Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College Journal
A multi-disciplinary peer-reviewed journal published by Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College. Full text articles available
Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College
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Clinico-Histopathological Analysis of Gastric Adenocarcinoma Cases in a Tertiary Hospital in Bangladesh
Background: Gastric adenocarcinoma is the fifth most common cause of cancer worldwide and sixth most common cancer in Bangladesh. Histologic classification may predict tumor biology, clinical behavior, and outcome. This study aimed to determine the clinical and histological profile of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma in a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study with some analytical component was conducted in Chittagong Medical College Hospital including 50 histopathologically proved cases of gastric adenocarcinoma. Correlation of histological types with different clinical characteristics were determined. Frequencies were expressed as percentages and the categorical variables were compared with the Chi-square test. Statistical significance was set at a p <0.05. Results: The mean age of the patients was 56.98 (± 9.55) years, most of the patients (58%) were 40-60 years of age, 58% of enrolled patients were male, 48% of patients were from lower socioeconomic class. In terms of primary tumor location, the gastric pylorus (58%) was the most prevalent subsite. Most of the patients were diagnosed as intestinal type of adenocarcinoma (74%) in locally advanced stage with moderately differentiated tumor (60%). Diffuse tumors were significantly associated with advanced histologic grade (p<0.001) and stage (p=0.043). Conclusion: In conclusion, gastric adenocarcinoma occurs mainly in middle aged males and intestinal type was the most frequent subtype and most of the cancers were in advanced stage. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.25 (1); January 2026; Page 6-9
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Risk Behaviors among Street Adolescents in Urban Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study
Background: Street children, marginalized and vulnerable, face exploitation and risky behaviors due to poverty, neglect and social deprivation. Rapid urbanization has led to a rise in their numbers, particularly in developing countries like Bangladesh. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study assessed risk behaviors among 260 purposively selected street adolescents aged 10–18 years in Dhaka and Chittagong. Data were collected through pretested, semi-structured interviews from January to December 2017. Results: The majority of street adolescents were aged 13–16 years (76.2%) with a mean age of 14.8±1.6 years. Most were male (81.0%) and had little or no formal education. While 75.8% reported their parents living together, only 36.5% were living with them; many stayed with friends (81.2%) and spent time in public transit areas (60%). Key findings on substance use revealed that 73.8% of respondents used substances, primarily cigarettes (58.2%), ganja (25.6%), and glue (13.3%). Loneliness, mental pressure, and curiosity were significant contributing factors. A notable 12.7% of respondents reported experiencing early sexual harassment, mostly by relatives. Sexual risk behaviors included early sexual encounters (16.2%), with curiosity being the leading cause. Among those with sexual experience, 23.8% had engaged in sex as a profession. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses showed significant associations between substance use and factors such as age, education, family structure, and income (p<0.05). Older adolescents, males, and those not living with parents had higher rates of substance use. Family structure and parental presence played a protective role, with family substance use also influencing children’s behavior. Conclusion: These findings highlight the heightened vulnerability of street adolescentsto substance abuse and sexual exploitation, emphasizing the urgent need for focused interventions that prioritize family support, education and prevention of substance use. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.25 (1); January 2026; Page 10-16
Fetal and Maternal Outcomes due to Premature Rupture of Membrane (PROM)
Background: About ten to fifteen percent of pregnancies result in premature Preterm Rupture of Membranes (PROM) which is responsible for one-third of preterm deliveries. A membrane's spontaneous rupture before the commencement of active labour is known as a Pre-labour Rupture of Membrane (PROM). About 70% of PROM occurrences happen during term pregnancies. Our main goal was to determine the maternal and newborn outcomes in PROM instances involving mother and child. