Journal of the Medical College for Women & Hospital
Published by Medical College for Women & Hospital, Dhaka. Full-text articles available. Articles in the Journal of the Medical College for Women & Hospital are Open Access articles published under the Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND License Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.This license permits Share— copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
Challenges regarding the provision of antibiotics via the informal sector across low- and middle-income countries and potential ways forward
Abstract not available J Med Coll Women Hosp.2026; 22(1): 14-30
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of the Medical College for Women & Hospital https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Quality Assurance in Medical Education: The Impact of Accreditation in Bangladesh
Abstract not available J Med Coll Women Hosp.2026; 22(1):31-33
Comprehensive Review of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination Recommendations for Boys and Young Men
Human papillomavirus (HPV) , a most common infection transmitted sexually, has significant implications for both males and females. It includes genital warts and a range of anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. While early vaccination efforts primarily targeted girls to reduce cervical cancer rates, increasing recognition of HPV-related diseases in boys and young men has prompted major changes in vaccination guidelines. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the importance of and current recommendations regarding HPV vaccination in males. Boys and young men are at risk for disfiguring and psychologically distressing genital warts, as well as malignant outcomes including anal and penile cancers. Furthermore, males contribute a significant part in the transmission of HPV to sexual partners, underscoring the population-level benefits of widespread immunization. Clinical studies demonstrate high efficacy of HPV vaccines when administered before exposure, and current recommendations from agencies such as the CDC, ACIP, and AAP endorse routine vaccination for boys starting at ages 11–12, with catch-up vaccination up to age 26, and special attention to individuals with HIV and men having sexual encounters with partners from their own gender. Vaccine schedules have recently been updated, with evidence supporting a one-dose regimen for individuals under 25 years of age. Available vaccines protect against the major oncogenic types (16 and 18) and those causing most genital warts (6 and 11), with broader protection offered by the nonavalent vaccine. The adoption of routine HPV vaccination in boys and young men promises to reduce disease burden and transmission, and ongoing research and educational initiatives remain key to optimizing public health impact. J Med Coll Women Hosp.2026; 22(1): 178-187
Abnormal expression of miRNA-21 and other miRNAs involved in polycystic ovary syndrome and the implications for public health especially in low- and middle-income countries
Background: MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules crucial in regulating gene expression. In Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, miRNA-21 and other miRNAs have been consistently reported as dysregulated, contributing to its pathophysiology. In PCOS, these are commonly altered (either raised or lowered) in ovarian cells and blood and this alteration can lead to the abnormal development of follicles, inflammation and hormone imbalance, which are major issues in PCOS. As a result, a potential biomarker for this condition that is associated with considerable morbidity. The development of potential biomarkers is important in developing countries such as Pakistan with high prevalence rates of up to 52% in Pakistani women of reproductive age as well as high co-payments impacting on seeking care. This is a key public health consideration in developing countries where multiple visits may be needed before a diagnosis of PCOS is made. Consequently, there is a need to consolidate current evidence to provide future direction. Materials and Method: A systematic review including studies showing that miRNA-21 and other miRNAs are involved in dysregulation in women with PCOS, including studies analyzing ovarian tissue and blood samples, and providing public health guidance building on co-author experience. Results: 52 studies were involved in the review. The dysregulation of miRNA-21 in PCOS is associated with altered hormonal levels, particularly elevated androgens, and insulin resistance. The overexpression of miRNA-21 is believed to contribute to metabolic disturbances commonly observed in PCOS patients. Overall, miRNAs have emerged as potential biomarkers for diagnosing PCOS due to their significant role in associate metabolic and hormonal alterations. Conclusion: The findings from this study provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of PCOS and the potential for miRNA-21as a biomarker and therapeutic target. This is crucial in developing countries such as Pakistan to address the challenges associated with diagnosing and managing PCOS. Other approaches are also needed to improve the mental health, and reduce morbidity, in this vulnerable group. J Med Coll Women Hosp.2026; 22(1): 188-220
