Journal of Scientific Research

Anticancer Activity of Kaempferol-3-O-β-D-(6″-coumaroyl)-Glucopyronoside from Euphorbia Hirta Flowers

R. Benjamin — 2024-01-01

Kaempferol-3-O-β-D- (6″-coumaroyl)-glucopyronoside flavonoid was extracted from the flower of Euphorbia Hirta. This compound was characterized by UV, ¹³C, and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The in-vitro anticancer study was performed using this flavonoid compound. Euphorbia Hirta flower showed good anticancer activity due to its higher content of flavonoids compound.

Bacterial Strain Improvement via Random Physical Mutation to Improve Phosphate Solubilization Efficiency for Sustainable Crop Growth

S. Damor — 2024-01-01

Phosphorus deficiency in soil due to cation-mediated fixation reduces agricultural output from otherwise fertile lands. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria can solubilize this immobilized phosphate. The goal of this study was to use random UV mutagenesis to improve the phosphate solubilizing efficiency of the bacterial strains isolated from agriculture soils of Jaipur, Rajasthan. The phosphate solubilizing capacity was determined using the colorimetric chlorostannous reduced molybdo phosphoric acid blue method. When UV treated for 40, 50, and 60 min. Strain B5 depicted 58.54 %, 133.27 %, and 159.09 % enhanced phosphate solubilization, respectively, in the phylogenetic tree constructed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the isolate B5 clustered with Pseudomonas putida strains. Thus wild strains such as Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp. can be mutagenically exploited to avail incapacitated phosphorus in soil. This can be an ecologically desired elucidation; however, more research is needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms involved and their repercussions.

2D ZIF-L(Zn) for Hybrid Copolymerization of Methyl Methacrylate and ε-Caprolactone under Solvent-free Medium

F. Yasmn — 2024-01-01

Herein, we report the hybrid copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and ε-caprolactone (CL). 2D metal-organic frameworks, ZIF-L as a robust polymerization catalyst, can catalyze this hybrid copolymerization. Though these monomers differ from each other in structure and activity, different characterization techniques (¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, GPC, DSC, fractional precipitation techniques) confirm that they form biodegradable block copolymer PMMA-b-PCL with high molecular weight (1190 kg/mol). Also, PXRD and SEM results of the recovered ZIF-L reveal that the catalyst ZIF-L is remarkably stable even after a long-time polymerization reaction with no significant loss in activity.

Intensification of Sonophotocatalytic Degradation of Ponceau S using Fe - Doped and Undoped ZnO Nano Catalyst

V. K. Mahajan — 2024-01-01

Fe-doped ZnO nano catalyst was synthesized by co-precipitation method. The intrinsic characteristics of a prepared nano Fe-doped ZnO catalyst were studied using a variety of techniques including powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). In this study, degradation of Ponceau S as a dye pollutant was investigated in the presence of ZnO and Fe-doped ZnO nano catalyst using sonolysis, photocatalysis, sonocatalysis and sonophotocatalysis. The UV light and ultrasonic probsonicator at 20 kHz and 150 W powers were used as an irradiation source. The effect of H₂O₂ on sonocatalytic, photocatalytic and sonophotocatalytic degradation was investigated. At optimum conditions the dye degradation efficiency was influenced by addition of H₂O₂, the highest dye degradation was obtained as 98 % by US+UV+Fe-doped ZnO+H₂O₂for 40 mg/L dye concentration after 90min. The experimental kinetic data followed the pseudo-first order model in doped and undoped sonocatalytic, photocatalytic and sonophotocatalytic processes but the rate constant of sonophotocatalysis is higher than sonocatalysis and photocatalysis process. The sonophotocatalysis was always faster than the respective individual processes due to the more formation of reactive radicals as well as the increase of the active surface area of nano catalyst.

