success. Yearly hatching success in captivity was 95.8%, 95.15%, 97.44%, 96.03% and 94.53% in 2007 through 2011, respectively. The average rate of hatching success in RFL was 95.8 ± 1.09%. Hundred percent hatching success was found in 29 out of 56 clutches. Clutch size varied from 19 to 68 eggs. Unhatched eggs were 4.19%, of which most of the embryos died before hatching. The average time required for incubation was 79 ± 3, 79.5 ± 4.5, 80 ± 4, 80.5 ± 4.5 and 78.5 ± 3.5 days in the above mentioned period. Compared to the wild habitat, captive environment in controlled weather and predation might improve hatching rates. This study suggests that conservation of this endangered species is possible by captive breeding and reintroduction program.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15398

Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 35-38

Anotated checklist of birds of Rajshahi University campus: An update

AM Saleh Reza, Md Ariful Hasan, Mosarraf Hossain, Selina Parween — Sat, 22 Jun 2013 00:00:00 +0000

The result of bird watching at Rajshahi University (RU) campus during a period from March 2008 to July 2012 is presented in this article. A total of 159 species of birds under 102 genera, 36 families and 13 orders were observed. Highest number of species (76) and genera (41) are passerines, of which the highest number of species belongs to Corvidae family. Among the non-passerines (83 species) maximum number of species is under the family Ardeidae. Three species remained unidentified. Among the birds of RU campus 121 species are residents of Bangladesh; 38 species are migratory, of which 29 are winter visitors, 2 are summer visitors and 7 are passage migrants. Maximum of the bird species are habitants of the open woods.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15399

Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 39-47

Embryonic development of the estuarine crab Neosarmatium indicum (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from the mangroves of the Okinawa Island, Japan

Md Moniruzzaman Sarker, Sirajul Islam, Tsuyoshi Uehara — Sat, 22 Jun 2013 00:00:00 +0000

The complete embryonic development of the mangrove sesarmid crab Neosarmatium indicum (A. Milne Edwards, 1868) was described based on internal and external morphological changes in live fertilized eggs reared in the laboratory. Several pairs of N. indicum were collected from the Nuha River mangrove swamp of the southern Okinawa Island, Japan, which is consisted mainly with the mangrove Kandelia candel, and densely populated by the genus Perisesarma and Neosarmatium indicum . The fertilized eggs were macrolecithal, centrolecithal and spherical in shape, filled with uniform dark olive colour, without evidence of any development. The diameter of fertilized egg was 0.36 mm, which increased to 0.47 mm before hatching. Embryo development from fertilized eggs to hatching (first zoea stage) lasted average of 16 days at 25°C and salinity at 80. Sixteen stages of embryonic development were categorized by following continuous observation using an optical DIC microscope equipped with digital camera, video camera and printer. After 24 hours of incubation, fertilized eggs became 32-celled stage of development. Before hatching, many chromatophores (mostly black) were evident in the abdominal segments and the telson of embryos. At the end of 16 days incubation, the zoea larvae were successfully hatched out, which were reared in the laboratory conditions for further development.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15400

Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 49-54

Physico-chemical variables and their effect on the growth performance of some major carps in some ponds of a matsaya gram (Fish village) in Natore

Md Shahadot Hossain, Mohd Mainul Haque — Sat, 22 Jun 2013 00:00:00 +0000

An experiment was carried out to asses the physico-chemical characteristics, water quality and fish growth suffered by pollution hazards created by unethical use of agrochemical in few ponds in a matsaya gram (fish fillage) in northern part of Bangladesh. The range of free CO₂, DO, HCO₃, CO₃ and p^Hwere 2-30mg/l, 3.14-11.86 mg/l, 86.31-143.84mg/l, 0 -50mg/l and 8.5-9.5 respectively. The BOD of the studied ponds found quite less than optimum level. The study of relationship between fish growth and the soil characters showed negative impact. It revealed that due to minimum rainfall the ponds were not washed out that could decrease the rate of pollution created from the nearest house and residual chemicals, those used in upland crop field beside it. But the ponds are still suitable for fish culture and should keep them at least in present position for good crop.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15401

Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 55-58

Screening of Derris indica Bennet. for cytotoxicity against Artemia salina and phytotoxicity on mustard seeds

Omar Ali Mondal, KAMSH Mondal, Nurul Islam, Ataur Rahman Khan — Sat, 22 Jun 2013 00:00:00 +0000

Chloroform extracts of the fruit shell, leaves, root bark, root wood, seeds, stem bark and stem wood of Derris indica Bennet. were tested against the brine shrimp, Artemia salina nauplii. All the test extracts of D. indica were found to be effective. The LC₅₀ values of the extracts were 15312.37, 92.074 and 29.661 ppm for the fruit shell; 60922.83, 61.522 and 23.777 ppm for the leaf; 15312.37, 51.477 and 19.169 ppm for the root bark; 2598.584, 30.480 and 8.260 ppm for the root wood; 545.025,26.730 and 7.719 ppm for the seed; 60922.83, 114.549 and 29.572 ppm for the stem bark and 7734.618, 58.501 and 23.694 ppm for the stem wood at 30 minute, 24 hours and 48 hours post exposures respectively at doses 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.125 and 1.563 ppm against A. salina . The toxicity of the extracts could be arranged in the order: seed > root wood > root bark> stem wood > leaf > fruit shell > stem bark extract. However, the extracts did not significantly inhibit the germination of mustard oil seeds, and thus its application to crops or to the crop field may not cause any harm to crop plants.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15402

Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 59-64

Non-protein nitrogen compound poisoning in cattle

Sat, 22 Jun 2013 00:00:00 +0000

The study was carried out in Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Chittagong to find out the causes of sudden death of cattle in the Military Dairy Farm, Chittagong. To explore the cause of death, clinical history, clinical signs were recorded. Finally, postmortem was done and samples were collected for laboratory diagnosis. The ruminal pH was 9.0 and the clinical history along with signs suggests possible non-protein nitrogenous compound poisoning. The laboratory diagnosis coincides with nitrate poisoning which focuses possible relationship between non-protein nitrogenous compound and nitrate poisoning. The study recommends maintaining proper cautions to use urea in concentrate feed.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15403

Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 65-68

Constraints and prospects of carp production in Rajshahi and Natore districts, Bangladesh

ABM Mohsin, MN Islam, MA Hossain, SM Galib — Sun, 23 Jun 2013 00:00:00 +0000

This study was conducted in Rajshahi and Natore districts of northern area of Bangladesh for a period of three years (2007 to 2009). One hundred carp ponds were selected randomly and fish farmers were interviewed to reveal the existing constraints and prospects. Ten percent farmers reported multiple ownership as a problem and 16% farmers stated that lease value of pond is too high which reducing their profit level. Lack of quality fish seeds was reported by 33% farmers which results in low growth and high mortality of fishes. Nine percent carp farmers reported that inorganic fertilizers were not giving expected performances. Thirty three percent carp farmers failed to apply required inputs in due time due to lack of sufficient credit. Plankton bloom was recorded in 18% ponds. Three percent fish farmers were found to be affected by flood and drought. Eight percent farmers reported non-severe attack of disease. Fish poaching and poisoning were revealed as major constraints. Thirty six percent farmers mentioned lack of technical supports. Due to found constraints, the farmers failed to use inputs and experiences properly resulted in unsatisfactory fish production (3598.72±785.83 kg/ha/yr) to the carp farmers. Further research efforts are recommended to assess the specific impacts of recorded constraints on fish production.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15435

Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 69-72

The efficacy of diatomaceous earth in mixed formulation with other dusts and an insecticide against the pulse beetles, Callosobruchus chinensis L. and Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)

Shah Hussain Ahmad Mahdi, M Khalequzzaman — Sun, 23 Jun 2013 00:00:00 +0000

Effectiveness of diatomaceous earth (DE) and other inert dusts (kaolin powder, paddy husk ash, coal ash, alluvial soil, china clay) and a dust formulation insecticide carbaryl have been tested on the pulse beetles Callosobruchus chinensis L. and C. maculatus (F.). The bioassay of the dusts was done on adult beetles by mixing them with normal food (lentil and black gram seeds). The LD₅₀ of the combined doses of mixtures for C. chinensis have been calculated as 12703.57 and 859.36 ppm for DE+ kaolin powder; 2432.78 and 274.00 ppm for DE+ paddy hush ash; 3430.036 and 426.16 ppm for DE+ coal ash; 12563.47 and 652.29 ppm for DE+ alluvial soil; 2242.81 and 325.76 ppm for DE+ china clay; and 21.33 and 14.45 ppm for DE+ carbaryl after 24 and 48 h after treatment respectively. The LD₅₀ of combined doses of different mixtures for C. maculatus have been calculated as 3640.65 and 503.74 ppm for DE+ kaolin powder; 54946.68 and 987.2394 ppm for DE + paddy hush ash; 61029.04 and 3229.436 ppm for DE+ coal ash; 61029 and 4265.599 ppm for DE+ alluvial soil; 4648.786 and 642.278 ppm for DE+ china clay; and 24.12017 and 15.47023 ppm for DE+ carbaryl after 24 and 48 h after treatment respectively. The co-toxicity coefficient has been calculated and all ratios showed synergistic action. The highest co-toxicity coefficient was recorded as 88885.15 and 92107.22 in DE+ carbaryl at 24 and 48 h after treatment for C. chinensis and 78615.55 and 86004.88 in DE+ carbaryl at 24 and 48 h after treatment for C. maculatus.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15436

Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 73-78

Prevalence and determination of occupational diseases of

MK Mohanta, AK Saha, M A Hasan — Sun, 23 Jun 2013 00:00:00 +0000

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15437

Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 79-82

Anatomy of digestive and respiratory system of Indian grey mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii)

SK Shil, BC Das, M Uddin, ML Rahman, MA Quasem — Sun, 23 Jun 2013 00:00:00 +0000

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15438

Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 83-84

Egg morphometric analyses in chickens and some selected birds

Md Ashraful Kabir, M Saiful Islam, Ripon Kumar Datta — Sun, 23 Jun 2013 00:00:00 +0000

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15439

Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 85-87

The time of embryonic axis formation in quail eggs

Md Anisur Rahman, Norio Yoshizaki — Sun, 23 Jun 2013 00:00:00 +0000

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15440

Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 89-90

Influence of farm conditions on the production of hygienic milk

MA Mutaleb, MB Rahman, N Huda, H Ullah, MB Hossain — Sun, 23 Jun 2013 00:00:00 +0000

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15441

Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 91-92