Timely meticulous wound debridement, regular dressing and appropriate antibiotics can make primary internal fixation a possibility in gunshot-induced open Gustilo IIIa tibia fracture: A case study
The incidence of gunshot injuries to long bones is growing, and orthopedic surgeons should be more aware of the treatment and consequences of these injuries. Various treatment modalities are there to manage these types of gunshot-induced open long bone fractures. High-energy firearm injuries to the tibia are especially complex due to the bone’s subcutaneous location, predisposing it to extensive soft tissue damage, contamination, and delayed union. Most interventions involve staged surgery that is temporary stabilization with external fixator followed by meticulous wound management. After satisfactory wound care, definitive fracture fixation is performed through various types of implants, like- plates or intramedullary nails in the subsequent surgery. Sometimes, primary internal fixation is possible by timely and meticulous wound debridement followed by regular wound dressing and appropriate antibiotics. Here we report the case of a 24-year-old male who sustained a high-energy gunshot injury to the right upper leg during a political conflict. The projectile caused an open comminuted proximal tibial fracture with sizable entry and exit wounds. Initial management included hemorrhage control, broad-spectrum antibiotics, urgent debridement, and limb immobilization. Culture-guided antimicrobial therapy and supportive care were provided. Once a healthy granulating wound bed was achieved, definitive internal fixation with a locking plate was performed on day 10. The patient’s postoperative recovery was uneventful, showing gradual wound healing and radiographic callus formation. This case underscores the importance of prompt debridement, appropriate anti-biotherapy, and timely stabilization in managing Gustilo IIIA open tibial fractures caused by gunshot injuries. Multidisciplinary care and staged surgical intervention play a critical role in optimizing outcomes, thus avoiding multiple operations in such high-energy firearm-associated limb trauma. J Med Coll Women Hosp.2026; 22(1): 165-171
An Elderly Woman with Recurrent Vesico-bullous & Crusted Lesions in Flexural Parts of The Body: A Case Report on Hailey-Hailey Disease in Bangladesh
Hailey- Hailey Disease (HHD), a rare genetic skin disorder, is inherited as autosomal dominant pattern. Abnormal epithelial cell adhesion due to altered calcium metabolism is the main pathology of the disease. Persistently recurrent, pruritic, painful, flaccid vesicles, bulla, pustules with crusted and erosive plaques along with maceration and fissuring are the clinically characteristic features of the disease which involve the neck, axilla, flexures and groins. the onset of the disease is common in late tensor early twenties. Characteristic clinical presentation and histopathological findings of “dilapidated brick wall” – are the aids to establish the diagnosis. Here we report a case of a 59-year-old woman with recurrent attack with the features consistent with HHD with positive family history and specific histopathological findings helped us to reach the final diagnosis. J Med Coll Women Hosp.2026; 22(1): 172-177
Dietary Habits among students of a medical college
Background: Some of the major human health problems being confronted in this era are cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. It is recognized that having proper dietary habits is the best methods for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.Aim: To observe the dietary habits of medical students.Materials and Method: This Cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Public Health and life sciences, University of South Asia, Dhaka from January 2021 to June 2021. 