Bangladesh Journal of Botany

High frequency in vitro multiplication of polygonatum verticillatum (l.) All. From rhizome bud explants

Tanuja Tiwari, Preeti Chaturvedi — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This work aims to develop a rapid protocol for the in vitro establishment of Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) All., an astounding medicinal herb of Astavarga group of plants. Successful in vitro establishment was achieved utilizing rhizome bud segments of approx. 0.5 to 1.0 cm size as explants. Sterilized explants were cultured on MS medium containing graded concentration of different plant growth regulators used either singly or in various combinations. Maximum (85±10.0%) per cent shoot induction with maximum shoot length (6.50 ± 0.11cm) were recorded in TDZ (2.0 mg/l) + NAA(1.0 mg/l) + GA₃(2.0 mg/l) supplemented MS medium. NAA (1.0 mg/l) + Kn (0.5 mg/l) and IBA(1.0 mg/l) supplemented full strength MS medium with 3% sugar showed highest 70 ± 5.0% rooting response.½ MS+1.5 % sucrose medium augmented with IBA (1.0mg/l) showed the maximum average number of roots per explants (12.8 ± 1.07) with highest root length(6.12±0.27 cm). After hardening plantlets were transferred to pots in glasshouse produced healthy plants with 56% survival rate.

Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(1): 203-208, 2024 (March)

Anticandidal activity and chemicals of commiphora Gileadensis (l.) C. Chr. (burseraceae) growning in south Western region of saudi arabia

Maha Al-Qarni, Sulaiman Alrumman , Mahmoud Moustafa — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Anticandidal activities of stem extracts of C. gileadensis growing in various locations and chemicals had been evaluated. Methanol extract of fresh and dry solvent extracts in Tathleeth A region had the highest activity (2.2 ± 0.3cm) and (1.7 ± 0.2cm), respectively. Cyclohexanone of fresh stem extract and diethyl ether of dry extract showed inhibition activities (2.1 ± 0.1cm) of Tathleeth B. The highest activity gained from fresh hot water extract (1.4 ± 0.1 cm) and from dry extract of dichloromethane (1.7 ± 0.0 cm) in Tabala C. The maximum inhibiting activity obtained from hot water extract (1.8 ± 0.4 cm) and from chloroform of dry extract (2.0 ± 0.0cm) in Tabala D. GC-MS analysis showed that the dominant compound in Thathleeth A and Thathleeth B is Bisethylamine, Tabala C are 5-Methyl-2(5H)-furanone and palmatic acid and Tabala D is Amitrole. HPLC showed that Tabala D had the highest amount from B₁ and folic acid. Thus, plant's biochemical parameters are profoundly influenced by their locations.

Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(1): 1-8, 2024 (March)

Micro-cathcment rain water harvesting technology in conservation agriculture and plant production

Meryem Kuzucu , Ibrahim Samet Gökçen — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Water harvesting techniques provide collecting rainwater to reduce water shortage effects and drought as well as added soil and water conservation benefits in dry areas. In the present study, drought effects and flood disasters on agriculture and rainwater harvesting benefits were examined in Southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Results showed that, runoff loss was found higher in the plots of plastic mulch than the plots of stone mulch. Sediment loss was found maximum in the plots of the surface compaction whereas minimum losses were quantified in the stone plots. Best erosion control was observed for micro-catchment surface covered with plastic sheet. As a result, Negarim micro-catchment water harvesting technique was found to be useful and feasible technique in enhancing the plant production and the conservation of natural resources.

Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(1): 9-16, 2024 (March)

Effects of set size and planting date on yield, quality and shelf life of kharif onion under low hill region of himachal pradesh

Deepa Sharma, Aanchal Chauhan, Nikhil Thakur — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The experiment was conducted at an experimental farm to find out the optimum set size and suitable planting date of onion during kharif season for obtaining the maximum yield. The trials had three replications and 16 treatment combinations on Agrifound Dark Red. The treatments included four set sizes (small 1-1.5cm, medium 1.5-2.0cm, large 2.0-2.5cm, and extra large >2.5cm) and four planting dates (July 10, July 25, August 10, and August 25). The treatment combination of 1.5-2.0cm set size and 10th August planting was advantageous for several characteristics. Small sets (1-1.5 cm) produced small bulbs and also the yield was reduced. Large and exceptionally large size sets (2.0-2.5cm and >2.5cm) produced more twins, triplets, split bulbs, and bolting, which were undesirable features. Considering net profit and economic yields, medium set size and planting on August 10th was found to be more profitable (1: 3.84).

Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(1): 17-23, 2024 (March)

Effects of chitosan combined with microbes on blue mold of apples

Ruimin Fu, Feng Yu, Hong Zhang, Chunlei Liu, Huiping Chang, Wuling Chen — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Investigation on the inhibitory effect of chitosan combined with antagonistic bacteria on pathogenic fungi, at different concentrations on Penicillium expansum were studied in vitro and in vivo with Japanese Red Fuji apples. The chitosan solution with the concentration of 2% had the strongest resistance to Penicillium expansum and blue mold decay without affecting the growth of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BA-16-8. Both the bacterial suspension and cell-free fermentation liquor of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BA-16-8 could inhibit Penicillium expansum, and the former is superior to the latter in effect. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BA-16-8 combined with chitosan can inhibit the activity and toxin-producing ability of Penicillium expansum.

Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(1): 25-32, 2024 (March)

Identification of he-ne laser based mutation induced bacteria against grape disease

Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In the present study six bacterial strains from the soil of grape orchard were isolated and identified. Their antagonistic ability against Uncinula necator and Plasmopara viticola which cause downy mildew and powdery mildew of grapes, respectively were studied. Through phenotypic, physiological and biochemical studies, SF6 strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis which can effectively inhibit the growth of Uncinula necator and Plasmopara viticola of grapes. In order to enhance the antagonistic ability of the SF6 strain, mutation was induced by He-Ne laser radiation and, six mutant strains were obtained. Among the six mutant strains, SF66 showed the strongest antagonistic activity to Uncinula necator and Plasmopara viticola of grapes with its genetic stability. The finding of this research provides important impetus for the development of beneficial antagonistic microorganisms through He-Ne laser radiation breeding.

Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(1): 33-40, 2024 (March)

Bacterial load, multiple antibiotic-resistance patterns, and cytotoxic effects of coliform and coliform-related bacteria associated with the surface water of dhaka city

Lipa Mondal, Tania Hossain, Mihir Lal Saha — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The surface water quality of Dhaka Metropolitan City was studied from June to December 2022, with special attention to coliform bacterial pollution. The aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, total coliform, and fecal coliform were high in Buriganga and Shitalakshya River water compared to other selected water bodies. The physico-chemical parameters of the selected rivers and lakes were unsatisfactory. A total of 110 isolates were obtained, of which 26 were selected for further study. Twelve Gram-positive isolates belonged to the genera Enterococcus, Micrococcus, Planococcus and Bacillus. Fourteen Gram-negative isolates belonged to the genera Escherichia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas, Plesiomonas, Aeromonas and Salmonella. Most of the Gram-negative bacteria were multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR). Plesiomonas shigelloides showed the highest MAR (50%). Klebsiella oxytoca (MAR 40%) and E. coli (MAR 30%) showed a positive cytotoxic effect on the non-cancer cell line. Coliform bacteria associated with the surface water of Dhaka City pose a serious health threat to city dwellers.

Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(1): 41-48, 2024 (March)

Characterization and pathogenicity of fungi associated with anthracnose of chilli (capsicum frutescens L.)

Md Abu Raihan Rony, Shamim Shamsi , Md Abul Bashar — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

A total of nine fungal species were isolated from the anthracnose infected chilli fruits. The fungi associated with infected chilli fruits were Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, A. tenuissima (Kunze ex Pers.), Aspergillus flavus Link, A. niger van Tieghhm, Colletotrichum dematium (Pers.) ex Fr., C. gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc., Curvularia clavata Wakker, Fusarium semitectum Berk. & Rav. and Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.) Vull. Among the isolated fungi, Colletotrichum dematium (49.03), C. gloeosporoides (18.06) and Fusarium semitectum (20.12) showed the higher per cent frequency. Out of nine fungal species, Colletotrichum dematium, C. gloeosporioides and Fusarium semitectum were found to be pathogenic to chilli fruits.

Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(1): 49-55, 2024 (March)

Genetic variability and character association among maize (Zea mays L.) Inbred lines

BJ Antony, RM Kachapur, GK Naidu, SC Talekar, M Zerka, SI Harlapur — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Genetic analysis of variability, heritability and character association was studied among 25 maize inbred lines for eleven traits. The ANOVA indicated significant variation existed among the inbred lines chosen for the study for all the traits. Wide range of variability was observed for all the traits among them grain yield varied from 16.03 to 62.52 q/ha with an average mean value of 45.75 q/ha. Phenotypic variance was higher compared to genotypic variance and highest phenotypic variance was observed for plant height followed by grain yield. However, the difference between phenotypic and genotypic variance was very narrow for majority of the traits. Similarly, phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was marginally higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and highest GCV and PCV was recorded for grain yield (37.03, 38.12) followed by ear height (24.12, 26.48) indicating that these characters are under genetic control have high potential for selection. The high amount of broad-sense heritability coupled with high genetic advance as a percent mean (GAM) was observed for grain yield (0.94 and 74.12) followed by number of kernels per row (0.90 and 32.88) indicating phenotypic based selection for these traits would be successful. Hundred grain weight had the highest genotypic correlation (0.834) with grain yield followed by number of kernels per row (0.623).

Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(1): 57-65, 2024 (March)

Salinity-induced total antioxidant, phenolic and flavonoid contents in rice Varieties

Pinar Orcan — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Salinity has detrimental effects on rice's morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits, which significantly impedes development and yield. This study examined differences in total antioxidant capacity (DPPH), total phenolic (TPC), and flavonoid (TFC) content in four different Oryza sativa L. types (Karacadağ, Gala, Tunca, and Aromatik-1) that were exposed to different salt concentrations (0, 100, 200, and 300 mM NaCl). The highest increase in both TPC and TFC was observed in 300 mM NaCl application of Tunca (91 and 83%, respectively). Out of all the applications, the highest decrease in TPC and TFC was at 100 mM NaCl of Aromatik-1 (68 and 60%, respectively) as compared to the control. In terms of the total antioxidant capacity, NaCl applications of Gala, Tunca and Aromatik-1 at 400-1000 µg/ml concentrations were higher than BHT used as positive control. Within the rice varieties, the concentrations of Tunca at 100, 200, and 300 mM NaCl demonstrated high rates of free radical scavenging activity (80.08, 80.18, and 79.67, respectively).

Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(1): 67-74, 2024 (March)

Morpho-agronomıc varıabılıty, herıtabılıty and genetıc advance studıes ın sesame (sesamum ındıcum L.) In nıgerıa

Felıcıa Adejoke Durodola, Musıbau Adewuyı Azeez, Amos Oladimeji Adubi — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study explored morpho-agronomic and biochemical traits to assess variability level and the degree of genetic diversity in 15 Sesame accessions. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, multivariate analyses, and genetic parameters were estimated. Significant differences (P < 0.05) existed among the accessions in all the characters. Four components with a cumulative variation of 85.7% were extracted. Substantial broad sense heritability estimates and high genetic gain were observed in secondary branches (97.8%; 719.4%), primary branches (96.1%;142,5%), capsules per plant (97.8%; 141.1%), single plant seed yield (86.87%; 46.03%), capsule length (99.16%; 32%), and 500 seed weight (95.15%; 34.12%). It may be inferred that a considerable level of variability existed among the accessions studied and charcters like branching habit, capsules per plant, capsule length and single plant seed yield could be considered for selection in breeding for superior genotypes.

Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(1): 75-81, 2024 (March)

Integrated nutrient module: an efficient tool for sustainable farming of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.)

