Prevalence and Risk Factors of Allergic Rhinitis in Urban Population

Abstract

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a frequent chronic condition that leads to sneezing, congestion, and itchy eyes, impacting daily activities and productivity. Factors that contribute to risk encompass genetics, allergens, environmental pollution, and city life. Management includes allergen avoidance, medication, and immunotherapy. Although urban areas show a higher prevalence, data in Bangladesh remain scarce. Objective: This research investigates the occurrence of AR and its associated risk factors within the urban population of Bangladesh. Materials and Method: A cross-sectional study involving 250 adults at Bangladesh Medical University (January–June 2025) evaluated AR symptoms, risk factors, and family history through a questionnaire and clinical assessment. An ENT specialist diagnosed AR. Data were examined employing descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and raw odds ratios. Approval for ethical standards and informed consent were secured. Results: Out of 250 participants, 92 (36.8%) experienced allergic rhinitis, with sneezing (87%), runny nose (80.4%), nasal congestion (76.1%), and itchy eyes (65.2%) as the prevalent symptoms. Seasonal symptoms were noted in 55 (59.8%) patients, and 50 (54.3%) had a familial allergy history. Exposure to dust (OR = 2.12), having pets (OR = 1.91), and a familial history (OR = 1.77) notably raised the likelihood of AR, whereas smoking had no significant impact (OR = 1.36). Conclusion: Allergic rhinitis impacted 36.8% of subjects, with frequent sneezing, rhinorrhea, and nasal blockage; dust, pets, and genetic predisposition heightened risk, but smoking did not influence it.

J Med Coll Women Hosp.2026; 22(2): 83-90