200 medical students of Parkview Medical College age ranging from 18-23years are considered as study group. A structured questionnaire was used to collect and record the information on age, sex & dietary habits. Results: The result observed that out of 200; 57 students (28.5%) didn’t take fruits as snacks, 63 students (31.5%) preferred fast food weekly 3-4times and 96 students (48%) preferred fast food sometimes. Among 200 study population 96 students (48%) drink tea/ coffee once a day, 83 students (41%) twice a day and 178 study subjects (89%) preferred mix veg and non-veg diet. Out of 200 students, 173 students (86.5%) take main meal 2times/day, 66 students (33%) take breakfast within 8am, 103 students (51.5%) take breakfast within 9am, 17 students (8.5%) take breakfast within 10am, 14 students (7%) take breakfast after 10am, 22 students (11%) take lunch at1pm, 76 students (38%) take lunch at 2pm, 79 students (39.5%) take lunch at 3am, 30 students (15%) take dinner at 9pm, 106 students (53%) take dinner at 10pm and 64 students (32%) take dinner after 10pm.Conclusion: The study found that, most of the students, in general, had nearly healthy eating habits except in frequency of meals, fruit and vegetable consumption and consumption of fatty and junk foods but the timing and number of meal is not satisfactory. Despite, being aware of the importance of a proper dietary habit on health, the medical students nevertheless, did not implement theory into practice properly. J Med Coll Women Hosp.2026; 22(1): 34-41
Comparison between Transvaginal Ultrasonography and Laparoscopic Findings of Pelvic Pathology in Subfertile Patient
BACKGROUND: Subfertility, a growing global issue, arises from diverse gynecological factors including pelvic pathologies. While laparoscopy is the diagnostic gold standard, it is invasive and costly. Transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) offers a less invasive, affordable alternative, yet its diagnostic accuracy for pelvic pathology in subfertile women requires validation.Aim:To assess and compare the detection of gross pelvic pathology in subfertile women by TVS and laparoscopy.Materials and Method:This cross-sectional study enrolled 100 subfertile women aged 20–40 years at Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) General Hospital, Dhaka, from January to December 2015. All underwent TVS followed by diagnostic laparoscopy. Data collection included clinical examination, sonography, and surgical findings.Results: The study included women aged 20–40 years, predominantly between 26 and 35 years. Among them, 61% had primary and 39% had secondary subfertility. TVS identified a normal uterus in 66% and fibroids in 14% of cases, comparable to laparoscopy findings (76% normal uterus, 14% fibroids). TVS detected normal ovaries in 56% and polycystic changes in 32%, while laparoscopy detected 40% and 38%, respectively. Fallopian tubes were visualized in 96% by TVS and 84% by laparoscopy. However, TVS failed to detect peritubular adhesions visible in 14% by laparoscopy. Hydrosalpinx was observed in 4% by TVS and 2% by laparoscopy. Pouch of Douglas abnormalities and endometriosis were underdiagnosed by TVS compared to laparoscopy. Overall, TVS demonstrated a sensitivity of 62.87%, specificity of 81%, positive predictive value of 89%, and negative predictive value of 49% in detecting pelvic pathology.Conclusion:TVS is a valuable, noninvasive tool for detecting uterine and some ovarian pathologies in sub-fertile women. Yet, it has limitations in detecting tubal and peritoneal disease, emphasizing that laparoscopy remains necessary for definitive diagnosis in complex cases. J Med Coll Women Hosp.2026; 22(1): 42-52
Background: Maternal diabetes, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregestational diabetes, is a major determinant of neonatal complications. Aim:This study aimed to evaluate the immediate complications in infants of diabetic mothers (IDM).Materials and Method: A hospital-based observational study was conducted at the Department of Pediatrics, Medical College for Women and Hospital, from July 2024 to July 2025. A total of 120 neonates born to mothers with GDM or pregestational diabetes were included. Data on maternal diabetes type, glycemic control, mode of delivery, neonatal birth weight, clinical presentation, and complications—such as hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, hypocalcemia, respiratory distress, and polycythemia—were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.Results: Of the 120 neonates, 54.17% were male. Most mothers had GDM (70.83%) and good glycemic control (HbA1c <6.5% in 47.5%). Preterm births comprised 27.5%. Respiratory distress was the most frequent complication (40%), followed by hypoglycemia (23.33%), hyperbilirubinemia (18.33%), and hypocalcemia (12.5%). Most neonates were appropriate for gestational age (63.33%), while 25.83% were large for gestational age (LGA) and 10.83% small for gestational age (SGA). No congenital anomalies or neonatal deaths were observed. The majority of neonates (92.5%) were discharged in good health, while 4.17% left against medical advice (LAMA). Immediate complications were slightly more common in neonates of pregestational diabetic mothers.Conclusion: Maternal diabetes significantly affects neonatal outcomes, with frequent immediate complications including respiratory distress, hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and hypocalcemia. Close monitoring and effective glycemic control during pregnancy are essential to minimize risks for infants of diabetic mothers. J Med Coll Women Hosp.2026; 22(1): 53-59
