Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research
Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research is an international, peer-reviewed, quarterly, highly-indexed scientific journal publishing original research findings and reviews on all aspects of veterinary and animal sciences. Full text articles available. JAVAR is included in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Network for the Veterinarians of Bangladesh
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Peste des petits ruminants in Northern Sudan.
Objective: This work is to elucidate the prevalence of Peste des Petits (PPR) in Northern Sudan through antibody, antigen, and genome detection. Materials and Methods: Serum and tissue samples from lungs showing pneumonic lesions of goats and sheep were collected in slaughterhouses in both states in Northern Sudan. Sera were examined for antibodies to the PPR virus by Competitive ELISA; Immunocapture ELISA was used for testing PPRV antigen in lung tissues. Some of the ELISA-positive tissues were examined for the PPRV genome by reverse transcription PCR (RT/PCR). Results: The overall seroprevalence was 35%, with 40.8% in sheep and 28.4% in goats out of 945 sera that were tested. In the River Nile State, the prevalence was 30.1% (34.4% in sheep, and 24.6% in goats). In Northern State, it was 41.8% (50.5% in sheep, 33% in goats). Using IcELISA, the overall PPRV antigen detected in these two states of Northern Sudan was 7.7%; in River Nile State, it was 5% in sheep. In Northern State, 15.4% of sheep and 20% of goat lung tissue samples tested positive. PPR genome could be detected by RT/PCR. Conclusion: The results pointed to the increased prevalence of the disease in Northern Sudan, especially the Northern State. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 12(2): 327–333, June 2025 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l900
Copyright (c) 2025 Intisar Kamil Saeed, Yahia Hassan Ali, Muaz Magzob Abdellatif, Husham Mohammed Ataalfadeel, Anwar A Alsharari, Ahmed Mohammed Abdel-Mageed, Medhat Ahmed Abu-Tahon, Hind Abdelmajeed Rikabi, Alaa Ahmed Mustafa http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Genetic evaluation of different graded Holstein Friesian × Local (HF × L) crossbred breeding bulls of Bangladesh.
Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters, breeding value, and ranking of Holstein Friesian × Local (HF × L) crossbred sires based on multi-trait selection index information. Methods: A total of 51 HF × L crossbred breeding bulls of three different genetic groups (50%HF × 50%L, 62.5%HF × 37.5%L, and 75%HF × 25%L) managed at Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm (CCBDF) were evaluated based on 4,319 half-sib progeny performance data. The descriptive statistical analysis was performed using the R package. Genetic parameters were estimated using BLUPF90 by a single-trait animal model. A selection index was constructed using adjusted breeding values multiplied by variable economic weightage for each trait. Results: Genotype had significant effects on the investigated semen quality attributes (p < 0.05), where 75%HF × 25%L and 62.5%HF × 37.5%L crossbred genotypes both differed significantly from 50%HF × 50%L crossbreds (p < 0.05). In general, better productive and reproductive performances were found with the progression of HF inheritance. Daughters of 75%HF × 25%L crossbred bulls showed the highest average performance in birth weight (27.20 ± 0.09 kg), daily milk yield (8.55 ± 0.06 l), peak milk yield (10.44 ± 0.07 l), and lactation length (233.53 ± 0.85 days). The study investigated variance components of eight productive and reproductive traits such as the birth weight of calf, age at first conception, service per conception, daily milk yield, peak milk yield, lactation length, and calving interval where estimated heritability ranged from 0.09 to 0.32. Genetic correlations among the considered traits were found to be mostly weak. Among the top 20%, breeding bulls belonged to 75%HF × 25%L and 62.5%HF × 37.5%L crossbred groups. Conclusion: This study provides insightful information on the genetic evaluation of different graded bulls that could be the basis for the proven crossbred breeding bulls’ selection process at CCBDF. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 12(2): 334–343, June 2025 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l901
Copyright (c) 2025 Md Forhad Ahmed Hridoy, Sadia Afrin Siddiqua, Doo Ho Lee, Yeong Kuk Kim, Md Shane Khoda, Monira Akter Mou, Abul Kashem Fazlul Haque Bhuiyan, Seung Hwan Lee, Mohammad Shamsul Alam Bhuiyan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Socio-epidemiological study of bovine brucellosis: Seasonal cattle migration in Myanmar.
Objective: Animal migration can spread different diseases from farm to farm without being noticed. Despite bovine brucellosis being endemic in Myanmar, seroprevalence and risk related to farmers’ behaviors and cattle migration remain unclear. Thus, understanding brucellosis in seasonal cattle migration is essential to avoid negative economic and public health outcomes. As seasonal cattle movement is done to satisfy local environmental limits, Brucellosis is predisposed in cattle herds of the Central Dry Zone of the country. Materials and Methods: In this study, farmer characteristics and seasonal cattle movement practices were investigated for bovine brucellosis prevalence in three Central Myanmar regions from July to August 2022. Blood samples were taken for the Rose Bengal Plate Test to detect brucellosis prevalence. Results: Seasonal migratory farmers had a lower education level, more family members, more cattle heads, and higher income from cattle raising. Influences on disease knowledge included frequent veterinary access (7.02%) and limited disease control training (17.39%). Young farmers with low educational level (p < 0.01), more family members (p < 0.01), less farming experience (p < 0.01), fewer cattle (p < 0.01), cow abortion cases (p < 0.01), farming practices from veterinary access (p < 0.01), and longer migratory distances to grazing pastures (p < 0.01) have higher possibilities to get prevalence of bovine brucellosis at farm level. Conclusion: This study found that farmers’ characteristics, migratory practices, migration distance, and abortion history influence Brucellosis prevalence at the farm level. Migratory farmers need farmer collaboration and veterinary training to learn effective farming practices. Access to veterinary services and farmer awareness campaigns about livestock migration risks are essential. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 12(2): 350–360, June 2025 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l903
Copyright (c) 2025 Su Su Hlaing, Hiroichi Kono http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Anti-methanogenic effect of phytogenic extract of Moringa oleifera on methane mitigation through inhibition of methyl-coenzyme M reductase receptor: In silico study.
