Stamford Journal of Microbiology

Isolation of Indigenous Bacillus Spp. From Garden Soil To Decolorize Synthetic Textile Dyes

Tamanna Zerin — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Textile and clothing industries are major contributor to the economic growth in Bangladesh. Establishment of a number of such industries are imparting huge amount of industrial waste containing different types of chemicals including dyes. Pollutants generated from textile industries creates a huge burden on the environment. Textile industries discharge effluents containing various harmful chemicals including synthetic dyes that are very stable and a threat to living organisms. Bacillus spp. are remarkable bacteria which demonstrated potential to produce diverse kinds of metabolites for different uses. This study focuses on the potential use of Bacillus spp. isolated from the garden soil of Stamford University Bangladesh for decolorization of BemacronBlue RS (BB) and BemacronRed RS 01 (BR) dyes. Four Bacillus isolates were screened out from garden soil and named as 1B, 3A, 2C and 4B. Isolates were subjected to decolorization assay with 0.002 gm/l of BB and BR dyes. Bacillus spp. showed great potential in decolorizing BB and BR dyes, which was initiated after 2 days of incubation. Following 8 days of incubation, decolorization of BB was, 79%, 80%, 75%, 77% and BR was, 75%, 73%, 69%, 89% by the isolates 1B, 3A, 2C and 4B, respectively. This study shed some light on the potential use of indigenous garden bacteria for decolorization of textile dyes to control environmental pollution.

Stamford Journal of Microbiology, 2023. Vol. 13, Issue 1, p. 1-5

Variations In The Genotypic And Phenotypic Characteristics Of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (Mrsa) From Students Attending Poultry Farms In Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria

AC Ifediora, E Enya — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Staphylococcus aureus causes significant epidemiologic and therapeutic challenges with various skin and soft tissue infections, the main forms of disease manifestation. The public health importance of this organism has been heightened by the emergence and spread of species that are resistant to treatment usually referred to as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). This study was carried out to detect mecA and mecC genes in phenotypically determined MRSA isolates. Nasal swab samples of the subjects were cultured on mannitol salt agar and the isolates were identified as S. aureus using a combined morphological and biochemical characteristic. Antibiotic susceptibility profile was performed using the disk diffusion susceptibility method whilst phenotypic detection of MRSA isolates was by Cefoxitin disk diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines. Genomic DNA was extracted from the isolates using commercial kits. The extracted DNA was subjected to multiplex PCR to amplify the 163-bp and 188-bp fragment of the mecA and mecC genes respectively in a Pielter thermal cycler. The susceptibility pattern of MRSA isolates showed that the organisms were highly resistant to Augmentin 29 (93.5%), ceftazidime 18 (58.1%), Streptomycin 19 (76%) whilst high levels of susceptibility were seen for Ofloxacin 27 (87.1%), Levofloxacin 28 (90.3%), and Gentamicin 24 (77.4%). The antibiotic resistance profiles in MRSA isolates were recorded as follows: ciprofloxacin 6 (16.2%), Augmentin 32 (86.4%), erythromycin 13 (35.1%), Ceftazidime 22 (59.4%). Of the 10 MRSA isolates that were subjected to PCR, one isolate was found to harbor the 188-bp of mecC gene whilst mecA was absent from the screened isolates. The detection of mecC MRSA in the present study highlights the diagnostic importance of screening for mecC in mecA negative MRSA. We suggest that surveillance for MRSA should include screening for mecC gene where mecA is not detected in resistant isolates.

Stamford Journal of Microbiology, 2023. Vol. 13, Issue 1, p. 6-10

Antibiogram Profiling of Clinical Isolates From Several Renowned Diagnostic Centers In Dhaka City, Bangladesh

R Sultana, TJ Shorna, A Khatun, M Ferdous, C Mazumder, MA Uddin — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Antibiotic resistance is a global concern that has emerged in recent years due to inappropriate and indiscriminate use of antibiotics. It is important to follow the changes in this antibiotic resistance for the sake of better treatment and patient management. The aim of this study was to collect clinical isolates from some renowned diagnostic centers and to determine their susceptibility patterns in different age and sex groups of patients. Clinical samples from a number of patients with various infectious symptoms were selected and microbiologically analyzed. Antibiotic resistance patterns for 15 different antibiotics Amikacin, Azithromycin, Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, Cefuroxime, Erythromycin, Cefoxitin, Gentamicin, Imipenem, Linezolid, Meropenem, Norfloxacin, Piperacillin, Penicillin and Vancomycin were evaluated by the Agar-disc-diffusion method. The highest resistance of the studied pathogens to antimicrobials was seen against Azithromycin (100%) and Penicillin (100%) whereas the isolates were highly sensitive to Norfloxacin, Vancomycin, Linezolid and Cefoxitin.

