Correlation between the Maximum Length and the Weight of the Human Humerus Bone

The humerus bone of the humans is frequently used in anatomical science, forensic medicine and anthropological studies. This cross-sectional, descriptive study was done on 100 (43 right and 57 left) fully ossified dry human humerus in the Department of Anatomy, Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh, between July 2021 to June 2022. A non-random, purposive sampling technique was adopted. The maximum length was determined by measuring the distance between the most superior point on the head of the humerus and the most distal point of the trochlea of the humerus. The length was measured with a metallic scale, while the weight of the humerus was measured using a digital weighing machine. The mean (±SD) maximum length of the right humerus was 304.139 (±17.652) mm, while the left humerus was 300.42 (±20.779) mm. The mean (±SD) weight of the right humerus was 91.069 (±26.944) gm and the left humerus was 93.965 (±32.227) gm. A positive correlation was observed between the maximum length and the weight of the human humerus through regression analysis (r=0.653 and r=0.824 on right and life side respectively). The differences were statistically significant on both sides (P<0.001).


Introduction
The humerus is the bone of the arm.It is the longest and strongest bone of the upper limb. 1

Results
The mean (±SD) maximum length of the humerus was 304.139 (± 17.652) mm and 300.42 (±20.779)mm on the right and left sides respectively.The maximum length of the right sided humerus ranged between 276 mm and 350 mm.More than 79% of samples were found within the range between 278 mm and 335 mm (Fig. 3).2][13][14] In contrast, our mean value of the right side was lower than the value described by some other studies.

15-18
3][24][25] In contrast, our mean value of the left side was lower than the value described by several studies.Several evidence showed that the problem of such size differences between the race or ethnic groups was addressed by genetic differences, as well as total body weight, lifestyle, hormonal status, movement, workload of the skeleton.
Same is true for the weight of the bones.
and lower ends.Morphometric study of bones plays an important role in identifying unknown bodies, parts of bodies, or skeletal remains.Knowing the maximum length and weight of the human humerus is very important for anatomical science, forensic medicine, and anthropological studies and may help the investigators to define the identity of a skeleton in their practice.Moreover, those data also help anthropological and archaeological investigations by providing with the evidence to indicate the characteristic features of a population. 2-4To our knowledge, no study concerning morphometry of upper limb bones has been reported in our country.Hence, the importance of studying such morphometry and correlation carry immense prevails in our country.Methods This cross-sectional, descriptive type study was performed between July 2021 and June 2022 in the Department of Anatomy, Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh.Samples were collected from the same department.One hundred fully ossified dry human humerus (43 right and 57 left) were collected for this study.A non-random, purposive sampling technique was used for sample selection.The sample was excluded if the bones were unossified, developmentally abnormal, and broken even partially.Measurement of the maximum length and weight of the humerus was done in this study.The maximum length of the humerus was measured by a metallic scale.One blade of the scale was placed over the most superior point on the head of the humerus and another blade was placed below the most distal point of the trochlea of the humerus (Fig. 1).The length was expressed in mm.Then, a digital weighing CBMJ 2024 January: Vol. 13 No. 01 machine was used to take the weight of the humerus.Specimen bones were placed upon the weighing machine and the reading was taken from the display and was recorded in grams (Fig. 2).All the data were double-checked, compiled, and sorted properly.Data processing and data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 22.0 (Statistical Package for Social Science) for Windows.Pearson correlation was done to determine the relationship between those quantitative variables.All tests were two tailed and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Analyzed data were presented through histograms and scatter diagrams.

Fig. 1 :
Fig. 1: Photograph showing the measurement of the maximum length of the humerus.

Fig. 2 :
Fig. 2: Photograph showing the measurement of the weight of the humerus.

Fig. 3 :Fig. 4 :
Fig. 3: Histogram showing the frequency distribution of the maximum length of the right humerus.

Fig. 5 :
Fig. 5: Histogram showing the frequency distribution of the weight of the right humerus.

Fig. 6 :
Fig. 6: Histogram showing the frequency distribution of the weight of the left humerus.

Fig. 7 :
Fig. 7: Scatter diagram showing correlation between the maximum length and the weight of the right humerus.

Fig. 8 :
Fig. 8: Scatter diagram showing correlation between the maximum length and the weight of the left humerus.
study, the mean (±SD) weight of the humerus was 91.069 (±26.944)gm and 93.965 (±32.227)gm on the right and left sides respectively.Our values are lower than that of estimated by Niraj, Dangol & Ranjit 9 and Kabakci et al. 19 as they found 118.47 (±15.81)gm and 111.63 (±33.34)gm respectively.

27, 28 Conclusion
Our data suggests a positive correlation between the maximum length and the weight of the human humerus, as observed in both sides.The weight of the humerus gradually increased with the length of the humerus on both sides.The results of the present study will provide data for further study to enrich the information pool on our population.However, further studies with larger samples and advanced application of CT/MRI scans on different ethnicities in our country are recommended.18.Zichao X, Haoliang D, Chuanzhen H, Haitao X, Zhiquan A. An anatomical study of the nutrient foramina of the human humeral diaphysis.