Oral Health Behavior and Status Among Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with significant systemic and oral complications. Poorly controlled diabetic patients are susceptible to periodontal disease, dental caries, and other oral pathologies. But the association of oral and dental diseases to diabetes mellitus has not received enough attention. However, oral health remains an overlooked aspect of diabetes management in Bangladesh. This study aimed to assess the oral health behavior and status of diabetic patients attending a non-government, secondary-level hospital in Bogra, Bangladesh. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 diabetic patients from January to December 2023. Data were collected using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire and clinical oral examination assessing DMFT(Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth) index and periodontal status. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 26.0, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Most respondents (53%) were female and within the 46–55-year age group. Only 33.5% demonstrated adequate oral health knowledge, and 77.5% brushed once daily. Interdental cleaning (3%) and dental visits (36.5%) were uncommon. Clinically, 53.5% exhibited DMFT ³3, and 23% had periodontitis. Significant associations were found between brushing frequency and both DMFT and periodontal status (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In this study diabetic patients generally exhibit poor oral health behavior and unsatisfactory oral status, only onethird of respondents had adequate knowledge of oral health. Regular oral hygiene, routine dental check-ups, and awareness about the oral complications of diabetes should be prioritized to improve overall health outcomes in this population.

Sir Salimullah Med Coll J 2025; 33: 32-36