A Spatio-Temporal Groundwater Fluoride Contamination Assessment to Infer the Hydro-geochemical Analysis of Punjab Satluj Floodplain

K. Harsimrat — 2024-01-01

Punjab Satluj Floodplain is a Hydro-geologically, ecologically, and economically very precious resource-rich landscape. This area is fragile due to flood risk; since its inception, it has attracted lots of economic and sociocultural activities that adversely affect hydro-geochemical conditions. Spatial and statistical analysis of land use and land cover change reveals that from 1975 to 2011, this landscape experienced 56.55 % land use and land cover transformation. Maximum transformation is noticed in the agricultural and built-up areas. In 1975, agricultural and built-up areas covered 47057.11 hectares (45.13 %) and 469.5 hectares (0.45 %), respectively, of the Punjab Satluj floodplain, which was expanded and covered 91011.36 hectares (87.28 %) and 6495.7 hectares (6.24 %) respectively in 2011. Adversities of these values can be estimated from the groundwater contamination analysis that reveals the specific electrical conductance (EC), nitrate (NO3), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and fluoride (F) contamination in the water exceed its permissible consumption limits and effects ecological health. The present research work is the epigram of the hydrogeochemical condition of the Punjab Satluj floodplain concerning the spatial distribution of fluoride contamination and its proximate causes.

Investigation of the Photocatalytic Activity of Carbon Doped TiO₂ for Photodegration of Methylene Blue

J. S. Bharambe — 2024-01-01

Nanoparticles of pure TiO₂and carbon doped TiO₂(at various concentrations 1, 2, 3 and 4 %) were synthesised by Sol gel method using titanium butoxide and glucose as a precursors for Titanium dioxide and carbon respectively. The samples were calcinated at 500 °C. Photocatalytic activity of the samples was tested for photodegradation of methylene blue dye. Morphological and elemental analysis of the samples were carried out using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), X-ray diffraction and micro-raman spectroscopy while for optical characterization UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra were employed. Results of all samples indicated crystallite growth in a tetragonal structure with the variation in crystallite size in the range 9 nm to 12.6 nm with increase in the concentration of dopant in TiO₂. Diffused reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) analysis indicated that the band gap of all doped TiO₂ nanoparticles is lesser than that of the pure TiO₂ whereas 4C-TiO₂ showed smallest band gap (2.98 eV). The maximum photocatalytic activity was observed with 4C-TiO₂ among all the samples.

Synthesis of New Mn(II), Co(II) and Cu(II) Complexes Grabbed in Novel Functionalized Ionic Liquid Tagged Schiff base: Physico-chemical Properties and Antibacterial Applications

S. Saha — 2024-01-01

An ionic liquid tagged schiff base, [1-{2-(2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)ethyl}-3-methylimidazolium]PF₆was synthesized from a functionalized ionic liquid (FIL) 2-aminoethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [2-aemim]PF₆ and salicylaldehyde without using any organic solvent. The Schiff base was used as a ligand to trap Mn(II), Co(II), Cu(II) ions from its corresponding metal acetates and to form the new transition metal complexes. The synthesized Mn(II), Co(II), Cu(II) complexes along with the Schiff base were characterized by ESI-MS, PXRD, UV-Visible, FT-IR,¹H NMR spectroscopic and analytical (elemental analysis and magnetic susceptibility measurements) methods. Based on these spectral analysis data tetra coordinated geometries were assigned for the newly synthesized metal(II) complexes. Antibacterial sensitivity of the Schiff base and the Mn(II), Co(II), Cu(II) complexes were evaluated against gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria to assess their minimum zone of inhibition.

Antibacterial Evolution of ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized via Wet-Chemical Method

A. Satheesh — 2024-01-01

In present days the essentiality of antibiotics is a big challenge for public health because of the spreading of infections severely. Nano metal oxides show effective antibacterial activity and are non-toxic compared to organic anti-microbes because of their high surface area to volume ratio. Nano ZnO is one of the most emerging nano metal oxides that has been used in various applications such as fire retard, anti-microbe, anti-wrinkle, etc. Nano zinc oxide was synthesized by the wet chemical process using zinc nitrate hexahydrate as a precursor. The synthesized nano ZnO powder was subjected to characterization to know the morphology and physical properties. FTIR analysis was employed for the identification of functional group, X-ray diffraction is to identify the crystalline structure, SEM-EDX analysis is employed to determine the morphological structure and size of the synthesized nanoparticles and elemental confirmation, and TEM is used to determine the particle size and shape of synthesized nanoparticles. The synthesized nano ZnO is screened for its antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis by disc diffusion method.