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the anti-methanogenic potential of Moringa oleifera L. phytogenic extracts through in silico inhibition of the methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR) receptor. Materials and Methods: Phytochemicals from M. oleifera were screened and compared with anti-methanogenic compounds such as 3-nitrooxypropanol and native MCR enzyme ligands (coenzyme M and coenzyme B). Molecular docking analysis was performed using AutoDock Vina on PyRx 0.8, and interactions were visualized with Discovery Studio 2024. Results: Selected phytochemicals, including pterygospermin, exhibited promising drug-likeness based on Lipinski’s rule of five and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicology properties. Pterygospermin demonstrated the highest binding affinity to the MCR enzyme’s active site, with interactions including Pi-sulfur (Phe443), Pi-alkyl (Val482, Leu320, and Met324), Pi-Pi stacking (Phe330), and van der Waals forces (Tyr333 and Ser325). Conclusion: Pterygospermin shows potential as a competitive inhibitor of the MCR enzyme, providing a sustainable approach to mitigate methane emissions in livestock and contribute to global greenhouse gas reduction efforts. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 12(2): 361–373, June 2025 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l904
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Sulaiman Daulai, Indah Wijayant, Yuli Retnani, Suzuki Toshisada http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) seed powder supplementation helps to maintain metabolic homeostasis in both normal and high-sugar diet-fed mice
Objective: Diabetes mellitus and obesity stand as globally prevalent, life-threatening metabolic diseases. It has been reported that the intake of a high-sugar diet (HSD) increases the risk of developing diabetes and obesity. Therefore, it is necessary to find an alternative supplemental diet that could reduce the harmful consequences of excessive sugar consumption. The current study aimed to explore how jackfruit seed powder (JSP) could potentially prevent metabolic diseases in mice induced by an HSD. Materials and Methods: Swiss albino male mice were categorized into six groups fed normal and HSDs with or without JSP supplementation for 8 weeks. After the end of the feeding trial, different parameters related to glucose and lipid homeostasis were measured. Results: We found that 20% of JSP supplementation significantly decreased food intake and body weight gain induced by HSD. Supplementation of JSP reduced the liver weight, white adipose tissue, and brown adipose tissue weight in HSD-fed mice. Moreover, the addition of JSP with HSD improved the glucose tolerance test and reduced the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Conclusion: These findings indicate that adding 20% JSP is particularly efficient in averting the onset of metabolic diseases induced by an HSD. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 12(2): 374–384, June 2025 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l905
Copyright (c) 2025 Ohi Alam, Md Kamrul Hasan Kazal, Romana Jahan Moon, Chayon Goswami, Rakhi Chacrabat http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A novel reassortant strain of the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV ASPVB) from Iraqi broiler farms: A first-time molecular and histopathological investigation revealing new insights.
Objective: The objective of this investigation was to identify and detect the reassortant infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) strain from broiler farms suspected of being infected. Materials and Methods: The broiler yielded 72 samples, including the spleen and bursa of Fabricius. The tissues underwent histological examination before being used in a typical PCR molecular investigation. Results: The strain was subsequently termed IBDV ASPVB. The IBDV ASPVB strain in Iraq has been identified as a novel reassortant strain based on the results of PCR, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis of partial segments A and B. Segment A of this strain is derived from the highly pathogenic IBDV strain. In contrast, segment B is derived from other field reassortant strains. Infection with this strain might result in minor clinical symptoms but substantial damage to lymphoid organs, leading to compromised immunological responses. Conclusion: As a result of ongoing evolution, this study demonstrates that IBDV in Iraq exhibits a wide range of histological, genetic, and phenotypic variation; to our knowledge, this paper represents the first report of reassortant IBDV in Iraq. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 12(2): 385–395, June 2025 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l906
Copyright (c) 2025 Ammar Dhari Abdel Fattah, Samer Sadeq Hameed http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Molecular identification of antibiotic-resistant and virulent Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dogs in Southern Benin.
Objective: Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide health challenge. Close interaction with dogs carrying antibiotic-resistant zoonotic agents poses a risk to human health. The present study aimed to characterize antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolated from dogs in Southern Benin. Materials and methods: A total of 336 swabs (112 buccal, 112 nasal, and 112 rectal) from 112 dogs living in the communes of Abomey-Calavi and Cotonou were analyzed for E. coli and S. aureus presence. Bacterial isolates were tested for antibiotic (penicillins, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, sulfonamides, and macrolides) susceptibility using the disc diffusion method, and antibiotic-resistant strains were characterized by the polymerase chain reaction method. Results: A 41.07% and 20.53% of dogs harbored E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. Escherichia coli and S. aureus isolates showed resistance to penicillin (100% and 81.48%), tetracycline (44.64% and 59.26%), and other antimicrobials tested. Escherichia coli isolates harbored resistance genes blaTEM (63.46%), tetA (62.50%), and strA-strB (55.56%). tetK (100%), tetM (100%), and blaZ (82.61%) were present in S. aureus isolates. Escherichia coli strains harbored virulence genes fimH (61.54%), kpsMTII (26.92%), fyuA (19.23%), and eae (1.92%), whereas 20.83% of S. aureus strains harbored pvl and fnbA. Conclusion: The results of the current study reveal the urgent need for stricter controls on antibiotic use. Implementing guidelines, responsible prescribing, and increasing public awareness are crucial steps to address this problem. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 12(2): 396–419, June 2025 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l907
Copyright (c) 2025 Ayaovi Bruno Yaovi, Arpita Das, Rama N Behera, Prudencio Comlan Sossa-Minou, Vinod Singh Bisht, Monica Yadav, Ayushi Kapoor, François Dossa, Paulin Azokpota, Souaïbou Farougou, Lamine Baba-Moussa, Kiran Ambatipudi, Philippe Sessou http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity of Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and non-STEC isolated from goats in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.
Objective: Our study is conducted to identify serotypes, antibiotic resistance, heavy metal resistance, and virulent genes in Escherichia coli isolated from goats raised in small-scale farms in some provinces of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Material and Methods: A total of 203 E. coli isolates from goat feces were examined by PCR for serotypes (O8, O9, O25, O26, O45, O103, O146, O157, and O159), eight antibiotic-resistance genes, four heavy-metal-resistance genes, and four pathogenic genes. Results: By PCR, 20.20% of E. coli isolates belonging to serotypes O8 (6.40%), O45 (13.30%), and O159 (0.49%) were identified. Antibiotic-resistance genes were recorded at high rates in E. coli isolates, especially genes blaampC (98.52%), tetA (50.74%), sulII (34.48%), qnrA (20.69%), and aadA1 (20.69%). Moreover, 55.67% of these E. coli isolates harbored multiple antibiotic-resistance genes. Among heavy-metal-resistance genes, the gene czcD encoding for resistance to cobalt, zinc, and cadmium was the most prevalent (59.11%). In addition, the most frequent virulent gene was stx1 (15.27%), followed by gene stx2 (6.90%), eae, and hlyA (1.48%). Conclusion: These results revealed that goats were a natural reservoir of pathogenic E. coli serotypes, which could cause severe diseases in animals and humans. Moreover, these E. coli isolates showed a high ability to resist diverse antibiotics. Thus, managing the prevalence of pathogenic E. coli is essential for protecting public health in the Mekong Delta. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 12(2): 420–426, June 2025 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l908
Copyright (c) 2025 Thuan Khanh Nguyen, Trung Thanh Truong, Toan Tri Nguyen, Duy Duc Tran, Thu Thi Chuong Dang, Binh Cong Tran http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
GluN2B mRNA expression and molecular sequence in the brain of pigeons (Columba livia).
Objectives: The current study sought to ascertain the mRNA expression and establish the complementary DNA (cDNA) sequences of pigeon brain’s glutamate receptor 2B of N-methyl-D-aspartate (GluN2B) type. Material and Methods: Adult pigeons (Columba livia; n = 8, sharing an equal number of males and females) were used. After proper anesthesia, the brain was exposed, and small pieces of cerebellum, optic tectum, thalamus, and telencephalon were collected quickly; total ribonucleic acid (RNA) was isolated, and cDNA was synthesized for PCR amplification. The ABI Prism 3100 Genetic Analyzer was used to analyze the sequences of the corresponding cDNA fragments. Results: In RT-PCR, the findings unequivocally demonstrated that the pigeon brain’s cerebellum, optic tectum, thalamus, and telencephalon all expressed the mRNA for GluN2B. The cDNA sequence of pigeon GluN2B was obtained from PCR-amplified products and included 51 base pairs(bp) of the 5’ untranslated region (UTR), a 4,512-bp open reading frame, and 13 bps of the 3’ UTR. Pigeon GluN2B’s cDNA sequencing displayed 85% identity for human GluN2B and 95% identity for chicken. The amino acid sequences encoded by the pigeon GluN2B gene shared between 85% and 97% similarity with those of humans, rats, and mice. Molecular phylogenetic analysis using the neighbor-joining method showed that pigeon GluN2B is closely related to the GluN2B proteins of these other species. Conclusion: The findings suggest that certain neurons in the pigeon brain GluN2B mRNA. They also indicate the presence of various glutamatergic networks and connections within the avian brain. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 12(2): 427–432, June 2025 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l909
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammad Rabiul Karim, Ahmed I Abo-Ahmed, Abu Raihan, Md Asif Karim Hemel, Md Alamgir Kobir, Munmun Pervin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Effects of moisture and fermentation length on the quality and digestibility of fermented concentrate using tamanu kernel cake as the main protein source through an in vitro study.
Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of moisture and fermentation length on the chemical compositions, fermentation characteristics, feed-out phase, and ruminal digestibility of fermented concentrate using tamanu kernel cake (TKC) as the main protein source. Materials and Methods: The concentrate was formulated to contain 16.5% crude protein (CP) and 35% neutral detergent fiber consisting of 40% TKC, 7.60% soybean meal, 25.0% wheat pollard, 26.4% dried cassava, and 1% molasses. Those ingredients were mixed and fermented anaerobically at 5 kg into a vacuumed plastic bag with different additional sterile distilled water to reach moisture levels at 25% (MO25), 35% (MO35), and 45% (MO45). Each moisture level was incubated with different fermentation lengths consisting of 2, 7, 14, 21, and 42 days in quadruplicate. After fermentation, each silo was sub-sampled for laboratory analyses. Results: MO25 and MO35 led to higher CP with lower acid detergent fiber than MO45. In the fermentation, MO35 and MO45 generated higher (p < 0.05) lactate than MO25. An extended fermentation length linearly dropped (p < 0.05) dry matter, CP, and ether extract, but gradually increased (p < 0.05) ammonia-N, lactate, acetate, and the counts of lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and bacilli. After 42 days, MO25 and MO35 initiated higher (p < 0.05) aerobic stability. The digestibility and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) in the rumen increased (p < 0.05) over 2 days. However, prolonged fermentation length linearly decreased (p < 0.05) total VFA and methane emission without affecting rumen pH, ammonia-N, and each VFA profile. Conclusion: The application of MO35 was found to reduce nutrient loss and improve aerobic stability comparable to MO25 while achieving fermentation quality similar to MO45, and short-term fermentation, such as 2 days, could improve ruminal digestibility. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 12(2): 433–444, June 2025 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l910
Copyright (c) 2025 Dimas Hand Vidya Paradhipta, Chusnul Hanim, Ali Agus, Budi Leksono, Aziz Umroni, Sinta Maharani, Arrynda Rachma Dyasti Wardani, Zazin Mukmila http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Antimicrobial usage assessment and the factors associated among small-scale household dairy farms in a district of southern India.
Objective: The study was primarily conducted to assess antimicrobial usage, associated factors, and animal health management practices in small-scale household dairy farms in a district of southern India. Materials and Methods: A total of 330 dairy farmers participated in the study, and single-stage cluster sampling was performed, followed by probability proportional to size sampling. A semi-structured, validated questionnaire and a checklist were used to collect the data. Results: Only a few dairy farmers knew about antimicrobials (33%) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) (10.9%). All 330 dairy farmers were using antimicrobials. The factors that influenced dairy farmers’ decisions to use antimicrobials for their cattle were veterinarian advice (100%), para-veterinarian advice (96.3%), peer influence (31.2%), and previous experience of using antimicrobials (12.4%). None of them were aware of the drug withdrawal period and followed it. Significant differences in completing the full course of antimicrobial treatment as prescribed have been observed with increasing levels of education (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Despite the wide usage of antimicrobials in dairy farms, there was a significant lack of knowledge among dairy farmers regarding antimicrobials and AMR. The study emphasizes the need for targeted educational interventions to improve farmers’ understanding of antimicrobial use and resistance, promote responsible practices, and enhance animal health management. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 12(2): 445–453, June 2025 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l911
Copyright (c) 2025 Shwetha Prabhu, Rinila Das, Arun Kharate, Ajith M Nayak, Navya Vyas http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Developing a simple universal hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST) for assessing sperm membrane integrity in pigs, rabbits, and goats.
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the integrity of the plasma membrane for human and other domestic animal spermatozoa by the hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST). Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on spermatozoa of three species, including pigs, rabbits, and goats. Three experiments were conducted on three animal species (pigs, rabbits, and goats) to investigate the factors affecting sperm membranes: osmotic concentration (0, 50, 100, and 150 mOsmol) and treatment time (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 min) at 37°C. Results: The results showed that treatment time and osmotic concentration influenced the integrity of the sperm membrane in the hypo-osmotic solution. In general, the experiments showed a high rate of sperm reacting to HOST at 50 and 100 mOsmol for 30–45 min. According to this study, the hypo-osmotic solution resulted in a high rate of sperm with swollen tails and a high rate of viable sperm, indicating a correlation between these factors. Therefore, it is necessary to combine both conditions to assess sperm quality. Specifically, the positive rates for the HOST reaction in pig, rabbit, and goat sperm are 46.74%, 58.28%, and 61.95%, respectively. Conclusion: To sum up, the hypo-osmotic solution with a concentration of 100 mOsmol and an incubation time of 45 min is considered the optimal and most feasible condition that can be used for all three species: pigs, rabbits, and goats. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 12(2): 477–486, June 2025 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l913
Copyright (c) 2025 Khuong Thi Thanh Tran, Tan Nhat Nguyen, Duy Lam Khanh Nguyen http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Effect of interferon on broilers’ fecal microbiome composition.
Objective: The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of chicken interferon on the intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens. Materials and Methods: The study used next-generation sequencing on the Ion Torrent pragmatic general multicast platform to target the V3 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid hypervariable region gene, allowing us to analyze in detail changes in the composition of the broiler chicken microbiome. Results: Forty-one bacterial genera were identified in the studied groups of broilers. The highest abundance in both groups was observed for Lactobacillus, which was 31.08% ± 6.52 in the control group and 36.08% ± 7.25 in the interferon group. There was no clustering between the microbiome communities of the groups studied. We found a decrease or complete absence of Escherichia–Shigella, Eubacterium fissicatena group, Lachnospiraceae CHKCI001, and Pediococcus in the interferon-treated broiler group compared to the control group and an increase in the number of genera Ruminococcaceae CAG-352 and Turicibacter in the interferon group. Conclusion: A decrease in E.–Shigella may indicate normalization of the intestinal microbiota of broilers, and it can also be concluded that the introduction of interferon helps to suppress opportunistic bacteria. In the interferon group, a sharp increase in the number of Turicibacter was observed. Representatives of this genus are among the most common members in the intestines of broilers. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 12(2): 487–496, June 2025 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l914
Copyright (c) 2025 Inna Burakova, Yuliya Smirnova, Mariya Gryaznova, Polina Morozova, Vyacheslav Kotarev, Ludmila Lyadova, Nadezhda Ivanova, Larisa Denisenko, Mikhail Syromyatnikov http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Taxonomic signal in the wing cells of Lutzia mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand: An outline-based geometric morphometric approach.