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Enteric Fever and Its Outcome Among Children Admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka
Background:Enteric fever remains a major health threat for the general population in Bangladesh, particularly among children, as they may be subject to poor sanitation and rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Increasing multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains of Salmonella enterica serovars typhi and Paratyphi have complicated empirical treatment strategies.Objective: To evaluate the patterns of sensitivity to antibiotics and symptom presentations of pediatric enteric fever cases in a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka. Materials and Method: This prospective cross-sectional study was performed from July 2024 to July 2025 among 110 children (aged 0–18 years) admitted with blood culture–confirmed enteric fever. Demographic data, clinical symptoms, and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Salmonella typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi isolates were recorded and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Most patients (59.09%) were between 6–9 years, with a mean age of 9.4 ± 3.76 years. Coated tongue (59.09%) and organomegaly (36.36%) were the most frequent clinical signs. Among S. typhi isolates, sensitivity was highest for ceftriaxone (100%), followed by meropenem (90.0%) and azithromycin (90.0%). Resistance was highest to amoxicillin (54.6%), nalidixic acid (52.1%), and ofloxacin (45.0%). S. Paratyphi showed complete sensitivity to ceftriaxone and high sensitivity to cefixime (98.0%) and meropenem (95.0%), but demonstrated resistance that was high against nalidixic acid (82.8%) and azithromycin (34.0%).Conclusion: Raised rates of resistance to commonly used antibiotics among Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi emphasize the urgent need for routine antimicrobial surveillance, stricter antibiotic stewardship, and updated treatment guidelines to ensure effective management of pediatric enteric fever in endemic regions. J Med Coll Women Hosp.2026; 22(1): 60-66
Complementary feeding practice of mothers attending the paediatric outpatient department of a tertiary level hospital
Background: Complementary feeding patterns between 6-23 months are critical for optimal child development and growth. Poor complementary feeding patterns remain a primary cause of malnutrition and childhood mortality in developing countries. This study assessed complementary feeding practices and their determinants among mothers at a tertiary-level hospital. Materials and Method: This is a cross-sectional study conducted among 100 mothers of children aged 6 to 23 months attending the paediatric outpatient department of a tertiary-level hospital. The variables used were age at introduction, food types, frequency of feeds, and variety of diet based on the WHO classification of food groups. Food group intake was estimated by a 24-hour dietary recall. Minimum dietary diversity (MDD) was defined as ≥2 WHO food groups eaten, and minimum meal frequency (MMF) based on age-specific WHO cut-offs. Statistical analysis with descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, Spearman correlation, and multivariable logistic regression was done using SPSS version 26.Results: More than half (72%) had started complementary feeding after 6 months, and 8% had begun complementary feeding before 6 months. Rice foods were the most common complementary foods (khichuri 32%, rice powder 21%). The mean dietary diversity was a mere 1.5 food groups within 24 hours, much lower than the recommended ≥4 groups. Most children had met the minimum meal frequency but not dietary diversity. Maternal education had a marked effect on dietary variety (p=0.037), where educated mothers were more likely to offer diversified foods. The household income also had an impact (p = 0.001), but maternal education had greater correlations. Conclusion: Despite the early initiation of complementary feeding being high, dietary diversity was low. Maternal education was the most significant predictor of adequate feeding practice, and it highlighted the significance of some forms of nutrition counseling interventions. J Med Coll Women Hosp.2026; 22(1): 67-79
Assessment of Mental Stress Among Undergraduate Medical Students Using GHQ-12