Expedited Synthesis and Comprehensive Characterization of Oxomorpholine-Imidazole Derivatives: Unraveling their Remarkable Antimicrobial Activity

S. M. Sitapara — 2024-01-01

This research focuses on synthesizing aromatic or heteroaromatic compounds with potential pharmaceutical and medicinal applications. Imidazole derivatives have garnered significant attention due to their versatile therapeutic potential, encompassing a broad spectrum of diseases, including cancer, bacterial infections, fungal infections, and malaria. To accomplish this, we have developed an efficient synthetic route to explore a diverse array of 2-((1,4-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)thio)-N-(4-(3-oxomorpholino)phenyl) acetamide derivatives. The structural elucidation of the synthesized compounds was carried out using advanced techniques, including ¹H and ¹³C NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Furthermore, the oxo morpholino-imidazole derivatives synthesized in this study were further employed to produce diverse chemotherapeutic agents with significant potential for clinical applications.

Glucose Functionalized Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Protein Detection and Separation

SK. Basiruddin — 2024-01-01

Iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) are considered to be emergent nanoparticles for magnetic separation and MRI imaging probes. Here, glucose-functionalized iron oxide (γ-Fe₂O₃) magnetic nanoparticles have been prepared for specific protein detection and separation. First, hydrophobic iron oxide (γ-Fe₂O₃) was synthesized by standard organometallic approaches, and the same has been converted to soluble, colloidally stable, hydrophilic primary amine (-NH₂)-PEG terminated iron oxide (γ-Fe₂O₃) nanoparticles using reverse micelle based robust polyacrylate coating chemistry. Then, glucose was covalently linked to this amine (-NH₂)-PEG terminated iron oxide (γ-Fe₂O₃) nanoparticles by using glutaraldehyde-based coupling chemistry. Finally, glucose-functionalized iron oxide (γ-Fe₂O₃) nanoparticles have been used for specific detection and separation of a glycoprotein, Concanavalin-A.

Effect of Calcined Eggshell Particles on Some Properties and Microstructure of Al-Si-Mg Alloy

S. C. Eze — 2024-01-01

In this study, different sizes (25, 50, and 75 µm) and volume fractions (1, 2, and 3 wt%) of calcined eggshell particles were utilized to strengthen the Al-Si-Mg alloy. Several experimental runs were conducted to assess the impact of particle size and concentration on both physical properties (density, corrosion, and thermal conductivity) and mechanical properties (hardness, yield strength, impact energy, and modulus of elasticity). The findings revealed significant enhancements in hardness (21 %), yield strength (61 %), modulus of elasticity (43 %), and thermal conductivity (34 %). Conversely, a reduction of 62 % in impact strength and 8 % in density was observed. The corrosion rate displayed an increase from 0 to 16.67 mpy. Analysis using XRD and XRF techniques identified CaO and Al₂O₃ as the primary constituents of the eggshell. Optical micrographs consistently showed cored (segregated) dendritic structures typical of castings cooled under normal conditions in the Al-Si-Mg composite. SEM micrographs, EDS spectra, and area analyses confirmed a uniform distribution of Calcined Eggshell Particles (CEP) within the composite films. Additionally, an optimal calcination condition for the eggshell particles was determined to be 900 °C for 2.5 h, resulting in a CaO yield of 99.62 %.

