Evaluation of Periodontal Changes and Oral Hygiene Conditions in Patients Receiving Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Malignancy
Keywords:
Head and neck neoplasm, radiotherapy, periodontal parametersAbstract
Background: Although effective in controlling malignancy, radiotherapy can adversely affect surrounding normal tissues, particularly the oral cavity. Radiation-induced changes in hard and soft tissues may compromise periodontal health and negatively influence patients’ quality of life.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of head and neck radiotherapy on periodontal tissues and to assess changes in periodontal parameters and oral hygiene status in patients undergoing radiotherapy.
Methods: A one sample cohort study was conducted among 40 patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer who were scheduled for radiotherapy. Demographic characteristics, including age, sex, and personal habits (smoking, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and betel quid chewing), were recorded. Periodontal parameters assessed were Plaque Index (PI), Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL), and Bleeding on Probing (BOP). Baseline measurements of PI, PPD, CAL and BOP were taken before radiotherapy and a, follow- up evaluations was done at 1 month, 2 months, and 6 months after radiotherapy. Statistical analysis was performed to compare changes in mean periodontal parameters over time.
Results: At 1 month post-radiotherapy, a statistically significant increase in PI (p < 0.001) was observed, while changes in PPD and CAL were not statistically significant. At 2 months, both PI and PPD showed significant increases (p < 0.001), whereas CAL remained statistically unchanged. By 6 months, significant increases were observed in all periodontal parameters, including PI, PPD, and CAL (p < 0.001), compared to baseline values. Regarding BOP, 37.5% of patients presented with bleeding at baseline. This increased to 52.5% at 1 month and 55.0% at 3 months post-radiotherapy. However, at 6 months, the proportion of patients exhibiting BOP decreased, with 72.5% showing no signs of bleeding on probing.
Conclusion: Radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies significantly affects periodontal health over time, leading to progressive increases in PI, PPD, and CAL. These findings highlight the importance of comprehensive oral assessment and appropriate periodontal management before and during radiotherapy to minimize complications and improve overall treatment outcomes
Bangladesh Medical Res Counc Bull 2026;52(2): 97-101
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Copyright (c) 2026 Nusrat Jahan Bornaly , Motiur Rahman Molla
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