Background: Medical education is one of the most demanding academic fields, often linked with high levels of mental stress among students. Early detection and management of psychological distress are essential to ensure the well-being of future healthcare professionals. Aim: To assess the prevalence of mental stress among undergraduate medical students using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and to identify associated socio-demographic and academic factors. Materials and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 undergraduate medical students of Enam Medical College from July 2025 to October 2025. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire including socio-demographic information, academic stress factors, and the GHQ-12 scale. Scoring was done using the 0-0-1-1 method, with scores ≥3 indicating psychological distress. Data were analyzed using SPSS, applying descriptive and chi-square tests. Results: Among the respondents, 73.3% were classified as psychologically distressed (GHQ-12 ≥3). Most students were aged 20–22 years (56%), and 58% were female. Major stress-related factors included heavy academic workload (68.6%), inadequate sleep (63.3% slept <6 hours/night), and lack of regular physical activity (44% reported none). Only 39% participated in extracurricular activities, and 40% reported having no access to mental health services in their institution. No significant association was found between stress levels and age or academic year (p > 0.05). Conclusion: A high prevalence of psychological distress was observed among medical students, driven mainly by academic burden, sleep deprivation, and limited recreational opportunities. Institutional measures such as accessible counseling, stress management programs, and supportive mentorship are urgently needed to promote student well-being. J Med Coll Women Hosp.2026; 22(1): 80-88
Patterns and Outcomes of Fingertip Reconstruction: A Review of 120 Cases
Background: Fingertip injuries are frequent hand trauma encounters and can impair sensibility, fine pinch, and nail stability. In Bangladesh, electrical burns and machine-related injuries are prominent causes. Successful reconstruction aims to preserve length, provide durable sensate coverage, and restore contour with minimal morbidity. Materials and Method: This retrospective review included 120 patients (≥12 years) treated between January 2017 and December 2023 across three private hospitals in Dhaka. Injury level was determined using the Allen classification. Minor tissue loss (Allen I–II) was treated conservatively, while exposed bone or larger volar defects required flap coverage. Reconstructive techniques included cross-finger flap, reverse cross-finger flap, first dorsal metacarpal artery (FDMA) flap, thenar flap, V-Y advancement flap, adipofascial flap, and distant options. Functional outcomes, two-point discrimination, return-to-use time, and early complications were assessed over 4–12 weeks.Results:Electrical burn was the leading mechanism of injury. Allen type IV was most common. Defect size ranged 1–5 cm². Conservative care produced minimal range-of-motion loss. Mean two-point discrimination was 5.7 mm. Early complications occurred in 28.3%, predominantly minor infection and partial flap necrosis, all managed without major re-operation. Most patients regained acceptable contour and sensibility.Conclusion:A stepwise reconstructive algorithm emphasizing the simplest suitable option yields predictable outcomes. Sensate flaps are valuable for thumb and index injuries. In resource-limited environments, thoughtful flap selection allows preservation of length and function with low complication rates. J Med Coll Women Hosp.2026; 22(1): 89-97
Detection and Reporting Adverse Drug Reaction among intern physicians:Impact of educational Intervention
Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a major contributor to morbidity, mortality, and diminished quality of life, and they significantly increase global healthcare costs. In Bangladesh, however, ADR reporting remains limited despite its crucial role in ensuring patient safety and supporting public health initiatives. Aim: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a structured educational intervention in improving the detection and reporting of adverse drug events (ADEs) by intern physicians in hospitalized patients. Materials and Method: A formative interventional study was conducted among 189 intern physicians from four hospitals in Dhaka, who were assigned to either a control group (n=89) or an intervention group (n=100). The intervention group received a comprehensive educational package that included workshops, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and training on the standard ADE reporting form. Data on ADE detection and reporting were collected through surveys and reviews of patient treatment sheets at baseline and again after four months, with reporting information verified by the Directorate General of Drug Administration (DGDA) (p<0.05). Results: ADE reporting remained 0% in the control group but increased to 5.0% in the intervention group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Educational intervention significantly improved both detection and reporting of ADEs among intern physicians, indicating its potential to strengthen pharmacovigilance practices in hospital settings in Bangladesh. J Med Coll Women Hosp.2026; 22(1): 98-107