Anisotropic Bianchi Type VI₀ Cosmological Models in a Modified f(R,T) Gravity

M. R. Ugale — 2024-01-01

We investigate the spatially homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi type VI₀cosmological models with modified Holographic Ricci Dark Energy subjected to f(R,T) gravity. We have obtained the solution of the field equations with the help of the power law relation among the scale factors. Dynamical parameters are calculated by using the connection between pressure and energy density. The kinematical implications of the models are also examined. Graphical presentation of different cosmological parameters is shown for distinct values of the parameter of the model

Numerical Solution of Cahn-Allen Equations by Wavelet Based Lifting Schemes

L. M. Angadi — 2024-01-01

The Cahn-Allen equation is a reaction-diffusion equation of mathematical physics that describes the process of phase separation in multi-component alloy systems and order-disorder transitions. This paper presented a numerical solution of Cahn-Allen equations by Lifting scheme using different wavelet filter coefficients. The numerical results obtained using this scheme are compared with the exact solution to demonstrate the accuracy and fast convergence in less computational time than the existing scheme. Some problems are taken to show the validity and applicability of the scheme.

Effect of Different Compositions of Mixed Metal Oxides (Zinc Oxide and Tin Oxide) on Structural and Optical Properties for the Application of Window Layers in Solar Cells

A. Khandelwal — 2024-01-01

Thin films of composite Zinc Tin Oxide (ZTO) are grown on glass substrates by thermal vapor evaporation. Thin films with different ratios of ZnO: SnO₂= (90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50) wt% were prepared and annealed at 500 °C for 2 h. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns reveal that the ZTO films have become polycrystalline as we increase the percentage of tin oxide. The crystallinity of films also increases significantly. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) results indicate that the percentage of tin oxide changes the film's morphology. UV visible spectroscopy of the films indicates that the band gap is reduced with the increased percentage of tin oxide in the mixture, and transmittance is also decreased at a higher percentage. The transmittance of the films ranges from 90 to 83 %, while the band gap falls within the range of 3.90 to 3.40 eV. These characteristics make the films well-suited for solar cell window layers.

Resource Aware Orthogonal Projected Regressive MapReduce Lottery Load Balancing in Cloud Computing

M. Ellakkiya — 2024-01-01

Cloud Computing is an internet-based network technology that provides various services and requirements to customers through online computing resources. In the cloud, Load balancing is the most significant issue that includes both hardware and software platforms for the execution of demand of the user request. Furthermore, for handling multiple user requests, load balancing is necessary. Therefore, an efficient load-balancing technique is required to optimize and ensure user satisfaction by utilizing the virtual machine's resources efficiently. A novel Orthogonal Projected Regressive MapReduce Lottery Load Balancing (PORLOB) technique is introduced for resource-efficient task scheduling with minimal Makespan and complexity. In the PORLOB technique, many cloud user requests are transmitted to the cloud server from different locations. The load balancer uses the index table for maintaining the virtual machines. The MapReduce function includes two steps, namely, map and reduce. Based on the resource estimation, the map function performs the regression analysis and provides three resource statuses of the virtual machine: overloaded, less loaded, and balanced. In the reduction phase, the load balancer uses the lottery scheduling technique to balance the workload by migrating the task from an overloaded Virtual Machine to a less-loaded VM.

Prediction of Decay Modes for Superheavy Nuclei with Magic Number of Neutrons and Protons

G. M. C. V. Bai — 2024-01-01

The Cubic plus Yukawa plus Exponential (CYE) model has been used to study the different decay properties of Superheavy nuclei ^298,310114, ^306,318122, ^308,310124, ^310,322126 and compared them with the available theoretical and experimental values. Here, the half-lives of several clusters have been computed that have not yet been detected experimentally. Hopefully, this will assist future research in this area. As a result of comparing the three different decay modes (α-decay, cluster radioactivity and spontaneous fission), it was possible to predict the predominant decay modes of Superheavy nuclei.

