Bangladesh Journal of Botany is the official organ of the Bangladesh Botanical Society established in 1972. Full text articles available. The web address of the Bangladesh Botanical Society is http://www.bdbotsociety.org List of the online scholarly database link where indexed Bangladesh Journal of Botany https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJB/indexing
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Optimization of extraction technique of polysaccharide from staunton vine (PSS) by response surface analysis
For extraction of polysaccharide in staunton vine (PSS), a single factor experiment was carried out to determine the experimental factors and experimental levels. Then in combination with Box-Benhnken central composite design, a response surface analysis was carried out through three factors at three levels in order to evaluate the influence of temperature, ratio of water to material and time on extraction rate of PSS. It is shown by the response surface figure drawn as the extraction rate that the optimal conditions for extraction of PSS include: extraction temperature of 83℃, extraction time of 2.7 hrs and water to material ratio of 30:1 ml/g, and in such case, the extraction rate reached 11.03%. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 409-417, 2025 (September)
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Investigation of LD50, GR50 and seedling development in sodium azide and ethyl methane sulfonate treatments of chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.)
The effects of different doses of sodium azide (SA) and ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) on seedling and root characteristics of chickpea variety were investigated. Lethal dose (LD50) and median growth reduction (GR50) values were determined for mutagens. In EMS treatment, Lethal dose was 47.4 mM and median growth reduction was 12.5 mM. Mutation efficiency was not determined at SA doses and it was revealed that higher doses would create mutants. As SA and EMS doses increased, the number of days to germination increased and seedling and root development decreased. Seeds germinated at 40 and 50mM EMS doses but seedlings did not survive. Differences between low and high doses in SA treatments were low. Leaf and plant mutants had 60% mutation efficiency at 20mM dose of EMS. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 419-424, 2025 (September)
Identification of phytochemicals from borreria alata (aubl.) Dc. Using lc-ms-qtof
The present investigation determined the phytochemical components of Borreria alata through the utilisation of LC-MS. A total of 88 phytochemicals were identified with a retention time ranging from 1 to 21 minutes. Ten phenolic compounds, two flavonoids, six amines and six amino acids were identified among them. The results of this study showed the medicinal and allelopathic potential of B. alata. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 425-431, 2025 (September)
Antioxidant, thrombolytic, cytotoxic and membrane stabilizing activities and fatty acid composition of Acmella Calva (DC.) Flower
In the present study, crude methanolic extract (CRME) of A. calva flower along with its n-hexane (HSF), ethyl acetate (EASF), dichloromethane (DCMSF) and aqueous (AQSF) soluble fractions were subjected to antioxidant, thrombolytic, cytotoxic and membrane stabilizing activities. Fatty acid composition of the n-hexane extract was analysed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. None of the extracts showed any cytotoxicity against both carcinoma (HeLa) and normal cell lines (Vero and BHK-21). EASF scavenged the DPPH free radical most actively with IC50 value of 35.05 μg/ml. CRME and HSF showed profound membrane stabilizing activity by protecting human erythrocyte cell against hypotonic solution-induced and heat-induced lysis. CRME showed the highest (46%) clot lysis. Stearic acid (51.11%) and palmitoleic acid (39.38%) were found in the highest amount in both bound and free form of fatty acid, respectively. The observation from this study indicates the possibility of A. calva to be a good source of different bioactive phytochemicals. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 433-439, 2025 (September)
Direct and indirect effects of component traits on soybean seed yield under seasonal variation
Soybean is a quantitative short-day plant, which restricts its cultivation to the rainy season in India. But due to increasing demand for soybean oil and protein-rich products, the farmers are cultivating in off-seasons also. A study of fifteen soybean genotypes during rainy, post-rainy and summer seasons differing in photoperiod and temperature regimes indicated differential association between yield components and yield in different seasons. Plant height exhibited a significant positive correlation with seed yield during the post-rainy season but non-significant during rainy and summer seasons. A high positive direct effect of the number of branches per plant and the number of seeds per pod was observed during the rainy season while the number of pods per plant and hundred-seed weight were observed during the summer. Days to maturity exhibited high positive direct effect on seed yield across the seasons. The study highlights the necessity to prioritize selection strategy on days to maturity while breeding soybean varieties suitable for all three seasons. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 441-446, 2025 (September)