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Marine City Medical College and Hospital, Chattogram, between September 2024 and February 2025. About 104 women with PROM with more than 32 weeks of gestational age who were admitted to the above department for delivery were enrolled in this study. Results: The participants’ age ranged between 18-42 years. Overall, the median age of the respondents was 26 years (Interquartile range [IQR] 22, 28). Mean± SD – 25.49± 4.76 years. The maximum (40) participants were within the age group 23- 27. Patientsaccording to the incidence of parity,reveal the highest number (50) of participants belong to the 2nd gravida. Most participants (38) in this study had achieved a secondary school certificate. Whereas, maximum patients (42.31%) didn’t go for an Antenatal Checkup (ANC) although 27.88% of patients had a previous history of abortion, 16.35% had pre-existing hypertensive disorder and 10.58% had gestational HTN in pregnancy, 20.19% of the patients had pre-existing DM and 8.65% had GDM. 15.38% of patients had a history of PROM in a previous pregnancy. The PROM detection only by clinical assessment was a maximum of 73.08% and with the help of USG, along with clinical assessment was 26.92%. 62.5% of deliveries were made within 24 hours of detection. 81.73% of participants were given birth of their baby by spontaneous delivery, the mode of delivery was 56.73% for vaginal delivery and 43.27% for caesarian section. Most of the causes of the caesarian section were fetal distress (26.67%). Only 33.73% of pregnancies with PROM showed signs of infection and the majority (39.39%) were wound infections. Conclusion: 81.73% of mother were given birth of their baby by spontaneous delivery, the mode of delivery was 56.73% for vaginal delivery and 43.27% for caesarian section. Most of the causes of caesarian section were fetal distress (26.67%). Only 33.73% of pregnancies with PROM showed signs of infection and the majority (39.39%) were wound infections. Foetal outcomes revealed 59.62% of neonates scored 7-9 Apgar score at 1 minute and 64.42% scored 8-10 at 5 minutes. 44.23% of neonates needed admission to NICU and the highest neonatal complication was Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome, which was experienced by 24.04% of neonates, 11.54% experienced neonatal jaundice and 8.54% developed neonatal sepsis. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.25 (1); January 2026; Page 17-24
Exploring Motivation of Learning Anatomy and Its Role in Academic Performance among Preclinical Medical Students in Bangladesh
Background: Anatomy is a building block in medical education. High motivation is required to handle huge amount of information learnt and to achieve academic success. Motivation is often ignored on the belief that medical students are inherently motivated. The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between motivation in learning anatomy and academic performance. Materials and methods: This was a cross sectional study. 192 medical students of 1st and 2nd year from two medical colleges in Bangladesh were included during the period January to June 2025. Data were collected though questionnaire and analyzed on SPSS. Means were compared using unpaired t-test and ANOVA. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated. Results: All subscale and overall motivation scores were found to be satisfactory. Female students (p=0.00) those living at home (p=0.00) non-government medical students (p=0.00) students who studied for longer hours (p=0.00) and those whose mothers had higher education (p=0.01) exhibited significantly higher motivation. Academic scores were positively correlated with task value (r=0.41, p=0.00) intrinsic goal orientation (r=0.35, p=0.00) self-efficacy for learning and performance (r=0.23, p=0.03) and overall motivation (r=0.26, p=0.01) while showing a negative correlation with test anxiety (p=0.02). Conclusion: The results may help educators understand and boost students' motivation and academic success in anatomy. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.25 (1); January 2026; Page 25-30
Early versus Traditional Oral Feeding after Elective Intestinal Stoma Closure
Background: Postoperative feeding protocols following elective intestinal stoma closure remain debated, with limited consensus on optimal timing. Early enteral feeding is hypothesized to enhance recovery, reduce complications, and lower healthcare costs, particularly in resource-limited settings. The study aimed to compare the morbidity and outcome of early versus traditional oral feeding after elective intestinal stoma closure. Materials and methods: This quasi-experimental study compared the outcomes of early oral feeding (Within 12–24 hours post-surgery) versus traditional feeding (Initiated after ileus resolution) in 88 patients undergoing elective intestinal stoma closure (Ileostomy/colostomy) in the Department of Surgery, Chittagong Medical College Hospital from January 2022 to December 2022. Patients were divided into Group A (Traditional feeding, n=44) and Group B (Early feeding, n=44). Postoperative outcomes included bowel function recovery, complications (Fever, cough, wound infection, anastomotic leakage) and hospital stay. Results: Group B had significantly lower postoperative complications on days 3, 5 and 7. By day 3, Group A had higher rates of fever (61.4% vs. 20.5%) wound infection (25% vs. 9.1%), and cough (65.9% vs. 31.8%), all statistically significant (p<0.05). Anastomotic leakage occurred in 4.5% of Group A versus none in Group B, though statistically insignificant (p=0.153). Early feeding correlated with faster bowel function recovery: earlier bowel sounds, flatus and stool passage (p<0.001). Hospital stay was significantly shorter in Group B (4.02± 1.13 days vs. 7.95 ± 2.34 days, p<0.001). Conclusion: The study concluded that early oral feeding after elective stoma closure is safe, accelerates bowel recovery, reduces complications, and shortens hospital stay. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.25 (1); January 2026; Page 31-35