Recent studies have identified wing cells, a substructure of the wing, as carrying taxonomic signals across various mosquito genera. However, the presence of a taxonomic signal in the wing cells of the genus Lutzia (Diptera: Culicidae) has not yet been confirmed. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the outline-based geometric morphometric (GM) approach in distinguishing Lutzia species found in Thailand, namely Lutzia chiangmaiensis, Lutzia fuscana, Lutzia halifaxii, and Lutzia vorax. Materials and Methods: The outline-based geometric morphometrics was employed to analyze four wing elements: the wing contour, the second submarginal cell, the first posterior cell, and the third posterior cell. Results: In the size analysis, Lt. vorax consistently exhibited significantly larger wing elements compared to the other species (p < 0.05). The factor maps based on discriminant analysis for the wing elements among the species indicated that most groups overlapped in morphospace. However, for the third posterior cell, the Lt. vorax group presented a more distinct shape. While shape analysis detected significant differences between almost all species pairs (p < 0.05), there was an exception between Lt. halifaxii and Lt. chiangmaiensis in the first posterior cell (p > 0.05). Additionally, shape analysis further indicated that the third posterior cell achieved the highest percentage of correct classifications, with an adjusted total assignment accuracy of 71%. Conclusion: This finding reveals a significant taxonomic signal in the third posterior cell, suggesting that the outline-based GM approach can effectively complement the landmark-based GM approach in distinguishing Lutzia species. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 12(2): 516–528, June 2025 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l916
Copyright (c) 2025 Tanawat Chaiphongpachara, Tanasak Changbunjong, Sedthapong Laojun http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Utilization of wild desert plant extracts for the in vitro control of gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of plant extracts from desert species on egg-hatching inhibition (EHI) and larval mortality of gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) in cattle under in vitro conditions. Materials and Methods: Hydro-alcoholic extracts of tasajillo [Cylindropuntia leptocaulis (DC) F.M. Kunth], coyonoxtle [Cylindropuntia imbricata (Haw) F.M. Kunth], mariola (Parthenium incanum Kunth), and mesquite [Neltuma juliflora (Sw.) Raf.] were tested. GIN eggs and infective larvae were exposed to the plant extracts in decreasing doses, and the median lethal dose50 (LD50) and maximum lethal dose99 (LD99) were calculated using the SAS PROBIT procedure. Results: The C. imbricata extract demonstrated the highest EHI at a small LD50 (2.31 mg/ml) and achieved 100% larval mortality at a 5.8 mg/ml concentration. The P. incanum extract showed the highest larval mortality at the LD99 (6.50 mg/ml), although N. juliflora had the lowest LD50. However, the N. juliflora pod extract was the least effective overall. These findings indicate that C. imbricata was the most effective extract for inhibiting egg hatching, while P. incanum was the most effective for promoting larval mortality under in vitro conditions. Conclusion: The small doses used against eggs and larvae of nematode parasites suggest that wild desert plants could provide a viable and ecological alternative for the in vitro control of GINs in cattle. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 12(2): 529–538, June 2025 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l917
Copyright (c) 2025 Raquel Olivas-Salazar, Ana Verónica Charles-Rodríguez, Fidel Maximiano Peña Ramos, Joel Ventura-Ríos, Fernando Ruiz Zárate, Roberto González Garduño http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Impact of dietary supplementation with biological zinc, selenium nanoparticles, and their combination on growth, carcass characteristics, blood parameters, and meat quality in broiler chickens.
Objective: This study examined the impacts of feeding zinc and selenium (SeNPs) nanoparticles and their combinations (ZnNPs and SeNPs and ZnNPs + SeNPs) on growth efficiency, the carcass, blood indicators, and meat criteria traits in chickens during 38 days. Materials and Methods: Two hundred forty (Cobb 500) 7-day-old chicks were divided in entirely random form into 4 groups, each group divided into 6 replicates of 10 chicks. Dietary supplements were given in accordance with a corn-soybean diet in the following 4 test treatments: 0.0 (T0), 1.5 mg/kg SeNPs(T1), 2.0 mg/kg ZnNPs(T2), and 1.5 mg/kg SeNPs + 2.0 mg/kg ZnNPs(T3). Water and feed were provided at all times during the 38-day period. Results: The findings concluded that the mixing of SeNPs, ZnNPs, or its combination as feed addition improved rates of growth, as illustrated by higher “body weight” and reduced “feed intake and feed conversion ratio”. The results indicated that there were no appreciable variations (p ≤ 0.05) in carcass measurements between the treatments. Additionally, hematological markers showed significant improvements, with decreased amounts of “uric acid, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein”, while high-density lipoprotein values increased in chicks feeding ZnNPs or SeNPs compared to the control group in eating. Additionally, T3 levels were lowered and T4 levels were raised when SeNPs, ZnNPs, or a mixture of the two were given. Additionally, these treatments affected immunological responses, leading to increased immunoglobulin (IgM and IgG) levels. By increasing moisture quantity while maintaining carcass texture, aroma, tenderness, juiciness, and acceptability scores, these supplements also had an impact on meat quality. Conclusion: The addition of SeNPs and ZnNPs to the chicken diet enhanced immune system function, growth, and blood criteria. This raises the possibility of a substitute for popular growth boosters and organic immune modulators. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 12(2): 539–548, June 2025 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l918
Copyright (c) 2025 Reem Hasaballah Alhasani http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Occurrences, distributions, and bioactive compounds of marine seaweeds in the southeast coasts of Bangladesh.
Objective: The study was conducted to assess the seasonal and geographical distributions, proximate compositions, and secondary metabolites of some of the commercially important seaweed species in the southeast coasts of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A temporal survey was conducted to know the seasonal and monthly distribution of seaweeds in different areas of the southeast coasts in Bangladesh. The representative samples were collected for proximate analysis and phytochemical screening by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: The results showed that Saint Martin’s Island was the hotspot for the seaweeds in Bangladesh but sporadically distributed in the different areas of Cox’s Bazar district. Enteromorpha intestinalis and Hypnea musciformis were found from October to April, while the rest of the seaweed species were mostly observed during the winter season. The highest crude protein with the lowest crude fiber was found in Gracilaria tenuistipitata, but the highest ash content was recorded in E. intestinalis. However, the highest level of tannin and saponin was found in Asparagopsis taxiformis, whereas the lowest was in Sargassum flavicans. Conclusion: The occurrences and distributions of seaweeds vary depending on the species in the southeast coastal areas of Bangladesh, where Saint Martin’s Island is the largest reservoir. Most of the marine seaweeds found in the coastal areas of Bangladesh are rich in nutritive and bioactive compounds, which can be used as an alternative source of animal feed/feed additives for climate-smart livestock production. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 12(2): 549–557, June 2025 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l919
Copyright (c) 2025 Md Sabbir Chowdhury, Latifa Akter, Md Humayon Kabir, Junayetul Islam, Morsheda Nasrin, Ummay Ayman, Md Abul Kalam, Ziaul Haque http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Isolation and identification of local white-rot fungi from West Sumatra and their potential for biodelignification of ruminant feed
Objective: This research aimed to isolate and identify potential white-rot fungi from various locations in West Sumatra, Indonesia, that could be used for biodelignification of animal feed ingredients. Materials and Methods: Wood samples with fungal infections were directly observed, and the visual method was employed to collect samples. The purified white-rot fungi isolates underwent the Bavendamm test to evaluate their biodelignification capabilities. Results: Eight of the 15 purified white-rot fungi isolates demonstrated positive results in the Bavendamm test, indicating their potential for biodelignification. Further analysis revealed the presence of three indigenous white-rot fungi species in West Sumatra: Exidia sp., Trametes sp., and Phanerochaete sp. These findings highlight the richness of white-rot fungi biodiversity in the region and underscore their suitability for lignin degradation in animal feed ingredients. Additionally, the successful isolation and identification of these fungi represent a crucial step toward sustainable biotechnological applications in livestock farming. Conclusion: The identified white-rot fungi have shown promising capabilities for lignin degradation in animal feed ingredients. However, further research is essential to ascertain the optimal enzyme ratio for lignin degradation and to enhance the identification techniques for a broader range of white-rot fungi species. This study provides a foundational step toward improving animal feed quality in the region, especially for ruminants. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 12(2): 558–564, June 2025 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l920
Copyright (c) 2025 Eli Ratni, Lendrawati Lendrawati, Fadilla Hefzi, Mufidhatul Muqarramah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Microbial community of civet excreta fed by robusta cherry coffee in Indonesian civet coffee production.