Statistical Signature and Its Theoretical Implication in Hot Jupiter Population

S. Mondal — 2024-01-01

Hot Jupiters, a special class of exoplanets, always draw attention due to their intriguing characteristics. In this paper, we have continued our endeavor to understand the distribution of hot Jupiter populations and the architecture of planetary systems through the statistical framework. Different techniques to discover hot Jupiters have been studied here, and current data suggested that the transit method has better chances of discovering light and short-period candidates. Relation between orbital eccentricity and other planetary parameters like mass and orbital periods have been investigated to support the existence of a discontinuity in planetary mass distribution at ~4 M_J. A low p-value in the KS test indicates the existence of two different populations of hot Jupiters having a possibly different channel of formation. We also discussed these statistical results' theoretical and empirical implications for dynamical evolution.

An Inflated Modelling of Zero Truncated Poisson Ailamujia Distribution and Its Application to Child Mortality and Genetics Count Data

A. Agarwal — 2024-01-01

In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop a model as Inflated form of zero truncated Poisson Ailamujia distribution. The proposed model involved two parameters, estimated by the maximum likelihood estimation method and derived as an expression of the Fisher Information Matrix. To evaluate the adequacy and applicability of the proposed model, it is applied to real data sets on child mortality and genetic count data.

Study of A Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Mesogen by Geometrical Optimization and Electro-Optic Characterization

D. Goswami — 2024-01-01

In the present work one biphenyl benzoate cored liquid crystal was characterized using geometrical optimization and electro-optic study. Geometry of the molecule was optimized using Hartree-Fock method with 3-21G basis. The simulated value of molecular length and dipole moment was reported. The Infrared (IR) spectra were also simulated and analyzed. The energy gap between highest occupied molecular orbit (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbit (LUMO) was calculated. The phase transition temperatures and phase sequences were identified by observing the topological defects in the optical textures at different temperatures under polarizing microscope. It exhibited ferroelectric smectics C* (SmC*) phase for a wide range of temperature and then directly melted into isotropic phase. The optical tilt angle of the compound was measured in SmC* phase and was fitted with mean field model to explore the nature of phase transition. The applicability of the compound for display applications were judged based on the parameters measured.

Solar Plasma Structures and Solar Wind Plasma Turbulences in Relation with Geomagnetic Disturbances during Decline Phase of Solar Cycle 24 and Rising Phase of Solar Cycle 25

S. Kumar — 2024-01-01

We have studied the effect of solar structures and turbulences in solar wind plasma on the Earth's magnetosphere during the decline phase of solar cycle 24 and the rising phase of solar cycle 25. Most CMEs are geoeffective, cause geomagnetic storms, and are associated with C-class and M-class solar flares (S.F.s). It is also observed that these geomagnetic storms are associated with disturbances in solar wind plasma parameters. We have determined a large positive correlation with a correlation coefficient of 0.68, 0.58, 0.65, and 0.63 between the magnitude of the extensive geomagnetic storms and the peak value of IMF B_total, the magnitude of IMF B_total, the peak value of disturbances in the southward component of interplanetary magnetic fields (IMF Bz), and magnitude of disturbances in the southward component of interplanetary magnetic fields (IMF Bz). The correlation coefficient of 0.61 is higher between the magnitude of Dst and the magnitude of SWPT, as compared with the magnitude of flow pressure (0.39). From the present work, we have concluded that solar plasma structures and solar wind turbulences are mainly responsible for generating extensive geomagnetic storms.

Anisotropic L. R. S. Bianchi type-V Cosmological Models with Bulk Viscous String within the Framework of Saez-Ballester Theory in Five-Dimensional Spacetime

J. Daimary — 2024-01-01

When the source for the energy-momentum tensor is a bulk viscous fluid containing one-dimensional cosmic strings, a spatially homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi type-V cosmological model is considered in this paper in a scalar-tensor theory of gravitation proposed by Saez-Ballester, we derive a determinate solution utilizing the plausible physical conditions: (i) the scalar of spacetime expansion is proportional to the shear scalar; (ii) the baratropic equation of state for pressure and density; and (iii) the bulk viscous pressure is related to the energy density. The model's physical and kinematic features are also discussed.