Common Indications of Infant Admission at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Background: Infants below one year are highly vulnerable to infections and malnutrition, influenced by biological, environmental and socioeconomic factors. Understanding disease patterns and associated determinants is crucial for targeted interventions. This study aims to assess the epidemiological pattern of common illnesses among infants below one year at Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College. Materials and methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 453 infants aged below one year in Pediatric Department of Chattagram Maa O Shishu Hospital from 1st January 2024 to 31st December 2024. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering demographic information, socioeconomic status, presenting symptoms, and final clinical diagnoses. Statistical analysis was done in MS Excel and IBM SPSS version 24. Results: Among the 453 infants, 55% were male and 45% female. The majority were aged 1–3 months (37.1%) followed by 4–6 months (32%) and 7–12 months (30.9%). Mean ± SD = 5.28 ± 3.08 months. Most infants had normal birth weight (68%) and 58% were exclusively breastfed. Regarding maternal education, 22.1% had no formal education, 45% had primary education and 32.9% had secondary or higher education. In terms of socio-economic condition, 38% of families earned below 10,000 BDT monthly, 47% earned between 10,000–25,000 BDT and 15% earned more than 25,000 BDT. Urban residents accounted for 54.7% and 94.9% of the sample were Muslim. Common presenting symptoms included fever (62%) cough (47%) and diarrhea (36%). The leading diagnoses were respiratory tract infections (31%) followed by gastrointestinal disorders (25%) and associated with skin infections (15%). Conclusion: Infants admitted to Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital exhibited a high burden of respiratory and gastrointestinal conditions, with socio-demographic factors such as maternal education and feeding practices influencing health outcomes. Strengthening maternal education and promoting exclusive breastfeeding are key strategies to improve infant health in urban and peri-urban settings. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.25 (1); January 2026; Page 36-40
Clinical Auditing on Rehabilitation of Supracondylar Fracture of Humerus among Children at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Background: Supracondylar Humeral Fractures in Children (SCFH) are one of the most common paediatric fractures. This study evaluated the impact of exercise compliance on functional outcomes in patients following the removal of casts and Kwires who were treated either conservatively or with closed reduction and fixation, respectively. Materials and methods: This observational study at Chattagram Maa-Shishu O General Hospital (July 2023–June 2024) included 100 children (2–14 years) with SCFH treated by casting or CRIF. The purposive sampling technique was used. Data were collected via a pretested semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. ROM was assessed post-treatment using Flynn's criteria at 2, 4 and 6 weeks, comparing outcomes between adherent and non-adherent exercise groups. Results: Among the patients, 64% were male and 36% female. Most were aged 2–9 years (91%) notably 4–6 years (34%) and 2–3 years (32%). Adherent patients who exercised had significantly better ROM outcomes than non-adherent ones. In the CRIF group, 84.2% of adherent patients achieved good ROM versus 15.0% of nonadherent. In the cast group, 80.6% of adherent patients achieved good ROM versus 10.7% of non-adherent. Non-adherence increased the odds of poor outcomes by 28.7 times in the cast group (p=0.001) and 25.1 times in the CRIF group (p=0.03). Key barriers to follow-up were financial issues (60%) and lack of awareness (40%). Conclusion: Compliance with exercise is a major determinant of functional outcome following SCFH treatment in children regardless of treatment technique. The stark contrast in outcomes between compliant and non-compliant patients highlights the need for standardized rehabilitation protocols, like collaborative interventions between musculoskeletal or orthopaedics physiotherapists and orthopedic surgeons, to improve exercise compliance in pediatric orthopedic care. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.25 (1); January 2026; Page 41-47
The Digital Impact: Investigating Smartphone Addiction in Medical Students