Objectives: Kopi luwak (civet coffee) is produced through a fermentation process in the digestive system of civets. This study aims to investigate the diversity of microorganisms in Indonesian civet excreta fed with robusta coffee cherries. Materials and Methods: Six excreta samples were collected from male and female Indonesian civets of three species: binturong (Arctictis binturong), Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), and masked palm civet (Paguma larvata). Microbial diversity was analyzed using next-generation sequencing. Results: Based on alpha and beta diversity analysis, the microbial community in civet excreta differs. Microbes found in the excreta of male P. hermaphroditus (PH-M) were the most diverse. Microbes were identified in the bacterial and yeast domains. The relative abundance of bacteria was higher than yeast. The occurrence of non-pathogenic bacteria (50.76%–90.51%) was higher than pathogens (9.49%–41.24%). The dominant bacteria in the excreta of all civets were Escherichia coli (15.98%–54.68%). Although not dominant microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeast are present in civet excreta. The LAB present in the range from 0.16% to 32.14%, with the most abundant LAB being Streptococcus pasteurianus, Weissella confusa, and W. cibaria. Meanwhile, the identified yeasts were Hanseniaspora opuntiae and H. uvarum. Pathogenic bacteria, both spore-forming and non-spore-forming, were also present in civet excreta. The virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance gene cluster were detected. Conclusion: The microbial diversity of Indonesian civet excreta is influenced by species and sex. PH-M contains the most diverse microbes. The presence of foodborne pathogens in civet excreta may be carried over into the beans, and hence, further processing of the beans should assure the safety of the beans. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 12(2): 565–581, June 2025 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l921
Copyright (c) 2025 Sri Winarsih, Uswatun Hasanah, Lilis Nuraida, Nuri Andarwulan, Wisnu Ananta Kusuma http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Chloride content in goat milk as a diagnostic marker for subclinical mastitis.
Objective: The purpose of the research was to assess possible diagnostic parameters related to subclinical mastitis in goats. Materials and Methods: Individual samples of milk from goats were separated into three groups based on the chloride concentration: group I < 70 mmol/l; II group 70–85 mmol/l; III group > 85 mmol/l. The composition of milk was studied, and smears were also made. Results: When the chloride content in goat milk exceeds 85 mmol/l, the somatic cell count increases by 3.2–5.7 times in relation to milk with a chloride content below 70 mmol/l, depending on the research method used. In the second group, the indicators exceed those of the first group by 2.1–3.8 times. Compared to the second and third groups, the indicator of electrical conductivity in goats of the first group was lower by 13.1% and 31.3%, respectively. Milk from healthy goats, characterized by a chloride content of less than 70 mmol/l, shows a chlorosugar number averaging 5 (ranging from 4.1 to 5.9). In cases where chloride levels in milk exceed 85 mmol/l, the average indicator of the chlorosugar number is 7.2 (from 6.5 to 7.9). If the content of chlorides is > 85 mmol/l, a positive result of the settling test with goat’s milk is noted. Conclusion: A set of indicators such as chloride content > 85 mmol/l, the number of somatic cells >2 million/ml, chlorosugar number ≥ 7, along with confirmed results in the settling and mastidine tests—can be used as a diagnostic criterion for subclinical mastitis in goats. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 12(2): 582–588, June 2025 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l922
Copyright (c) 2025 Nadiia Zazharska http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Metabolomic profiles of the silage digested in ruminal fermentation differentiated by various solvent extraction.
Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the solvent conditions suitable for preparing samples of total mixed ration (TMR) silage and ruminal fluid, with or without chitosan inclusion, to achieve more sensitive, specific, and repeatable analyses. Material and Methods: The metabolome contained in the sample was determined using a ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry quadrupole using samples in the form of TMR silage (silage with 0.5% inclusion of chitosan, silage without chitosan addition) and rumen fluid (rumen fluid containing 0.5% chitosan, ruminal fluid without chitosan) with and without the addition of chitosan, as well as three different solvent ratios: 50% water MS grade: 50% methanol (MeOH) MS grade (1), 20% water MS grade: 80% MeOH MS grade (2), and 0% water MS grade: 100% MeOH MS grade (3). Results: The TMR silage samples contained 311 metabolites, amino acid compounds predominating, followed by fatty acids and amines. Fatty acids, organic phosphate, and amines dominated the 39 metabolites found in rumen fluid samples. In the TMR silages, 100% MeOH seemed to be able to distinguish samples more effectively than other solvents; moreover, cinnamic acid, D-(+)-proline, and L(+)-ornithine were the three highest variable importance for projection values among prospective metabolite markers for silage samples. Whereas the use of a 50% MeOH to 50% water solvent ratio achieved the best discrimination results in rumen fluid samples, the three highest variable importance for projection values among prospective metabolite markers for ruminal fluid samples were triethyl phosphate, dibenzylamine, and phosphoric acid. Conclusion: 100% MeOH is able to distinguish TMR silage, while 50% MeOH to 50% water is best for ruminal fluid samples. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 12(2): 589–600, June 2025 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l923
Copyright (c) 2025 Ayu Septi Anggraeni, Anuraga Jayanegara, Anjar Windarsih, Suratno, Ahmad Sofyan, Erika Budiarti Laconi, Nur Rochmah Kumalasari http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The effectiveness of Sumbawa fermented mare’s milk powder with gum arabic [Acacia senegal (L.) Willd] microencapsulant as a modified traditional healthy food.