MHD Couette Flow of Viscoelastic Fluid Between Upright Permeable Plates with Energy Dissipation

U. J. Das — 2024-01-01

This study investigates the unsteady, magnetohydrodynamic, incompressible, Couette flow of viscoelastic fluid through equidistant upright plates in the presence of permeable media, continuous heat fluxes, heat source, and energy dissipation. The flow is restricted by the flow between two equidistant upright plates, one moving and the other at rest, and the formation of free convection due to a fixed wall at a time-dependent temperature, while heat flow is constant on the wall moving upwards in its plane. The problem is solved analytically, and the expression for velocity and temperature are derived. The effect of numerous physical parameters on the flow is discussed. The local skin friction is also represented graphically, and the Nusselt number is given in the table.

Design of Home Automation System with Emergency Control

R. V. Mishra — 2024-01-01

In today's society, there is a growing demand for smart home solutions that not only enhance convenience but also make a significant impact on affordability and widespread adoption. This paper describes the proposed design of a Node MCU-based Home Automation system with an integrated Wi-Fi module that enables internet-based remote control of home devices. The design utilizes a basic code template to connect with the Tasmota Web interface to configure the ESP module. The system is integrated with Alexa, offering various integration options such as routines, schedules and alarms. Furthermore, it adds a manual control feature for situations where there is no internet connection and an additional level of safety through emergency controls in the event of electronic failure. A comparison of energy usage with and without the use of the proposed system is also reported. A noticeable decrease in daily electricity consumption is observed on using the designed automation system. To ensure cost-effectiveness, locally available components are utilized in the design. Consequently, it ensures that enhanced comfort, convenience, and control over one's living environment are available to a wider audience.

Mathematical Analysis of Fractional Diabetes Model via an Efficient Computational Technique

V. M. Batchu — 2024-01-01

Diabetes is referred to a chronic metabolic disease signalized by elevated levels of blood glucose (also known as blood sugar level), which results over time in serious damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves in the body. A mathematical assessment of the diabetes model using the Caputo fractional order derivative operator is given in this research paper. The concept of a Caputo fractional order derivative is a novel class of non-integer order derivative that has many applications in real-life scenarios. The proposed model is represented by a set of fractional ordinary differential equations. The authors employed the Sumudu Transform Homotopy Perturbation Method (STHPM) for finding the series solutions of the model being studied. By giving various numerical values to the respective model parameters, graphical analysis is also performed. It is observed in the numerical discussion that a decrease in both fractional order and leads to decrease in the number of diabetic people.

Investigation of Site Dependent Donor-Acceptor (Al-N) Doping Effect into ZnO for Optoelectronic Applications

M. A. Sayed — 2024-01-01

In this study, the density functional theory (DFT) is used to investigate the effect of the incorporation of Al (donor) in the Zn-site and N (acceptor) in the O-site of ZnO. The detailed theoretical study highlights the confirmation of p-type conductivity and bandgap (0.58 and 0.21 eV) narrowing exhibits in N- and (Al-N)-doped ZnO systems. p-type nature is explicitly observed by introducing acceptor bands at the top of the valance band (VB). Whereas, degenerate n-type conductivity is seen in Al-doped ZnO and a widened bandgap of 2.70 eV is attributed to Burstein-Moss (BM) effect. The calculated value of the effective mass of the (Al-N)-doped ZnO system is lower than that of the un-doped ZnO. Enhancement of the absorption and photoconductivity in the visible region for N- and (Al-N)-doped ZnO could be due to the availability of more density of states. Importantly, reflectivity, refractive index, transmittance, dielectric constants, and optical band gap have also been calculated. Higher transmittance of the samples suggested that these could be suitable for the window material of solar cells. The optical bandgap value supports the electronic bandgap value. Therefore, our finding would be helpful to design high-performance homo-junction based electronic and optoelectronic devices.