Background: Smartphone use has grown rapidly worldwide, bringing both benefits and significant negative impacts such as impaired sleep, reduced attention, academic decline and strained relationships, particularly among youth. This study aims at investigating sociodemographic and behavioral predictors of smartphone addiction among young medical students to inform prevention and intervention strategies. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study surveyed 500 medical students from five colleges in Chattogram using a structured questionnaire covering sociodemographics, smartphone use patterns, the Smartphone Addiction Scale–Short Version (SAS-SV) Smartphone addiction was defined using SAS-SV cutoffs of ³31 for males and ³33 for females, with higher scores indicating greater risk. Data were analyzed in SPSS 26 using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, correlations, Mann–Whitney U tests and binary logistic regression, with p < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Sex was significantly associated with smartphone use duration (c² = 23.039, p = 0.003), as was residence area (c² = 22.502, p < 0.001), while income showed a modest association (c² = 12.775, p = 0.047). Logistic regression showed strong predictors of addiction, including >5 h/day use (OR = 6.61, p < 0.001), gaming (OR = 2.20, p = 0.043) social media use (OR = 2.41, p = 0.002) and night-time use (OR = 2.49, p < 0.001) with academic use being protective (OR = 0.54, p = 0.017). Using sex-specific SAS cut-offs (>31 for males, >33 for females) 78.8% of males and 44.4% of females were addicted (c² = 140.838, p < 0.001, j= 0.531). Conclusion: Smartphone addiction was highly prevalent among medical students, with longer daily use, gaming, social media, night-time use, and frequent phone checking increasing addiction risk, while academic use was protective. Sex-specific differences showed more males exceeding addiction cutoffs despite higher median scores in females, highlighting the need for targeted interventions. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.25 (1); January 2026; Page 48-53
Rural Residents' Knowledge and Preventive Practices Regarding Dengue Fever: A Community-Based Survey in Sylhet
Background: Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection that poses significant public health challenges in Bangladesh. Understanding community knowledge and preventive practices is essential for effective dengue control. To assess the levels of knowledge and preventive practices regarding dengue infection among the rural residents of Sylhet district. Materials and methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2023 to February 2024 in Rampasha village, Biswanath Upazila. A total of 200 adults aged ³ 18 years were purposively selected and data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire administered by 4th-year MBBS students. Results: Most participants had heard of dengue (86.0%) and knew mosquitoes transmit it (75.0%) but fewer identified Aedes as the vector (39.0%) or its feeding time (46.0%). Knowledge of preventive measures was high (93.0%) though use of repellents (1.0%) and aerosol sprays (8.5%) was low. Fever (79.5%) and fatigue (81.0%) were the most recognized symptoms. Preventive practices included mosquito net use (83.0%) removal of stagnant water (71.0%) covering water containers (67.0%) and neighborhood cleanliness (73.5%). Most respondents (64.5%) shared dengue information and 58.0% recognized paracetamol as the safest antipyretic. The majority of respondents had good knowledge (69.0%) and good preventive practices (60.5%) regarding dengue fever. Education and occupation were significantly associated with both knowledge (p=0.015 and 0.032, respectively) and practice levels (p=0.02 and 0.018, respectively) indicating that higher educational attainment and certain occupations (Homemakers, service holders) positively influence dengue-related knowledge and preventive behaviors. Conclusion: While rural residents of Sylhet show moderate to good knowledge and preventive practices regarding dengue, gaps remain in vector identification, symptom recognition and use of certain preventive measures. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.25 (1); January 2026; Page 54-61
Bacteriological Pattern of Pediatric Sepsis in PICU of A Tertiary Care Hospital
Background: Pediatric and neonatal sepsis are one of the main causes of mortality in neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICU) of developing countries. To evaluate the bacteriological pattern of pediatric sepsis in a newly set PICU. The etiopathogenesis and medication susceptibility pattern of causative agents need to be reviewed frequently due to the continuously evolving bacteriologic profile of childhood sepsis. Materials and methods: This descriptive observational study was conducted in the PICU of Chattogram Medical College Hospital, Chattogram. The study was carried out from March 2017 to February 2018. According to inclusion/exclusion criteria 146 pediatric patients were taken as sample by purposive sampling. Data were collected by face-to-face interview from the parents or caregivers. Clinical examination was done by researcher herself, blood culture reports and retrospective data were collected from hospital records. The blood culture was done in the laboratory in the department of microbiology, and