Outcome of ultrasound guided percutaneous needle aspiration versus conventional incision and drainage in the management of small breast abscess
Background: Breast abscesses, are a very common clinical entity identified in daily practice. At an initial presentation it may be treated conservatively with antibiotics. Minimal invasive surgery is replacing the traditional management. Aim: To compare the outcome and effectiveness of ultrasound guided percutaneous needle aspiration with conventional incision and drainage in management of small breast abscess. Methodes: This Quasi-experimental study was conducted in the Department of Surgery, Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Dhaka from July 2023 to June 2024. A total 50 female patients with the diagnosis of breast abscess were included according to selection criteria and then divided into 2 groups by alternative consecutive manner (Group-A and Group-B). After proper evaluation, informed written consent was obtained. In group A, patients were treated by ultrasound guided percutaneous aspiration with 19G needle under local anesthesia. In group-B, patients were treated by conventional incision and drainage under general anesthesia. Data was sorted and analyzed by SPSS 26 version. Independent sample t test and Chi-Square test were performed as applicable. Results: In this study, mean duration of procedure was 15.64±3.33 min in group A and 31.48±7.05 min in group B. VAS score was 2.72 ± 1.28 in group A and 5.28 ± 1.28 in group B. The time required for the procedure and VAS score in Group A were significantly (p<0.001) less than Group B. In group A, 9 (36%) patients showed resolution of the abscess on a single aspiration, while 10 (40%) patients required two aspirations, 2 (8%) patients needed three aspirations for resolution and 4 (16%) patients were not resolved even after three aspirations and hence were treated by Incision and Drainage and their follow up schedule was like group B. We observed that all lactating women continued their breastfeeding from the day of aspiration (0.00±0.00 POD) in group A than women who underwent incision and drainage in group B (12.33±2.32). In this study, mean number of hospital visit was 4.88±2.35 times in group A and 12.96±3.88 times in group B and duration of complete resolution was 14.48±3.73 days in group A and 24.60±3.92 days in group B. This difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). We observed that all patients had satisfactory cosmesis after aspiration and all the patients developed scar mark after incision and drainage. Conclusion: It can be concluded that ultrasound guided percutaneous needle aspiration is a simple, safe, effective and could be a widely accepted procedure for management of small breast abscess. J Med Coll Women Hosp.2026; 22(1): 108-115
Biofilm formation in Enterobacter species isolated from different clinical specimens in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh
Background: Enterobacter spp. are important emerging causes of nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Biofilm formation is an important virulence factor of Enterobacter spp. Formation of biofilm by Enterobacter spp. often results in multidrug-resistant chronic infections. Aim: This study was conducted to phenotypically determine biofilm formation in Enterobacter spp. isolates from different clinical specimens and to correlate biofilm formation with the antimicrobial resistance pattern of the isolated Enterobacter.Materials and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology of BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from September 2018 to July 2019. A total of 50 laboratory isolates of Enterobacter from different clinical specimens were collected and evaluated phenotypically for biofilm formation by the tissue culture plate method. The isolates were also tested for antimicrobial susceptibility testing by Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion method and evaluation of resistance pattern between biofilm producer and non-producer isolates was done.Results: Among the 50 Enterobacter isolates, 32 (64%) were found as biofilm producers phenotypically. Regarding antimicrobial resistance, resistance rates were higher in biofilm producers compared