Exploring the impact of heterosis in brinjal (solanum melongena l.) Cultivation and yield quality
The experiment was conducted to study the mean performance and heterosis for various traits in brinjal. Seven genotypes were crossed using a half diallel mating design, generating 21 hybrids that were evaluated along with parental lines and check variety (Kashi Taru). Analysis showed significant variability among genotypes and hybrids for studied traits. Superior parental genotypes based on performance were PPL, Arka Harshita and PPC. Promising hybrid combinations were PPL × Arka Harshita, PPC × LC-1, and LC-3 × Arka Harshita excelling in many traits. These hybrids show potential for wider testing and use in brinjal breeding programs. The findings underscore the value of hybrid development to advance brinjal cultivation and yield quality across diverse growing conditions. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 447-453, 2025 (September)
Genetıc dıvergence among bottle gourd genotypes
A field experiment was conducted at the farm of ACI Plant Genetics Research and Development Center (APGRDC), Mawna, Gazipur, during 2020 - 2021 to assess genetic diversity among 30 bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.] genotypes across eleven agronomic traits. Multivariate analyses, including PCA, PCoA, CVA, and cluster analysis, were performed. Based on PCA scores and Mahalanobis' D² statistics, six distinct clusters were identified. Cluster I contained the most significant number of genotypes (15), while Cluster IV had only one. The significant inter-genotypic distance was recorded between BG10 and BG16, while BG8 and BG21 showed the least divergence. Maximum inter-cluster distance occurred between Clusters V and III, suggesting wide genetic variability, whereas the lowest was between Clusters V and VI. Cluster VI exhibited the highest intra-cluster variability. Trait-wise, Cluster VI was superior in yield per plant, average fruit weight, fruit length, and vine length; Cluster II excelled in flowering- and harvest-related traits; Cluster I had the longest internode and delayed female flowering; and Cluster III had the highest fruit number per plant. Genotypes BG14, BG19, BG20, Hajari, BG22, BG23, and BG25 were identified as promising parents for hybridization to exploit heterosis for yield improvement. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 455-463, 2025 (September)
Isolation and characterization of lantanillic acid from lantana camara l. In Bangladesh
Lantana camara L. is an important medicinal plant with potential medicinal values and rich phytochemical composition. Lantanillic acid (1), an oleanane type triterpene, was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of leaves of L. camara grown in Bangladesh. The structure of this compound was established by analysis of1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectroscopic data and comparison with published values. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 465-468, 2025 (September)
Economıc impacts of dryıng servıce layout, technology and polıcy subsıdıes on large-scale rıce farmıng
This study investigated the effects of drying service accessibility and technological advancement on rice farmers' income using a spatial-technology-quality-income framework. Based on data from 465 farmers, the analysis showed that improved spatial accessibility and technological upgrades significantly increased net income. A one-minute reduction in travel time raised income by approximately 0.53 yuan per unit area, while a one-point increase in technology score led to a 145.7 yuan gain. Drying quality measured by mold rate served as a significant mediator. Each 1% reduction in mold rate corresponded to a 200 yuan increase in income. The benefits were more pronounced for large-scale farmers, highlighting the role of operational scale. Moreover, policy subsidies effectively boosted farmer income by 22% on average. These findings provide empirical support for targeted investment in drying infrastructure, technological improvements, and policy interventions to enhance the economic efficiency of post-harvest services and strengthen rural livelihoods. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 469-476, 2025 (September)
Bio-rational management of anthracnose of banana with indigenous plant oils
The present investigation was aimed to screen indigenous plant oils for the management of anthracnose (Colletotrichum musae) in banana. Among the plant oils, the highest radial growth inhibition of C. musae (77.78%) was observed with eucalyptus oil (4%) followed by neem. This study demonstrated maximum reduction of anthracnose incidence in Sobri by neem and sesame (64.44%) and in Chini Champa by eucalyptus and sesame (~73.73%) compared to control. Maximum reduction of anthracnose severity was achieved in Sobri by neem and black cumin (~60.15%), and in Chini Champa by sesame, linseed, and eucalyptus (~56.31%) in comparison to the control. Compared to fruit inoculated with C. musae, neem, black cumin, and eucalyptus increased the fruits' shelf life by two to three days. Neem resulted lowest total soluble solids (~9.07 °Brix); eucalyptus gave a maximum reduction of physiological weight loss (~24.93%). Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 477-482, 2025 (September)