in the department of clinical pathology, Chattogram Medical College Hospital, for further processing. Results: Among 146 respondents the frequency of culture positive specimens was 19%. Among the culture positive patients, majority (48%) fall in infant age group. Male to female ratio were 1.05:1, 1.24:1and 1.3:1 in 2016, 2017 and 2019 respectively. Majority of the patients (67.2%) were from rural area in all 3 years. There was no significant difference in sex and area of living distribution between the years. Regarding different ICU modalities among the culture positive patients, oxygen hood was used for (48.3%), Cardiac monitor (24.1%) ventilator (44.8%) and inotrope (24.1%). There was no significant difference in provision of different ICU modalities between culture positive and negative patients. Among the 27 culture positive samples, majority of the isolated micro-organisms were gram negative bacteria (86.4%) followed by gram positive bacteria (13.6%) with Acinetobacter sp. (29.6%), Pseudomonas sp. (25.9%) and Klebsiella sp. (25.9%) predominating. Conclusion: This study was undertaken in order to document the most common types of pathogens causing sepsis in children admitted in the newly established Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of Chattogram medical college hospital and their outcome. From the current study, we found that majority of the organisms were gram negative in the PICU. If a specialized center like PICU has its own microbiological and antibiotic sensitivity pattern, then they can have their own protocol to establish. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.25 (1); January 2026; Page 62-65
Pulmonary Hypertension in Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Correlation with Ductal Size - A Single Center Experience
Background: Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) remains one of the most common congenital heart defects, particularly affecting neonates and preterm infants. The persistence of a ductal connection beyond the neonatal period can lead to significant clinical consequences, particularly Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) which complicates the hemodynamic profile of the affected patient. This study was conducted to elucidate the correlation between the size of the PDA and the severity of pulmonary hypertension in pediatric patients. A total of 260 children diagnosed with PDA were evaluated in a single tertiary care center using echocardiographic techniques. The majority of the cohort exhibited signs of PH, particularly in cases where the ductus was classified as moderate to large. Our analysis revealed a strong correlation between the size of the PDA and the degree of PH as measured by pulmonary artery pressures. These findings underscore the importance of early identification and management of hemodynamically significant PDA to prevent irreversible vascular changes and complications. To evaluate the relationship between PDA size and the severity of PH using echocardiographic parameters. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study involving 260 children diagnosed with PDA. Patients were categorized by ductal size, and their pulmonary artery pressures were analyzed. Results: PH was observed in 85% of patients, especially those with moderate and large PDAs. A strong correlation between ductal size and PH was found. Conclusion: PDA size significantly influences pulmonary artery pressure. Early detection and closure of hemodynamically significant PDA is crucial to prevent vascular remodeling Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.25 (1); January 2026; Page 66-68
Associated Risk Factors among the Type 2 Diabetes Patients Attended at Chattogram Diabetic General Hospital
Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic illness characterized by hyperglycemia due to inadequate insulin synthesis by pancreatic beta (b) cell or insulin resistance. Awareness of associated risk factors of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) can decrease complications as well as mortality. The present study was done to describe the associated risk factors among the T2DM patients attended at a tertiary care hospital. Materials and methods: A descriptive study was conducted at Chattogram Diabetic General Hospital from December 2021 to June 2022.A total of 400 diabetic respondents, aged 45-90 years, were recorded. Data regarding associated risk factors were collected by using a pretested, semi-structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) version 20. Results: Results demonstrate that, 45-55 years age group was more affected (62.3%) and positive family history also shown more occurrence of T2DM in female (55.8%). Majority of the female participants without physical activity (43.3%) were diagnosed T2DM and also observed that the female who intake more carbohydrate (40.5%) and being overweight were identified as T2DM. Conclusions: By modifying lifestyle (Less carbohydrate intake, weight reduction and more physical activity) the occurrence of T2DM might be reduced. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.25 (1); January 2026; Page 69-72