to non-biofilm producing isolates of Enterobacter. Relatively higher resistance rates were observed in the Cephalosporin group of antibiotics. Resistance rates to cefoxitin, cefixime, cefuroxime, and ceftazidime were 81%, 66%, 63% and 50% respectively in biofilm-producing isolates, whereas in non-biofilm producers, the resistance rates were 72%, 50%, 33% and 33% respectively. Relatively lower resistance was found to gentamicin, amikacin, netilmicin, meropenem, and piperacillin-tazobactam.Conclusion: Biofilm formation is a major virulence factor of Enterobacter spp. that plays a vital role in pathogenesis and also resistance to antimicrobial agents. Detection of biofilm by the tissue culture plate method can be introduced as a routine test in the laboratory. This would guide the physicians to prescribe appropriate antibiotics and to take other necessary measures to combat biofilm-related infections. J Med Coll Women Hosp.2026; 22(1): 116-123
Prevalence and Determinants of Depression among Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study
Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age, often associated with psychological comorbidities such as depression.Aim: To determine the prevalence of depression and identify its associated determinants among women diagnosed with PCOS. Materials and Method: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the Outpatient Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility of Bangladesh Medical University from January 2023 to December 2023. Women of reproductive age with a confirmed diagnosis of PCOS based on the Rotterdam criteria were included. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire, and depression was assessed using the PHQ-9.Results: A total of 95 women with PCOS participated. Most were aged 26–35 years, married, Muslim, and homemakers. The majority had secondary or higher education, no children, and belonged to middle-income households. Menstrual irregularity was reported by 54.7% of participants, and 38.9% were overweight or obese. Depression was highly prevalent, with 45.3% experiencing mild depression, 40.0% moderate, 13.7% moderately severe, and 1.1% severe. Significant determinants of depression included religion (p=0.04), occupation (p=0.03), age at menarche (p=0.02), menstrual cycle pattern (p=0.03), use of birth control methods (p=0.02), BMI (p=0.02), physical inactivity (p=0.04), and skipping meals (p=0.05). No significant association was found with age, marital status, education, or smoking habit.Conclusion: Depression is highly prevalent among women with PCOS in Bangladesh. Reproductive factors, lifestyle behaviors, and occupational status significantly influence depression severity. J Med Coll Women Hosp.2026; 22(1): 124-136
Factors Influencing the Psychological Wellbeing of Adolescent Girls in Coastal Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study
Background: Psychological wellbeing during adolescence is influenced by socio-demographic, menstrual, and environmental factors. Adolescents in coastal regions of Bangladesh are frequently exposed to natural disasters, which may further affect their wellbeing. Aim: This study aimed to assess the factors influencing psychological wellbeing among adolescent girls in a coastal district of Bangladesh. Materials and Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2023 among 307 adolescent girls (classes 9–12) from three secondary schools and one college in Jhalokathi district, Bangladesh. Data were collected using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire, including socio-demographic information, menstrual history, and Ryff’s 42-item Psychological Well-Being Scale. Results: Most participants were aged 14–15 years (57.7%) and practiced Islam (85.3%). The majority had secondary education or below (82.1%) and lived in nuclear families (86.3%). Floods were the most commonly experienced disaster (85.3%), with most adolescents staying at home (87.0%). Mean psychological wellbeing scores were highest for self-acceptance (29.9±4.8) and lowest for purpose in life (25.8±5.4). Menstrual characteristics and symptoms were prevalent, with 73.0% reporting regular cycles and 79.2% experiencing abdominal pain. Regular menstrual cycles and absence of fatigue were significantly associated with higher autonomy (p=0.019, p=0.003). Younger age, staying at home during disasters, sanitary pad use, and certain menstrual symptoms were linked to higher environmental mastery and personal growth. Positive relations and self-acceptance were significantly influenced by menstrual regularity, menstrual flow, and family income (p<0.05).Conclusion: Psychological wellbeing among adolescent girls in coastal Bangladesh is influenced by age, menstrual characteristics, menstrual hygiene practices, socio-economic status, and disaster exposure. J Med Coll Women Hosp.2026; 22(1): 137-148
Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on Clinical Outcomes and ST Segment Resolution in Patients with ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated with Streptokinase
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) has a major impact on clinical outcomes for coronary artery disease (CAD), which continues to be a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Diabetes mellitus (DM) worsens atherosclerosis and hinders myocardial recovery in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), which may have an impact on the results of streptokinase thrombolysis. Aim: The study aimed to examine the clinical outcomes and ST-segment resolution in diabetic STEMI patients receiving streptokinase treatment patients. Materials and Method: This cross-sectional study examined the clinical outcomes and ST-segment resolution of 50 diabetic and 50 non-diabetic STEMI patients receiving streptokinase treatment at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital between December 2016 and November 2017. Direct interviews, Electrocardiographs (ECGs), echocardiograms, and laboratory tests were all used in the data collection process. There were three categories for ST-segment resolution: unsuccessful (<30%), partial (30–70%), and complete (>70%). The statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 20, with a significance threshold of p<0.05. Results: The diabetes group had greater rates of unsuccessful resolution (42% vs. 12%, p=0.001) and considerably lower rates of complete ST-segment resolution (28% vs. 52%, p=0.001). Diabetics had a considerably reduced mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (46.54±10.17 vs. 51.64±8.48, p=0.008). Longer hospital stays (60% vs. 40%, p=0.006) and cardiogenic shock (44% vs. 24%, p=0.005) were more common in diabetics. Overall, diabetic patients fared poorly, even though anterior myocardial infarction was the most frequent site in both groups. These results are consistent with earlier studies that linked diabetes mellitus to worse cardiac recovery and systemic outcomes following thrombolysis. Conclusion: In STEMI patients receiving streptokinase treatment, diabetes mellitus substantially compromises ST-segment resolution, myocardial function, and clinical results. For diabetes patients to recover as best they can, tailored interventions are crucial. To confirm these results and investigate more sophisticated diagnostic and treatment strategies, more multicenter research is required. J Med Coll Women Hosp.2026; 22(1): 149-155
Neurological Manifestations among Dengue Patients in an Endemic Population: Insights from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Background: Dengue virus infection is a major public health concern in tropical and subtropical regions, and neurological complications are increasingly recognized as part of its clinical spectrum. Despite their clinical significance, data on neurological dengue from endemic settings such as Bangladesh remain limited. Aim: To describe the spectrum, laboratory correlates, and outcomes of neurological manifestations among dengue patients admitted to a tertiary Medical College Hospital in Bangladesh. Materials and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the department of Neurology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, from June 2024 to July 2025. A total of 48 laboratory-confirmed dengue patients with neurological manifestations were consecutively enrolled. Clinical, laboratory, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and neuroimaging findings were recorded. Outcomes were assessed at discharge. Results: The mean age of patients was 34.2 ± 14.8 years, with a male predominance (58%). The most frequent neurological manifestation was encephalitis (47.9%), followed by meningitis (29.2%), seizures (18.8%), and Guillain–Barré syndrome (4.1%). Thrombocytopenia (91.7%), leukopenia (83.3%), and elevated liver enzymes (72.9%) were common laboratory abnormalities. CSF pleocytosis was significantly associated with encephalitis and meningitis (p=0.02), and thrombocytopenia correlated with encephalitis and seizures (p=0.04). Neuroimaging abnormalities were observed in 46.2% of those imaged. At discharge, 79.2% recovered without sequelae, 12.5% had mild to moderate deficits, 4.2% had severe disability, and mortality was 4.2%, deaths were due to encephalitis. Conclusion: Neurological manifestations in dengue, though uncommon, contribute substantially to morbidity and mortality, with encephalitis being the most severe and fatal presentation. Early recognition, prompt management, and structured follow-up are critical to improve outcomes and reduce long-term disability in endemic regions. J Med Coll Women Hosp.2026; 22(1): 156-164