Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Immunophenotypes among COVID-19 Patients with Different Severity

Authors

  • Ishad Mazhar Deptartment of Microbiology, Medical College For Women and Hospital, Uttara, Dhaka.
  • Chandan Kumar Roy Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
  • Sharmeen Ahmed Department of Microbilogy and Immunology, Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v50i3.79069

Keywords:

COVID-19, Peripheral blood lymphocyte, Flow cytometry, Lymphocyte immunophenotyping

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic poses an urgent need to understand the role of host immunity in viral infection. The disrupted immune response can cause alteration of peripheral blood lymphocytes in COVID-19 patients. The study was aimed to quantify and compare the peripheral blood lymphocytes including CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells and Natural killer cells among COVID-19 patients with different clinical severity and healthy subjects.

Methodology: The study was conducted from March 2020 to January 2021 in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. A total of 103 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients and 20 healthy subjects were enrolled. COVID-19 patients were clinically categorized into asymptomatic (n=18), mild-moderate (n=38) and severe-critical (n=47) group. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected from study groups and immunophenotyping was done by flow cytometry. Statistical analysis was done by one way ANOVA test.

Results: The percentages of total peripheral lymphocytes as well as T lumphocytes were significantly decreased in severe-critical group than in mild-moderate, healthy and asymptomatic group (P<.001). Furthermore, percentage of T cell including CD4+ T cell and CD8+ T cell counts were also significantly decreased in severe-critical group than other three study groups (P<.001). Percentage NK cell was lower and B cell was higher in severe-critical group.

Conclusion: The total lymphocyte and T cells including, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood could be used as biomarkers for identifying severe COVID-19 patients.

Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2024; 50: 148-154

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Published

2024-12-01

How to Cite

Mazhar, I., Roy, C. K., & Ahmed, S. (2024). Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Immunophenotypes among COVID-19 Patients with Different Severity. Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin, 50(3), 148–154. https://doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v50i3.79069

Issue

Vol. 50 No. 3 (2024)

Section

Research Papers

License

Copyright (c) 2024 Ishad Mazhar, Chandan Kumar Roy, Sharmeen Ahmed

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