Pattern of Electrolyte Imbalance among the Convulsive Patients Admitted in the Pediatric Critical Care Medicine Unit of a Tertiary care Hospital in Bangladesh
Background: Convulsion is one of the most common neurological conditions that occur in children. Electrolyte imbalance is one underlying cause that, if managed appropriately, can prevent further recurrences of seizures. Hence, this study aims to assess the electrolyte imbalances that may be found in convulsive patients at a Pediatric Intensive Care (PICU) setting of a tertiary care hospital. Materials and methods: It was a cross-sectional observational study carried out in the Department of Pediatrics of Chattagram Maa - Shishu O General Hospital. The study period was six months from January 2019 to July 2019. 100 study subjects aged one month to fifteen years admitted to the Pediatric ICU with convulsions were enrolled as study subjects. After stabilization of convulsions, detailed history and clinical examination were recorded. Along with other routine investigations, S. Electrolytes, S. Calcium and S. Magnesium were investigated and analyzed. Results: The age range was 2 months to 8 years. Male participants were more than female, 73(73%) vs. 27(27%). Electrolyte imbalance was found in more than half 56(56%) of the children admitted. Among them hypocalcaemia was the most common finding 33(33%), followed by hypomagnesaemia 17(17%), hypokalemia 9(9%) and finally hyponatremia 7(7%). A significant number of patients with hyponatremia (p <0.001) and hypocalcemia (p<0.049) showed poor GCS score when it was compared with electrolyte imbalance. Encephalitis and complex febrile seizure were the common causes of convulsion in this study, 36(36%) and 32(32%) respectively. Meningitis, status epilepticus, cerebral palsy with seizure disorder and other causes were found in 13(13%) 10(10%), 3(3%) and 6(6%) cases, respectively. Electrolyte imbalances were mostly observed in cases with encephalitis 36(36%) complex febrile seizure 32(32%) and meningitis 13(13%). There are significant differences in calcium levels in cases with complex febrile seizure (p=0.02) and status epilepticus (p=0.006). Conclusion: Electrolyte imbalances are common in children with convulsions. It occurs either as a consequence of an underlying cause of convulsion (eg, Febrile seizure) or can itself be the cause for convulsion in some cases. If these imbalances are corrected recurrence of convulsion as well as use of antiepileptic drugs can be limited. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.25 (1); January 2026; Page 73-78
Risk Factors Associated with Back Pain in School-Aged Children: A Cross Sectional Study
Background: Low Back Pain (LBP) is increasingly recognized as a common health issue among children and adolescents, yet its risk factors in this age group, particularly in Bangladesh-remain poorly understood. As early-onset LBP can lead to longterm health consequences, this study aims to identify and assess potential risk factors contributing to LBP among school-aged children. Materials and methods: This is a cross sectional study done in the Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka during the period of 12 months from 3rd February 2017 to 2nd February 2018. The study population was the school children from “Willes Little Flower School” Dhaka. The sample was calculated as 96 and sampling was done by purposive sampling technique. Data cleaning validation and analysis performed using the SPSS (Version 23.0) for Windows. The result presented in tables in mean, Standard Deviation (SD) and percentages. Student’s ‘t’ tests, Chi-square test were done as required to see the level of significance. “p” value <0.05 considered as significant. Results: Among 96 school children (Mean age 11.1±2.7 years), low back pain was significantly more common in those over 10 years of age (p=0.020) with irregular physical activity (p=0.020) carrying school bags over 4 kg (p=0.029) and frequent smartphone use (p=0.042). No significant associations were found with reading habits, screen time, distance to school, mode of transport, or homework posture. Conclusion: Low back pain in school children is significantly associated with age, irregular physical activity, heavy school bags and smartphone use. Early interventions targeting these factors may help in prevention. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.25 (1); January 2026; Page 79-83
Clinical Status and Laboratory Parameters of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Background: Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It results from sudden blockage of coronary arteries and is influenced by various clinical and biochemical risk factors. Understanding these risk profiles is crucial for early diagnosis and prevention, particularly in resource-limited settings. The purpose of the study is to evaluate and compare the clinical and laboratory characteristics-including blood pressure, risk factors, and serum lipid profilesof patients with AMI and healthy controls. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Chattogram Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh, from July 2018 to June 2019. A total of 170 participants (100 AMI patients and 70 healthy controls) were recruited. Clinical parameters (Blood pressure, waist circumference, history of diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and family history) and biochemical markers (Total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, HDL-C, and Lp(a) were assessed. Data were analyzed using SPSS v 20.0, p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The majority of AMI patients were middle-aged (40–60 years). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly higher in cases than in controls (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). Prevalence of hypertension (77%) diabetes (30%) smoking (58%) family history of MI (28%) and increased waist circumference (40%) were significantly greater in AMI patients. Biochemical analysis showed elevated levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-C and reduced HDL-C in AMI cases (p < 0.01 or p < 0.001 for all). Conclusion: AMI is strongly associated with modifiable risk factors including hypertension, diabetes, smoking, central obesity and dyslipidemia. Early identification and control of these factors are essential to reduce AMI incidence and improve cardiovascular outcomes. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.25 (1); January 2026; Page 84-88
Post-COVID Challenges of Dentists Providing Oral Health Care in Selected Centers of Bangladesh
Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, dental treatment was classified as a high-risk profession. As a result, dentists faced significant challenges in providing proper oral health care. In the aftermath of the pandemic, dentists encountered various multifaceted difficulties. This study aimed to assess the post-COVID challenges faced by dentists in Bangladesh. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 96 dentists of Chittagong Medical College, Dental Unit and Chattagram International Dental College. Data were collected by pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire and face-to-face interview was done. The sampling technique was purposive. The analysis was done by using IBM SPSS version 26 and presented by frequencies, percentages, charts, tests & diagrams. Results: The study found that 57% of dentists closed their practices during the lockdown. Of those, 44% closed due to the complete lockdown, 31% due to safety concerns. Most dentists faced challenges in maintaining a safe environment during the pandemic, especially in avoiding waiting room gatherings (54.2%) and ensuring infection control (46.9%). A majority (89.6%) felt their practices were hampered by the pandemic, with 19.8% always hindered and 69.8% occasionally hindered. Among the dentists, 18.8% faced consistent economic hardship and more than 80%experienced anxiety or stress from practice closures. There were no significant differences in difficulties faced by male and female dentists (p > 0.05). However, there was a significant association between worries about infection and gender (p < 0.05) as well as age, with varying concerns noted across different age groups (p < 0.01). Conclusion: This study explored multidimensional challenges faced by both dentists in post-COVID situations regarding oral healthcare and concluded the specific recommendations that will help our policymakers to take necessary steps to overcome these challenges and will contribute to improving the condition of the oral health sector. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.25 (1); January 2026; Page 89-94
Intradermal Inoculation with Formalin Treated Whole Cell Proteus mirabilis Boosts up Protective Immunity by Enhancing Memory B Cell Response in Swiss Albino Mice
Background: Proteus mirabilis is an important opportunistic human pathogen capable of causing a wide range of infections. With MDR P. mirabilis infections on the rise, especially on those underwent long-term indwelling urinary catheterization, the need for a rationally designed vaccine against this pathogen is critical. This study was conducted to evaluate the protective efficacy of antibodies elicited by formalin inactivated vaccine against MDR P. mirabilis and to observe the memory B cell response for future protection. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, MDR P. mirabilis isolated from different clinical samples were used in preparing formalin inactivated whole-cell P. mirabilis and employed Intradermally (I/D) in experimental group (Group-1) mice thrice at 14 days interval. Two weeks after 3rd dose of immunization, group-1 and group-2 mice were intraperitoneally challenged with live P. mirabilis and observed for 14 days. Tail blood was collected 7 days after each booster and followed by cardiac puncture 14 days post challenge. Antigen binding capacity of the protective IgG was determined by ELISA and memory B cell evaluation was done on RPMI media. Results: All immunized mice in group-1 (100%)survived after the lethal dose of live P. mirabilis. When antigen binding capacity was evaluated by ELISA, all the prechallenge and post challenge immunized serum IgG antibody of experimental group mice showed significantly higher Optical Density (OD) values compared to the OD values of control mice sera.Blood was collected from group-1 and negative control (Group-3) by cardiac puncture14 days post challenge. Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) were separated from the blood by using density gradient centrifugation on Ficoll-isopaque, and incubation of the cells were done in RPMI media. Cell culture supernatant samples were used from each group to measure IgG antibody absorbance by ELISA to evaluate memory B cell response. Conclusion: Statistically significant difference between the OD values of experimental and control mice cell culture supernatant was observed which is suggestive of significant production of memory B cells that might provide long term immunity for combating MDR P. mirabilis infections. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.25 (1); January 2026; Page 95-100