Objective: This study is to investigate the concept of gum arabic (Acacia senegal (L.) Willd.) as microencapsulation for traditional healthy food modified with the concept of powder drying with that derived from fermented Sumbawa mare’s milk with the concept of improving the integrity of healthy processed food products. Materials and Methods: The use of gum arabic (Acacia senegal (L.) Willd.) as a microencapsulant of Sumbawa mare’s milk powder with treatments (T1: 20%, T2: 24%, T3: 28%, and T4: 32%). Fermented Sumbawa mare’s milk samples were dried using the oven vacuum foam drying method with gum arabic binder at 70°C for 420 min. Evaluation of product test results by analyzing antibacterial, antioxidant, Escherichia coli concentration, protein content, and microstructure. Results: Based on the treatment of the results of the research, it has been significant (p < 0.01) that Sumbawa mare’s milk powder with the use of gum arabic as a microencapsulant known antibacterial test (Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393:4.56 mm, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633:7.36 mm, E. coli ATCC 25922:12.25 mm, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442:12.2 mm), as well as an antioxidant test, which has a value of (46.13 ± 0.73c), microstructure, and protein content using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry analysis, which is reinforced with health pharmaceutical information with literature studies. The E. coli test (food quality test) had a value of 0 CFU/gm, with the results shown in treatment T4 (32%). Conclusion: The use of gum Arabic as a natural additive microencapsulant can be promising in the production of Sumbawa mare’s milk powder. The results obtained have a significant effect on increasing protection and reducing the risk of unwanted pathogenic microbacterial contamination, can reduce antioxidant levels, and provide knowledge for the general public in improving the quality and healthy nutrition of traditional foods. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 12(2): 610–620, June 2025 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l925
Copyright (c) 2025 Arif Hendra Utama, Khothibul Umam Al Awwaly, Lilik Eka Radiat http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Phenotypic and molecular phylogeny of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from respiratory-diseased pet cats in Iraq.
Objective: Investigation of Klebsiella pneumoniae in respiratory-diseased pet cats, estimation of antibiotic sensitivity, and molecular phylogeny of local K. pneumoniae to identify its identity to global isolates. Methods: Totally, 127 feline cases with various respiratory signs were selected for the collection of the nasal swabs that were cultured to isolate K. pneumoniae and detect the antibiotic sensitivity. Further molecular phylogeny of positive K. pneumoniae isolates was done. Results: Findings of culture media and biochemical tests showed that 26.77% of nasal swabs were positive samples for K. pneumoniae. The screening for the antibiotic susceptibility reported a higher sensitivity to ceftiofur, ciprofloxacin, cefepime, amikacin, gentamicin, cefotaxime, and meropenem, as well as ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and doxycycline, imipenem, as well as clotrimazole and tetracycline. In contrast, the more significant resistant K. pneumoniae isolates were detected to clarithromycin, clindamycin, amoxicillin, cefixime, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, cephalexin, cefadroxil, azithromycin, and nalidixic acid, whereas, significant semi-sensitivity was shown to tylosin. Molecular testing by polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that all isolates were K. pneumoniae. The genetics-based analysis of local K. pneumoniae isolates recorded an overall similarity (95.47%–100%) and changes/mutations (0.0004%–0.0084%), in particular to the National Center for Biotechnology Information-Iraqi isolate (Lc732203.1). Conclusion: This study indicates the high prevalence of K. pneumoniae in respiratory-diseased cats with significant appearance of antibiotic resistance in study isolates. Sequencing data referred to the close related association of study isolates to human K. pneumoniae isolates, suggesting the increased prevalence of nosocomial infections in veterinary medicine. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 12(2): 621–628, June 2025 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l926
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahlam A S Al-Galebi, Mithal K A Al-Hassani, Hadaf Mahdi Kadhim, Hasanain A J Gharban http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Understanding the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of stakeholders in reporting African swine fever cases in Abuyog, Leyte, Philippines.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of key stakeholders regarding African swine fever (ASF) and its reporting in Abuyog, Leyte, Philippines. It also aimed to identify sociodemographic factors associated with KAP levels. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was performed on 392 respondents, including pig farmers (n = 333), butchers (n = 38), live pig/meat sellers (n = 11), and Local Government Unit personnel (n = 10) between November 2023 and February 2024. KAP scores were calculated and categorized into “poor” and “good” using a median cutoff. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the association between sociodemographic variables and KAP levels. Results: Most participants showed poor knowledge of ASF causative agents, transmission, and clinical signs (83.93%) and disease recognition (60.20%), but many have good knowledge of ASF reporting protocols (70.92%). Attending ASF seminars/training was associated with improved basic ASF knowledge, disease recognition, and case reporting. Basic knowledge of ASF could enhance disease recognition. Disease recognition could then enhance ASF case reporting. Younger stakeholders showed better knowledge of basic ASF concepts. Pig farmers exhibited poor knowledge of disease recognition. Most participants showed good attitudes toward ASF reporting (97.7%), which was associated with overall knowledge of ASF. Most participants showed good practices in the early steps of case reporting (85.20%), relatively balanced on reporting protocol (49.23%), and relatively poor knowledge-seeking behavior (45.41%). Pig farmers were less likely to report than other stakeholders. Good overall knowledge translates into good practices. Overall practices are influenced by the primary source of income. Conclusion: The findings reveal a notable gap in knowledge concerning ASF among participants, highlighting an essential need for enhanced educational initiatives. Strengthening basic ASF knowledge is vital, as it positively impacts disease recognition and, in turn, case reporting. Although there is a generally positive attitude toward ASF reporting, the lack of knowledge-seeking behavior and the variability in reporting practices based on income sources suggest a need for tailored educational programs. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 12(2): 629–646, June 2025 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l927
Copyright (c) 2025 Valine A Cabodil, Harvie P Portugaliza http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Inhibition of Aeromonas hydrophila and intestinal pathogenic bacteria in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fish by silver nanoparticles.
Objective: This research investigated the antibacterial properties of coated silver nanoparticles (CAgNPs) and non-coated silver nanoparticles (NCAgNPs) against bacterial pathogens relevant to Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), using both in vitro and in vivo methods. Materials and Methods: The antibacterial activity of CAgNPs and NCAgNPs was evaluated in vitro against seven bacterial pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica, and Aeromonas sobria. For the in vivo assessment, 200 Nile tilapia were divided into five treatment groups. The control treatment group was fed a standard diet, but the four treatment groups were fed the standard diet mixed with either 100 or 200 mg/kg of CAgNPs or NCAgNPs, respectively, and the growth indices, antioxidant parameters, immune functions, and intestinal microbiota were assessed. When the experiment was finished, 20 fish of every group were infected with A. hydrophila. Results: In vitro assays demonstrated significant antibacterial activity of both CAgNPs and NCAgNPs at 200 µg/ml (p < 0.05) against every bacterial strain that was studied, with moderate activity observed at 100 µg/ml. CAgNPs exhibited larger inhibition zones (30.0 ± 0.58 mm to 36.33 ± 0.88 mm) compared to NCAgNPs, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 150 µg/ ml. Dietary supplementation with 200 mg/kg CAgNPs improved growth performance, enhanced immune parameters, reduced oxidative stress, and decreased intestinal bacterial load in Nile tilapia. Furthermore, dietary supplementation with 100 mg/kg CAgNPs was more efficient than 100 mg/kg NCAgNPs in reducing intestinal bacterial colonization in fish. Conclusion: These findings indicate the possibility of CAgNPs as an efficient antimicrobial factor in aquaculture. CAgNPs may offer a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics by improving tilapia health and antioxidant status, enhancing immune function, and increasing disease resistance. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 12(2): 647–660, June 2025 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l928
Copyright (c) 2025 Samyah D Jastaniah, Najah M Albaqami http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Response of local dairy cows on lipid modulation in different temperature–humidity index (THI) zone.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of different rearing site zones with varying temperature–humidity index (THI) on the metabolic regulation of lactating local dairy cows. Materials and Methods: Forty local dairy cows were used in this study, consisting of 20 in rearing sites with THI 66–70 (Pangalengan) and 78–82 (Sumedang), at 950 and 550 m above sea level, respectively. Basal rations were given every morning and evening, consisting of forage and concentrate. Temperature and humidity were recorded daily to determine the average daily THI. Blood samples in both groups of experimental animals were collected according to standard procedures every month during the 4 months of the experiment. Blood analysis followed procedures based on protocols from KIT Randox (UK), using a spectrophotometer. Results: Lipid activity and regulation appeared higher (p < 0.05) in the group of lactating dairy cows kept at THI comfort zone 66–70 than at THI slight stress zone (78–82). Similarly, blood lipid levels were better (p < 0.05) in the cows in the comfort zone (66–70). Conclusion: The study’s results on the impact of the rearing zone of lactating local dairy cows appeared to affect the modulation of lipids in the body. Lipogenesis regulation and metabolism showed higher activity in the group of dairy cows reared in the comfort zone (THI = 66–70) compared to the group of dairy cows reared in the discomfort zone. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 12(2): 661–667, June 2025 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l929
Copyright (c) 2025 Didin Supriat Tasripin, Ujang Hidayat Tanuwiria, Andi Mushawwir, Iin Susilawat http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Relationship between anti-Müllerian hormone concentration and antral follicle count in Colombian creole cows of the Chino Santandereano breed.