Vivek Kumar, Manoj Kundu, Hidayatullah Mir, Mahendra Singh — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Cape gooseberry is a nutrient loving crop. But excessive use of inorganic fertilizers may leads to health hazards, ecological vulnerabilities and diminution of soil physico-chemical characteristics. Hence, a trial was conducted for substituting inorganic fertilizers with biofertilizer in cape gooseberry to maintain the yield potential with soil fertility status too. The experimental plants were treated with azotobacter, phosphate and potash solubilizing bacteria (PSB and KSB) at 10 g plant^-1 each with reduced dose of recommended fertilizer (RDF) (100- 60%) for two consecutive growing season. Total harvestable fruit plant^-1 with highest yield was recorded in 90% RDF + Azotobacter, PSB and KSB treatment with par value in 60% RDF + Azotobacter, PSB and KSB treatment. Quality of ripped fruit with respect to TSS (15.90 °B), total sugar (11.29%), ascorbic acid (60.03 mg 100 g^-1) and carotenoid content (49.25 µg 100 g^-1) was also improved significantly in 60% RDF + Azotobacter, PSB and KSB treatment. Soil physico-chemical properties of the field was not varied significantly over initial reading. However, microbial population viz. bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes count was improved significantly in all the nutrient modules. Hence, it can be concluded that integrated nutrient module comprising 60% RDF of NPK + Azotobacter, PSB and KSB at 10 g plant^-1 is the best treatment module for improving the production system of cape gooseberry in sustainable manner for long run without hampering the soil health and quality.

Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(1): 83-90, 2024 (March)

Genetic variability analysis of tomato varieties using rapd markers under heat stress

Armin Anwar, Shusanto Roy , Mohammad Nurul Islam — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Heat stress threatens agricultural and food security by reducing yield and causing plant death. The use of intra-genetic diversity in heat stress responses is a potential avenue for harnessing tolerance to climate change circumstances. This study investigated the genetic diversity of twelve tomato genotypes in Bangladesh, focusing on their suitability for summer cultivation using seven Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The banding patterns obtained from the PCR results were used to identify genetic differences between individuals. The RAPD markers were found to show their effectiveness in discriminating the studied lines through the computation of average Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) values, particularly focusing on dominant markers with PIC values ranging from 0 to 0.5, emphasizing the informative nature of the employed primers. Cluster analysis grouped several genotypes with possible common ancestry. Overall, BARI Hybrid Tomato 4, BARI Hybrid Tomato 8, A12, D13, and RHS1 emerged as promising candidates for further genetic research and breeding programs, particularly in the context of heat-stress conditions during summer tomato cultivation in Bangladesh.

Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(1): 91-100, 2024 (March)

Antagonistic potential of soil fungi as biocontrol agent against rice pathogens

Pranami Chowdhury, Shamim Shamsi, Md Abul Bashar — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Antagonistic potential of six soil fungi viz., Aspergillus flavus Link., A. fumigatus Fresen., A. niger Tiegh., Penicillium sp., Trichoderma harzianum Refat. and T. viride Pers. against eight pathogenic fungi viz., Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn, Drechslera oryzae Breda de Haan (Subramanian and Jain), Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon, F. solani (Mart.) Sacc. Microdochium oryzae (Hashloka and Yokogi) Sam. and Hal., Pestalotiopsis guepinii (Desm.) Stay. and Sarocladium oryzae (Sawada) W. Gams and D. Hawks of rice were evaluated. In colony interaction, the highest growth inhibition (88%) was observed owing to T. harzianum against Alternaria alternata.Volatile substances from soil fungi inhibited the radial growth of the test pathogens which varied from 8.33 to 57.36%.The highest inhibition (57.36%) was found owing to T. harzianum against P. guepinii. The inhibition of mycelial growth of the test pathogens ranged from 29.05 to 64.5% owing to non volatile substances of the soil fungi. The highest mycelial growth inhibition was observed owing to T. harzianum against C. lunata. Trichoderma harzianum may be exploited commercially to control rice pathogens.

Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(1): 101-108, 2024 (March)

Complete chloroplast genomes of pallavicinia longispina stephani and pleurozia subinflata (austin) austin

Zhe-Ming Song, Bing-Xin Liu, Mei-Ying Fan , Ying Yu — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Recent progress in sequencing technology and the increasing number of chloroplast genomes available in liverworts have greatly improved our understanding of not only genome structure and evolution, but also its phylogeny and evolution. However, the plastome resource of this group is still ineffective, as the plastomes have been sequenced from a small number of species. In the present study, two newly sequenced chloroplast genomes from liverworts, one from Pallavicinia longispina Stephani and the other from Pleurozia subinflata (Austin) Austin were reported. The former genome has a length of 122,410 bp, with GC content 36.90%, and the latter has a length of 118,441 bp, with GC content 32.22%. A total of 132 and 127 genes were determined in the plastomes of P. longispina and P. subinflata, respectively. Furthermore, 41 short sequence repeats (SSRs), 419 editing sites and 15 non-adjacent repeats in the plastome of P. longispina, and 65 SSRs, 288 editing sites, and nine non-adjacent repeats in the plastome of P. subinflata were detected. Valuable genomic resources for further research on liverwort phylogeny, evolution, and population genetics are provided from this study.

Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(1): 109-113, 2024 (March)

Isolation and characterization of secondary metabolites of commonly available averrhoa bilimbi L.

Shaikh Adnan Sakib, Mm Towhidul Islam , Md Enamul Haque — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Averrhoa bilimbi L., locally known as bilimbi, is a medicinal plant well-recognized in Bangladesh for its fruit, Carambola. This study aims to identify novel phytochemical compounds responsible for the health benefits of the plant by analyzing its stem bark. The stem barks were collected, dried, and ground to extract the phytochemicals, which were then analyzed using microbiological, chromatographic, and spectroscopy-based methods. The analysis revealed that the extract contained sitosterone and lupeol. Biochemical characterization demonstrated that the extract has potential antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties. Further research is needed to characterize these compounds and determine their full spectrum of efficacy.

Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(1): 115-122, 2024 (March)

Effects of dynamic high pressure microfluidization on the physical and chemical properties of carrot (Daucus carota L.)

Xueyuan Jin, Liping Huang , Huamin Wang — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Effects of dynamic high-pressure micro-fluidization (DHPM) on the physical and chemical properties of carrot juice was investigated in the present study. Carotene content, turbidity, centrifugal sedimentation rate, soluble solids content, color, and particle size and distribution of the samples homogenized with different pressures were evaluated. When compared with the control sample, carotene content, turbidity, suspension stability, centrifugal sedimentation rate, color, and particle size and distribution of the carrot juice showed a significant difference at different pressures. The result indicated that DHPM could improve the physical and chemical properties of carrot juice, such as increased carotene content, stability and affecting color positively resulting in a desirable high-quality juice for the consumer.

Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(1): 123-129, 2024 (March)

Carbon pool and respiration of rhizosphere soils of different mangrove plant species in bangladesh sundarbans

Mohammad Ashraful Alam, Mohammad Yeasin , Ashfaque Ahmed — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Bangladesh Sundarbans like other mangrove ecosystems are vital carbon reservoirs in the global carbon cycle. Soil respiration, a key carbon flux, is closely linked to climate change. Despite extensive research on the Sundarbans, a gap exists in studying rhizosphere soil carbon pool (SOC) and respiration (Rs), which is crucial for understanding its role in global climate dynamics, especially the local climate. This study investigated SOC pools and Rs rates of oligohaline, mesohaline, and polyhaline zones of the Bangladesh Sundarban Mangrove Forests (SMF). The oligohaline zone exhibited the highest average SOC content (11.26 ± 5.52 t/ha), followed by the mesohaline zone (9.91 ± 3.09 t/ha) and the polyhaline zone (9.86 ± 4.16 t/ha). The Rs rate was comparatively higher in the mesohaline zone (28.19 ± 5.02 mg CO₂/g soil), followed by the polyhaline zone (27.81 ± 4.38 mg CO₂/g soil), and the oligohaline zone (27.63 ± 4.16 mg CO₂/g soil) though the differences were not significant. Further analyses explored the influences of plant species on SOC and Rs. While rhizosphere soil of distinct plant species displayed varying SOC values, Rs did not exhibit significant differences among different plant species, and no significant relation was observed between Rs and SOC values. Mangroves were noted to store substantial amounts of organic carbon in their soils, yet they released relatively less carbon dioxide (CO₂) through soil respiration compared to other tropical forests. This unique characteristic underscores the critical role of mangroves in global climate change dynamics. Conclusively, this study offers insightful information about the carbon dynamics of the Bangladesh SMF, emphasizing the significance of mangroves as carbon reservoirs with the potential to influence climate change adaptation strategies.

Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(1): 131-140, 2024 (March)

Phytodiversity and water quality of a seminatural Madhabpur Lake in Bangladesh

Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Semi-natural lakes are important due to their natural diversity and various ecosystem services. Assessment of phytodiversity and water quality can add value in a limnological point of view. The present study was conductedon a semi-natural Madhabpur Lake inBangladesh to estimate diversity and water quality. Samplings were carried outin May 2016 and April 2017. In the lake, phytoplankton belonged to 6 distinct divisions. Chrysophyta and Chlorophyta were thedominantgroups in terms of density.A total of 70 phytoplankton taxa were recorded, of which Cryptomonaserosa var. reflexa, Cyclotellacomta, Ankistrodesmus spiralis, Monoraphidiumarcuatum, Cyclotellacomensis were dominant followed by Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Trachelomonas compacta, Trachelomonas volvocina, Lepocinclis sp. and Mallomonas sp. The mean Chl a recordedin this lake was6.08 µg/l and 8.48 µg/l in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Among the macrophytes, Potamogeton crispus, Monochoria hastata, Myriophyllum heterophyllum, Myriophyllum indicum, Nymphaea stellata, and Nymphoides cristatum were the dominant species in the lake. The calculated water quality index (WQI) showedall sampling stations were “Excellent” in water quality status except for two stations in 2016. WQI also showed that the values were less in 2017 than in 2016, whichmay be due to the addition of more parameters in the calculation. The limit ofphysicochemical parameters for drinking water wascompared with the WHO and ECR guidelines and showed no concern for drinking. So, the lake wateris considered as permissible for human consumption.

Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(1): 141-152, 2024 (March)

Gc-ms analysis of leaf and rhizome essential oil of zingiber purpureum roxb. From bangladesh

Meher Nahid, Mohammad Nazrul Islam Bhuiyan — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Essential oils (EOs) are among the most important plant secondary metabolites. Zingiber purpureum Roxb. is a tropical ginger from Bangladesh, but its chemical constituents of leaves and rhizomes, both EOs, may have pharmacological effects. The aim of this study was carried out to analyze the qualitative composition of both Essential oils (EOs) of both leaf and rhizomes of Z. purpureum. The EOs from the leaves and rhizomes were extracted by hydrodistillation. Chemical constituents of the EOs were separated and identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and the relative percentage of each constituent was determined by area normalization. In total, 81 compounds were identified from leaf EOs, whereas 44 were from rhizome EOs. The common compounds identified from both rhizome and leaf EOs were triquinacene, 1,4, bis (methoxy), b-phellandrene and b-sesquiphellandrene, respectively. Besides, the major constituents of leaf EOs were sabinine (14.99%), b-pinene (14.32%), caryophyllene oxide (13.85%), and caryophyllene (9.47%), whereas the rhizome EOs confirmed (Z)-ocimene (21.97%), 4-terpineol (18.45%), γ-terpinene (3.86%) and cis-sabinenehydrate (3%). These EOs could be a promising source for the development of nutraceuticals, functional foods, and pharmaceutical products due to their potent activities and exploitation.

Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(1): 153-158, 2024 (March)

Hydrobiological assessment of two lakes of Jahangirnagar University campus, savar, Bangladesh

Chandrima Das, Md Almujaddade Alfasane, Shamima Nasrin Jolly — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The physicochemical and biological parameters of the water in two different lakes on the Jahangirnagar University campus were evaluated between December 2018 and August 2019. The chosen metrics were air and water temperature, Secchi depth, alkalinity, conductivity, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), soluble reactive phosphate (SRP), soluble reactive silicate (SRS), nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃-N) and phytoplankton density (PD). The correlation between all the matrics was done. 37 orders of phytoplankton from lake-1 and 35 orders of phytoplankton from lake-2 were found under 8 classes (Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Synurophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Cryptophyceae, Dinophyceae, and Xanthophyceae). According to the principal component Analysis (PCA), 53.8% variation was found among the classes. In addition, Monoraphidium, Oscillatoria, Cosmarium, Actinastrum, Trachlelomonas, Euglena, Pediastrum, Pinnularia, and Synedra were found to be dominant species. It examined the relationships between various environmental factors and dominant phytoplankton species in two lakes and found that the effects of the physicochemical parameters differ depending on the lake and dominant phytoplankton type. The study found negative correlations between various water quality parameters and phytoplankton taxa, suggesting an influence of environmental conditions on phytoplankton communities.

Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(1): 159-171, 2024 (March)

Management of seed borne ralstonia solanacearum in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Total of 165 bacterial isolates of Ralstonia solanacearum were collected from different seed samples of tomato and brinjal in various seed sources and 22 isolates were tested to find out the management tools among different management approaches. Hundred percent reduction of bacterial incidence was found with Gentamicin (0.1, 0.05%), Erythromycin (0.1, 0.05%) and Doxycycline (0.1%) over control in both brinjal and tomato treated seeds in nutrient agar medium. Seed treatment with BAU-Biofungicide (3%) exhibited 83.61% decreases of bacterial incidence over control in tomato and 90.28% reduction in brinjal seeds. Garlic also showed better performance in controlling R. solanacearum among the plant extracts. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that maximum number of isolates of R. solanacearum was found to be sensitive to Gentamicin and Erythromycin, and the highest number of isolate of R. solanacearum of tomato and brinjal seeds marked resistant to Doxycycline. Higher germination 40.38% was achieved over control in tomato seed and 26.67% germination was in brinjal seed when the seeds were treated with BAU-Biofungicide (3%). Among all the treatments, BAU-Biofungicide (3%) also resulted in the highest increase of vigor index (77.36%) in tomato and brinjal seed with an increase of 69.91% over untreated control.

Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(1): 173-183, 2024 (March)

Isolation and characterization of rhizobia and evaluation of their effect on radish (Raphanus Sativus ) growth

Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study focused on isolating and characterizing rhizobia from alfalfa root nodules and assessing their impact on Radish (Raphanus sativus L) growth. Fifteen isolates underwent morphological and biochemical analyses, revealing consistent traits with variations in colony elevation. Confirmatory tests identified all isolates as gram-negative, rod-shaped, catalase, and oxidase positive. Notably, 13 isolates exhibited citrate positivity, 14 urease positivity, and 2 gelatinase positivity. Ten isolates produced indole-3-acetic acid, nine solubilized phosphate, and all produced ammonia. R12 displayed the highest seed germination (100%). Significant effects (P < 0.05) on radish growth were observed, with R37 yielding the highest values for root length (19 cm), R5 for shoot length (9 cm), R5 for leaf number (12.6), R36 for fresh weight (8 g), and R37 for dry weight (5 g). These superior isolates hold potential as biofertilizers for enhancing radish growth.

Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(1): 185-192, 2024 (March)

Variation of fruit morphology and genetic divergence of indigenous pointed gourd

Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Thirty one indigenous pointed gourd genotypes were studied in Terai region of West Bengal, India to observe variation of fruit morphology and genetic divergence using Mahalanobis D2 statistics and principal component analysis. The field experiment was designed in RBD with three replications at Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal, India during the year 2018-19
and 2019-20. All the genotypes were arranged into eight divergent clusters in which cluster I included maximum number followed by cluster II. The highest contribution towards genetic diversity was shown for node at the first female flower (37.85%) followed by
chlorophyll a content of leaf (16.77%) and seeds per fruit (12.04%). Principal component-1 had maximum variability (43.83%) with positive loading for the characters like node at the first female flower (0.298), appearance of first female flower (0.265), days to fruit maturity (0.194) and internodal length (0.137). Based on the inter and intra cluster distance cross combinations in between lines PCP-17 and PCP-19, PCP-17 and PCP-9, PCP-17 and PCP-28, PCP-19 and PCP-11, PCP-14 and PCP-9 and PCP-23 and PCP-10 may be utilized in future improvement programme of pointed gourd.

Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(1): 193-201, 2024 (March)