Stamford Journal of Microbiology, 2023. Vol. 13, Issue 1, p. 11-14

Occurrence of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (Cre) Abhorring Bla Imp, Bla Kpc And Bla Oxa-48 Genes Recovered From Ready -To- Dispose Poultry Wastes In Osogbo, Osun State

Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The uncontrolled use of antimicrobials in animal husbandry such as poultry for prophylaxis reasons is to increase output for monetary gains which have led to several acquired community infections with high mortality and morbidity rates. This study is however aimed at investigating the occurrence, prevalence, and molecular detection of carbapenemase genes of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) bacteria isolated from poultry liters in Osogbo, Osun State Nigeria. Twenty ready-to-pack poultry waste samples were plated for the isolation of Enterobacteriaceae on MacConkey and Brilliance Escherichia coli agar. Disc diffusion method was employed for screening carbapenem resistant isolates while resistant genes were detected using carbapenem resistant gene primers. Forty-six Enterobacteriaeceae were isolated namely: Kluyvera ascorbate (28.3%), Klebsiella oxytoca (10.9%), Citrobacter koseri (8.7%), Klebsiella aereogenes, Raoultell (Klebsiella) planticola, Serratia nematodipila (6.5%), Trabulsiella laguamensis, Salmonella spp. (diarizonae), Proteus vulgaris, Citrobacter farmeri (4.3%), of which Edwardsiella tarda, Providencia rustigianii, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae, Cedecea lapagei, Serratia liquefaciens and Dickeyachry santhemi was (2.2%) respectively. 52.2% of the isolates were carbapenem resistant while 92% of the CRE had bla IMP genes. Only one CRE (Trabulsiella guamensis) was positive to bla KPC gene while four 16.6% of the isolates namely: Citrobacter koseri, Raoultell (Klebsiella) planticola, Serratia nematodipila, Citrobacter freundiu and Citrobacter koseri were positive to blaOXA-48 gene. Therefore, this study infers the high prevalence of CRE isolates in poultry litters as a public health concern for the indiscrimate use of carbapenem.

Stamford Journal of Microbiology, 2023. Vol. 13, Issue 1, p. 15-20

Incidence of Antibiotic Resistant Escherichia Coli In UTI Suspected Patients-A Single Centered Study

SR Chakraborty, MGS Shuvo — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The evaluation of antimicrobial sensitivity patterns has a significant role in prescribing antimicrobial drugs to treat patients suffering from urinary tract infections (UTIs). This study assessed the etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of the common uropathogens as those were detected in Dhaka, Bangladesh. This study was conducted following the culture and identification of pathogenic microorganisms from patients of all age groups and sexes. A total of 110 urine samples were collected from suspected UTI patients for culture and sensitivity as advised by the physicians. Female patients (76.4%) were dominant over male patients (23.6%) and patients were 0 to 90 years of age. From these samples, 25 Escherichia coli were isolated from culture-positive cases to determine antibiotic sensitivity patterns. Most of these isolates were resistant to Azithromycin (100%), Nalidixic Acid (80%), Cotrimoxazole (54%), Ciprofloxacin (44%) and Cefixime (44%). The present study emphasized the necessity of standard microbiological screening techniques to evaluate the etiological characteristics required to effectively treat UTI patients.