Objective: This study was to evaluate the relationship between serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentration and antral follicle count (AFC) during the estrous cycle of Colombian Creole cows of the Chino Santandereano breed. Materials and Methods: Ten non-lactating, non-pregnant, multiparous cows of the Chino Santandereano breed (Bos taurus taurus adapted), aged between 3 and 7 years, with a body condition of 3.0 ± 0.4 and with normal reproductive tracts at the structural and functional level, were selected and used. For the synchronization of estrus and ovulation, an intravaginal progesterone release device plus 2 mg of estradiol benzoate was applied for 8 days. On day 8, 150 μg of cloprostenol sodium + 300 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin + 1 mg of estradiol cypionate was administered. This protocol was performed to determine the antral follicular count and to quantify serum AMH levels every 5 days during the estrous cycle. Results: The mean serum AMH concentration and AFC were 725 ± 2.7 pg/ml and 43.4 ± 3.5, respectively. A high correlation was observed between AMH and AFC of r = 0.041; p < 0.0001. Conclusion: The results showed that in Creole cows of the Chino Santandereano breed, there is a high correlation between circulating levels of AMH and ovarian reserve. This mechanism can be used as an endocrine biomarker of the follicular population. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 12(2): 680–686, June 2025 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l931
Copyright (c) 2025 Héctor Javier Narváez, Diego Armando Vega Borda, Esneyder Rugeles Ballesteros, Deicy Villalba Rey, Ricardo Lopes Dias da Costa http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Prevalence and characteristics of foreign body-induced upper gastrointestinal obstruction in dogs.
Objectives: This study aimed to identify, categorize, and compare gastrointestinal foreign bodies in dogs, with a particular focus on those causing obstruction. The study also sought to distinguish between foreign body occurrences in the esophagus and the stomach, including the types of materials such as bones, plastic bags, fruit seeds, stones, and wires. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 261 dogs (151 males and 110 females) with foreign bodies lodged in the esophagus (n = 111) or stomach (n = 150). The sample consisted of 188 small dogs (24 kg). Results: The study’s findings indicate a higher prevalence of gastric foreign bodies (57.47%) compared to esophageal foreign bodies (42.53%). Small breeds dominated esophageal cases (92.79%), with only a small percentage being medium breeds (7.21%). In contrast, gastric cases included a high number of small breeds (56.67%), as well as significant percentages of medium (22.00%) and large breeds (21.33%). Small-breed dogs were more likely to have foreign bodies in the esophagus, while larger dogs (medium and large breeds) were more likely to have them in the stomach (p < 0.001). Distinct material patterns emerged between the esophagus and stomach. Notably, the esophagus showed a higher incidence of bones (61.26%) and dried dog snacks (23.42%) compared to the stomach (2.67% and 0.00%, respectively). Conversely, the stomach exhibited a higher incidence of fabrics (20.00% vs. 1.80%), plant materials (18.67% vs. 4.50%), metallic objects (18.00% vs. 8.11%), rocks (12.67% vs. 0.9%), rubber materials (10.67% vs. 0.00%), plastic materials (6.67% vs. 0.00%), and hairballs (2.67% vs. 0.00%), respectively. A temporal analysis revealed that within the esophagus, 28.83% of cases underwent foreign body removal within 24 h, 56.76% within 2–7 days, and 14.41% after more than 7 days. For foreign bodies within the stomach, removal occurred in 23.33% of cases within 24 h, 30.00% within 2 to 7 days, 22.00% after more than 7 days, and 24.67% at an unknown timing. A total of 111 cases involved foreign bodies lodged in the esophagus, and 150 cases involved items stuck in the stomach. Endoscopic methods were primarily employed to remove foreign bodies, with surgical intervention required for 4 (3.60%) esophageal and 8 (5.30%) gastric cases, including noncrushable bones and resistant items such as rubber ducks. In dogs with complete follow-up, surgical removal of esophageal foreign bodies had a higher mortality rate (3/4, 75.00%) compared with endoscopic removal (3/56, 5.36%) (p < 0.002), while no mortality was observed in dogs with gastric foreign bodies undergoing surgical or endoscopic removal (p = 0.149). Conclusion: Esophageal foreign bodies were primarily composed of bones and dried dog snacks, while gastric foreign bodies more often contained fabrics, plant materials, and metallic objects. These composition differences highlight the need for site-specific management strategies. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 12(2): 601–609, June 2025 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l924
Copyright (c) 2025 Lalita Laiket, Wijit Sutthiprapa, Suchawalee Khattiya, Pimjai Temwichitr, Jatuporn Rattanasrisomporn, Naris Thengchaisri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The first study of reference intervals for blood biochemistry of healthy pet Pacific parrotlets (Forpus coelestis) in Thailand.