A Compact Novel Quad Patch High Gain Triple Band Microstrip Antenna for 5G/6G mm Wave Applications

R. K. Singh — 2024-01-01

This paper presents a compact, novel, quad patch and triple band single substrate microstrip patch antenna for 5G/6G mm wave applications. The aim is to design an antenna within the K-band with three resonance frequencies at 24, 29, and 34 GHz. The antenna is designed on a volumetric dimension of 11×12.7×1.6 mm³. The substrate used is FR4 (dielectric constant 4.4), having a loss tangent of 0.0022. A microstrip line of width 1 mm for a 50 Ω impedance line is used to match with the load antenna, which has four rectangular connected patches. Patch dimensions come from standard antenna equations and simulation done on Ansys High-Frequency Structure Simulator software. Validation of simulated results is done through measurements on the prototype antenna. A substantial good agreement is found between the simulated and measured results. The gain of the proposed antenna is 6.16 dBi, with return loss being ≤-10 dB. Bandwidths are 1.1 GHz (23.8 - 24.9 GHz), 0.9 GHz (28.6 - 29.5 GHz), and 0.8 GHz (33.7 – 34.5 GHz), respectively. The far-field radiation characteristics of both E-plane and H-plane are also reported. The proposed design is suitable for mm wave applications, including smart vehicles, global positioning systems, radio frequency identifications, etc.

Nano Fuzzy Z - Open Sets and its Application in Nano Fuzzy Topological Space

P. Rajwade — 2024-01-01

This research aims to define and investigate the properties of Nano fuzzy Z-open explicitly sets defined in Nano fuzzy topological spaces. Also, there is an attempt to define Nano fuzzy Z-closure Nano fuzzy Z-interior in Nano fuzzy topological spaces. The work has grown by incorporating Nano fuzzy δ open sets, Nano fuzzy δ semi-open sets, Nano fuzzy δ semi-open sets, and Nano fuzzy δ pre-open sets. Also, the work has been concluded with a numerical application of the Nano fuzzy score function in the medical field (to check the proper diagnosis of disease and drug combinations given to the patient).

Fair Detour Domination in the Corona of Two Graphs: Optimizing CCTV Camera Installation for Efficient Surveillance

D. J. Ebenezer — 2024-01-01

The objective of our research is to analyze the properties of FDD sets in the corona of two graphs and explore their practical application in CCTV camera installation. A set F ⊆ V(G) is considered to be a Fair Detour Dominating set (FDD-set) if it is detour dominating and the number of neighbors within set F is the same for any pair of vertices outside of F. Among these FDD sets, the fγ_d-set refers to the FDD-set with the smallest number of vertices, and its order defines the Fair Detour Domination number (fγ_d (G)). We have established that for any arbitrary graphs G₁ and G₂, fγ_d (G₁ o G₂) = |V(G₁) iff fd(G₂) = 1 we have determined the fγ_d number of corona products of any connected graph G with the path graph as well as the cycle graph. We also characterized FDD sets in the corona product of two connected graphs and provided a thorough description of how FDD sets can be used in optimizing CCTV camera installation for efficient surveillance.

Modeling and Simulation of Semiactive and Active Suspension System using Quarter Car Model

V. Barethiye — 2024-01-01

A passive suspension system is used by the automotive industry to control the motion of the vehicle. Nowadays, semiactive and active suspension systems are a requirement of commercial vehicles to improve performance characteristics and road comfort. The objective of the paper is to present a comprehensive analysis of passive, semiactive, and active suspension systems. The fuzzy logic controller is used to present the active suspension system. The characteristic of the shock absorber (damper) is non-linear and hysteresis in nature. Hence, a Magneto-rheological (MR) damper-based Bouc-Wen model is utilized to present the semiactive suspension. The comparative analysis of vehicle suspension characteristics has been carried out by using a bump road profile. The modeling of the Bouc-Wen model and quarter car system is carried out in the Simulink environment. The simulated results show that the semiactive and active suspension systems can be a better option for vehicle suspension systems to provide passengers with road comfort.