Stamford Journal of Microbiology, 2023. Vol. 13, Issue 1, p. 21-24

Bioremediation of Hexavalent Chromium By Bacteria Isolated From Buriganga River, Dhaka City

SM Osail, SI Sanny, MS Kabir — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Environmental pollution due to hexavalent chromium (Cr⁶⁺) is widespread because of the anthropogenic activities in various industrial processes, notably in leather tanning. Hexavalent chromium (Cr⁶⁺) is considered as highly toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic due to its high solubility in water, interaction with cellular proteins, and biological membrane permeability. Trivalent chromium (Cr³⁺), on the other hand, is less water-soluble, and relatively benign in nature. Thus, bioreduction of toxic Cr⁶⁺to relatively non-toxic Cr³⁺ by microorganisms can be an inexpensive and eco-friendly option for chromium bioremediation. In this regard, the present study attempted to isolate chromium-reducing bacteria from Buriganga River in order to assess their capability for chromium bioremediation. Ten chromium-tolerating bacterial isolates were successfully identified. The results revealed that these isolates, particularly strains of Bacillus subtilis, exhibited a remarkable ability to remove up to 89% of hexavalent chromium from the contaminated medium within three days of incubation.

Stamford Journal of Microbiology, 2023. Vol. 13, Issue 1, p. 25-29

Incidence of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria In Fish Sold In Local Market In Dhaka City

KK Das, R Sultana, F Akter, TA Siddiqui, F Feroz — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Present study was designed to evaluate the microbial contamination in fish (Olive Barb, Bele, Pale-Carplet, Pabo Catfish, Olive, Tangra, Gizzard, Nola, Tatkini, Corica Soborna) samples were collected from the several local market of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Most of the fish samples were found to be contaminated with huge number of micro-biota within the range of 10⁵ to 10⁶CFU/g. The maximum total viable bacterial (TVB) load was estimated observed in Pale Carplet (Amblypharyngodon mola) (4.8×10⁶CFU/g) and the lowest count was found (1.5×10⁵CFU/g) in tangra (Mystus spp.) Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. were present in olive barb, bele, tangra and gizzard while Salmonella spp. and Vibrio spp. were present in olive barb, bele, tangra and gizzard fish samples. Moreover, most of the isolated bacteria exhibited resistance against maximum antibiotics like trimethoprime/sulfamethoxazole (25 μg), erythromycin (15 μg), amoxicillin (30 μg), Ceftriaxon (30 μg), ciprofloxacin (5 μg), streptomycin (10 μg), Ampicillin (10 μg). Microbial contamination in the fish samples especially those were resistant to drugs may pose a serious threat to public health.

Stamford Journal of Microbiology, 2023. Vol. 13, Issue 1, p. 38-41

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (Apdt), An Approach To Fightback Against Antibiotic Resistance: A Short Review

ST Alam — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT), a novel tool for combating the drug resistant microorganisms which is combined with modern technologies and tools. The versatile and wide range of available photosensitizers (PS) and different wavelength light combinations opened so many ways to kill potential disease-causing pathogens. The research is developing so fast with the help of photochemistry, photobiology and photophysics. This is the beginning of new era of another antimicrobial solutions compared to conventional antibiotics. Many articles have published regarding studies on APDT and its applications. This method has shown successful eliminations of pathogenic microorganisms in skin, dental and foot infections as well as tumor or cancer treatment. The findings shared the knowledge of safe and resistance free alternative treatment of antibiotics which has clinical importance globally. This review highlights the concept, history, mechanisms, applications and the advantages of APDT.

Stamford Journal of Microbiology, 2023. Vol. 13, Issue 1, p. 30-37

Mitigation of Heavy Metal Pollution-An Overview Of Microbial Remediation And Prospect In Bangladesh

HE Sadia, MS Kabir — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

In the era of science and modern technology, environmental pollution is still the threat to survival of mankind. With the increasing urbanization process, anthropogenic sources of toxic heavy metals like mercury, lead, arsenic, chromium are also rising rapidly. Inadequate measures have been taken to mitigate the detrimental effects of such pollution. Among many mitigations process like physical, chemical and biological methods; microbial remediation is eco-friendly and cost-effective process and converts the toxic substances to the least toxic forms. By the blessing of modern science, various advanced molecular techniques (i.e. genetically modified organisms) can also be utilized. This review article summarizes the mitigation techniques of toxic heavy metals with emphasis to microbial remediation. However, more research is required to make them more expedient for mass use. Above all the remedies, cognition and circumspection are the exigent demands.

Stamford Journal of Microbiology, 2023. Vol. 13, Issue 1, p. 42-51