Objective: This study aimed to establish baseline biochemical reference values for apparently healthy Pacific parrotlets in Thailand. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were obtained from 30 healthy individuals, and analyses were conducted using the VETSCAN® VS2 with Avian/Reptilian Profile Plus rotors. Results: The results showed the measured biochemical parameters with the reference intervals included aspartate aminotransferase (73–274 U/L), glucose (235–324 mg/dl), total protein (2–3.3 gm/dl), albumin (1.5–2.5 gm/dl), globulin (0.1–1.2 gm/dl), phosphorus (1.2–5 mg/dl), calcium (7.9–9.7 mg/dl), sodium (147–157 μmol/l), potassium (2.2–3.8 μmol/l), bile acids (0–34 μmol/l), creatine kinase (44–543 U/L), uric acid (1.4–9.7 mg/dl), plasma protein (3–5 gm/dl), and packed cell volume (49%–55%). Conclusion: This study offers the first reference biochemistry values specific to Pacific parrotlets in Thailand, contributing to improved veterinary clinical practices, accurate diagnosis, and effective care for this species. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 12(2): 344–349, June 2025 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l902
Copyright (c) 2025 Benchapol Lorsunyaluck, Orapat Kaewthumchai, Chaya Tinnakorn, Tanawan Phisitwanich, Sasipat Putsetkun, Natapol Pumipuntu http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Status of antimicrobial resistance in food animals in Pakistan (2016–2020): A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health issue, causing an estimated 1.27 million deaths in 2019. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the burden of AMR in food animals in Pakistan, identify resistant microbes, and highlight emerging trends in multidrug resistance (MDR). The major databases were searched for articles published between 2016 and 2020 on the prevalence of AMR in food animals in Pakistan. A random-effects model was employed to pool the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and non-Enterobacteriaceae pathogens. Among 1,145 studies, 35 met the inclusion criteria as evidence of AMR in food animals. Escherichia coli showed the highest resistance to ampicillin (59.5%), ciprofloxacin (49%), oxytetracycline (39%), and chloramphenicol (35%); Salmonella to ampicillin (78.4%), amoxicillin (53.9%), chloramphenicol (40%), tetracycline (39.3%), and ciprofloxacin (39%); Staphylococci to cefoxitin (53.8%) and penicillin (34.8%); and Campylobacter and Klebsiella to ciprofloxacin (50.4% and 83.3%, respectively). MDR was observed in E. coli (12/12 studies), Salmonella (7/10), Staphylococci (3/8), Campylobacter (3/3), and Klebsiella (1/3), with extensive drug resistance in E. coli (3/12), Salmonella (4/10), Campylobacter (1/3), and Klebsiella (2/2). Enterobacteriaceae showed significant resistance to tetracyclines (pooled prevalence/PPr = 0.75) and aminopenicillins (PPr = 0.74), whereas non-Enterobacteriaceae showed resistance to cephalosporins (PPr = 0.67) and aminopenicillins (PPr = 0.59), both with substantial heterogeneity. This review shows the existence of bacteria resistant to commonly used antimicrobials in food animals, potentially a threat to both human and animal health. The findings suggest the continuous monitoring of AMR and antimicrobial use (AMU) and the regulation of AMU in the food and agriculture sectors. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 12(2): 668–679, June 2025 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l930
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Javed Arshed, Muhammad Umair, Usman Talib, Muhammad Farooq Tahir, Muhammad Abubakar, Sami Ullah Khan Bahadur, Tahmeena Tahmeena, Riasat Wasee Ullah, Mashkoor Mohsin, Muhammad Athar Abbas, Qadeer Ahsan, Javaria Alam, Muhammad Usman Zaheer http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Revolutionizing pig farming: Japan’s technological innovations and environmental strategies for sustainability.
Objective: This review examines Japan’s pig farming landscape, highlighting key barriers while exploring projects that foster large-scale sustainable development efforts by emphasizing precision technologies integration and policy implications. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted using keyword searches across Google Scholar, covering studies published between 2018 and 2024. The review encompassed studies on Japan’s pig farming, addressing prospects, production metrics, challenges, consumption patterns, market trends, precision technologies, and insights from peer-reviewed journals, credible websites, government reports, and conference proceedings. Results: Japan, one of Asia’s largest pork consumers, relies on imports, with domestic production covering only 47.08% of consumption, highlighting a need for greater efficiency. Although small-scale farms continue to dominate the pig industry, the sector is navigating a pivotal shift toward modernization and the expansion of large-scale operations. Farmers face mounting pressures from feed costs, labor shortages, diseases, and strict environmental regulations. Precision pig farming technologies address these by optimizing resource use, enabling early disease detection to reduce costs, improving herd health to promote better welfare, and managing manure to reduce emissions. Conclusion: Integrating large-scale operations with precision pig farming technologies can redefine Japanese pig farming, promoting animal welfare and environmental sustainability. The government must secure financial backing (partial or full subsidies) to support large-scale operations, tax reductions on imported tools, and grants to foster domestic tools and renewable energy innovations to achieve this. Future life-cycle assessment research will be essential for evaluating the long-term environmental impacts, ensuring viability, and promoting sustainability in Japan’s pork production sector. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 12(2): 454–476, June 2025 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l912
Copyright (c) 2025 Md Kamrul Hasan, Hong-Seok Mun, Eddiemar B Lagua, Hae-Rang Park, Young-Hwa Kim, Md Sharifuzzaman, Jin-Gu Kang, Chul-Ju Yang http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The dual role of extracellular vesicles derived from animal and human immune cells: A systematic review.
This review aims to examine the functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs) originating from animal and human immune cells, with a focus on their roles in immunomodulation and therapeutic potential. It highlights their dual effects in infection and autoimmunity, cancer treatment, inflammatory conditions, and regenerative medicine while also addressing the challenges in standardizing EV production, isolation, and characterization for clinical applications. This review highlights the need for robust protocols to advance EV-based therapies. It also synthesizes current literature on immune cell-derived EVs, with a focus on their mechanisms of action in intercellular communication, immune modulation, and therapeutic delivery. Additionally, it examines studies that explore the regenerative potential of immune cell-derived EVs and discusses the technical and methodological challenges involved in EV research and clinical translation. EVs from immune cells can either boost or reduce immune responses in tumor therapy, which greatly affects how cancer develops and how well treatments work. These EVs also show promise in managing inflammatory diseases through immune modulation and targeted therapeutic delivery. Furthermore, immune cell-derived EVs possess regenerative properties, contributing to tissue repair and the maintenance of homeostasis. Despite these promising roles, challenges related to the standardization of EV production, isolation, and characterization continue to impede clinical translation, for improved protocols to ensure reproducibility and scalability. Immune cell-derived EVs possess substantial therapeutic potential in cancer treatment, inflammatory diseases, and regenerative medicine. These tiny membrane-bound particles, naturally released by immune cells, carry bioactive molecules that can modulate immune responses, suppress tumor growth, or promote tissue repair. However, before these therapies can be widely used in clinics, key challenges must be addressed, particularly in standardizing their production, characterization, and quality control. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 12(2): 497–515, June 2025 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l915
Copyright (c) 2025 Joseph Bagi Suleiman, Norhayati Liaqat Ali Khan, Maryam Azlan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A case report of bilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis combined with dysplasia in cat.
Objective: To describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging findings, and management of a rare case of bilateral temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis combined with dysplasia in a cat. Materials and Methods: A 4-month-old Bombay male cat, normally immunized and dewormed. Radiographic studies: Details of imaging techniques used to diagnose TMJ ankylosis and dysplasia: computed tomography (CT) scans were used to visualize the joint structures in greater detail using CT. Results: Out of the 21 blood biochemical abnormalities found in the laboratory test, creatinine, albumin, albumin/globulin, and total cholesterol all showed a significant decrease. The levels of phosphorus and α-amylase were marginally elevated. A three-dimensional CT scan revealed a malformed fusion of the right TMJ zygomatic arch and bilateral mandibular coronal process. Both TMJ dysplasia and ankylosis were discovered by the biochemical and physical 3-dimensional CT scans. Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of a thorough clinical examination and imaging studies to assess the extent of the ankylosis and any associated dysplastic changes. This case emphasizes the need for increased awareness of TMJ disorders in felines and encourages further research into effective treatment protocols. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 12(2): 321–326, June 2025 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l899
Copyright (c) 2025 Yujie Ma, Xiaolin Xu, Lu Yi, Temesgen Roro Duresa http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0