Changes of Central Corneal Thickness After Phacoemulsification
Background: Preservation of corneal endothelial integrity is crucial for optimal visual recovery following phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Central Corneal Thickness (CCT) serves as an indirect indicator of postoperative endothelial function. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the changes in central corneal thickness before and after uneventful phacoemulsification among patients with age-related cataract. Materials and methods: This prospective observational study included 49 patients underwent phacoemulsification at Chittagong Medical College Hospital from January 2021 to December 2021. CCT was measured preoperatively and on postoperative day 1, day 7 and day 30 using an ultrasound pachymeter. Visual status and postoperative complications were assessed. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the patients was 57.37±10.62 years (Range: 51-75), with a slight male predominance (53.1%). Grade II cataracts were the most common (51.0%). The mean preoperative CCT was 538.12 ± 8.45 μm. Postoperative CCT increased significantly on day 1 (614.84 ± 12.56 μm) and day 7 (582.31 ± 14.20 μm) (p < 0.001). By day 30, CCT returned near baseline (539.94 ± 8.19 μm) with no significant difference from preoperative values (p = 0.283). Corneal edema occurred in 6 patients (12.2%); no cases of infection or posterior capsular rupture were recorded. Conclusion: Phacoemulsification causes a transient increase in CCT during the early postoperative period, which typically resolves by 30 days, indicating preserved endothelial recovery. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.25 (1); January 2026; Page 101-105
Antibiogram and Sensitivity Pattern of Bacteria in Urine Culture
Background: Urinary tract infection is very common. Appropriate antibiotic is needed for effective treatment. The purpose of the study was to explore culture and sensitivity (Antibiogram) of common organism responsible for urinary tract infaction. Materials and methods: It was a descriptive study. Secondary data were randomly collected from Microbiology Department of a tertiary care hospital. Study period was July-September 2023. Due to resource constraint only 153 data sheets were randomly selected. Data were manually managed. ANOVA and Z test were used for validation of results. Results: A total of 153 reports were studied. Age range was 6months to 89 Years. Mean age 41 years and SD± 12. Highest frequency was 53(34%). It was among age group 15-45 years. Female preponderance was there 94(61%). Growth of organism was found is 72(47%) cases. Common organisms were Escherichia Coli 45(62%), Pseudomonas and Klebsiella were 08(11%) respectively. Staphylococcus aureus was 07(10%). For E. Coli, Nitrofurantoin, Meropenam and Amikacin were sensitive 42(93%) 40(89%) and 37(82%) respectively. Least sensitive were Cefixim and Cefuroxime. It was 08(18%) only. For Pseuodomonas Ceftazidime and Pipercillin were 07(88%) sensitive. Amikacin and Gentamycin were 05(63%) sensitive. Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin were 06(75%) sensitive. For Klebsiella Cotrimoxazole, Meropenam and Nitrofurantoin were 07(88%) sensitive. Least sensitive was Gentamycin 03(38%). For Staphylococcus Linezolid showed highest sensitivity 07(88%) and Ciprofloxacin and Cloxacillin showed 00% sensitive. For Enterococcus Amikacin and Gentamycin were 100% resistant. Others were 100% sensitive. Enterococcus showed 02(100%) sensitivity to Amoxyclav, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxin, Linezolid, Meropenam, Nitrofurantoin and Vancomycine. Zero sensitivity shown to Amikacin, Gentomycin. Conclusion: Only 47% samples yielded growth of organisms. Commonest organisms were E. Coli. Pseudomonas & Klebsiella ranked second position. Staphylococcus aureus was third. There is variation in sensitivity pattern. So, culture sensitivity should be done before starting antibiotic. However Nitrofurantoin and Meropenam could be started empirically. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.25 (1); January 2026; Page 106-110
Mission and Vision: Guiding the Future of Medical Education and Healthcare
Abstract not available Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.25 (1); January 2026; Page 1-2
Measles Vaccine before 9 Months and Its Safety: Implications for Bangladesh
Abstract not available Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.25 (1); January 2026; Page 3-5