Isolation of biodegradable polymer producing bacteria from waste materials of Dhaka Metropolitan City
Bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are the most feasible substitute for fossil fuel based-plastics owing to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. The study was aimed to isolate and identify polyhydroxyalkanoates producing bacteria from various readily available and unusable waste materials. 75 bacterial isolates were identified as PHAs producers from the collected samples. Among them, 33 isolates were selected for their in-depth analysis and identification. All of the selected bacterial isolates were Gram positive rods except one. Considering morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics, isolated bacteria were provisionally identified. Interestingly, 32 isolates corresponded to the single genus Bacillus, whereas the remaining strain was Enterococcus sp. PHAs production was confirmed by the presence of key functional groups notably C=O, C-H, C-O, and –OH, respectively. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 483-489, 2025 (September)
Evaluation of genetic divergence in radish (Raphanus Sativus L.) Germplasm using multivariate approaches in north-western Himalayas
The present study was conducted to evaluate genetic divergence among 18 radish (Raphanus sativus L.) genotypes. High heritability was recorded for ascorbic acid, days to 50% germination, and root diameter. Correlation analysis revealed a positive association between root yield and traits such as root weight, root length, and plant height, while path analysis identified root weight, root diameter, and leaf traits as key yield contributors. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that the first two principal components explained a major portion of total variability, with PC1 strongly associated with yield traits and the first five principal components (PCs) explain 80.9% of the total variance, and PC1 contributing the most (31.3%). Hierarchical clustering grouped genotypes into distinct clusters, indicating diverse genetic backgrounds and potential for targeted breeding. These findings provide valuable insights for selecting superior genotypes to enhance radish breeding and production across diverse agro-climatic conditions. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 491-497, 2025 (September)
Effects of water stress on photosynthesıs and bıomass accumulatıon of kernel aprıcot at seedıng stage
To investigate the effects of different moisture on photosynthesis and biomass accumulation in kernel-apricot at seedling stage, the cultivar ‘Zhongren 7’ was used as the experimental material. Six water levels of T1 (15.0±0.5%), T2 (13.0±0.5%), T3 (11.0±0.5%), T4 (9.0±0.5%), T5 (7.0±0.5%) and T6 (5.0±0.5%) treatment were adopted. The results showed that the Pn, Tr, Ci and Gs gradually decreased with the water stress (WS), while the WUE reached the maximum at 8.0±0.5%. The diurnal variation curve of the Pn was unimodal indicated that there was no "noon break”. The LSP was gradually decreased, and the LCP was gradually increased, and the Fv/Fm, Fm, ETR and qP were gradually decreased with the WS, instead of the gradual increase of qN, the increase was reduced at the beginning at first and then gradual decrease of F0 was found. The height, diameter, root length etc., were decreased with the WS, while the root-top ratio was increased. Therefore, the suitable soil moisture was to 9.0%-15.0%, and the optimum was to13.0% while the limit was to 5.0%. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 499-508, 2025 (September)
Impact of environmental factors on millet quality in the eastern and western regions on the Lyuliang Mountains
This study aims to examine the influence of three categories of environmental factors-climatic, soil and topographic conditions, on millet quality in the eastern and western regions of the Lyuliang Mountains. Ten millet varieties were assessed across 15 quality indices, including protein, fat, and essential amino acids, at five locations on the eastern and western slopes of the Lyuliang Mountains. Comprehensive environmental data related to each sample site were collected. Principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis were employed to explore the relationships between ecological factors and the nutritional composition of the millet. The results showed that certain nutrients in the millet were significantly correlated with specific environmental factors. Millet from Xingxian County exhibited the highest quality, with nutrient composition variation remaining below 10%. Environmental factors played a more substantial role in determining millet quality than genetic varieties. Average daily temperature showed a significant negative correlation (P <0.01) with protein and yellow pigment content, while demonstrating a positive correlation with branched-chain starch and phosphorus levels in millet. It was significantly (P <0.01) correlated with the content of flavonoids in millet by precipitation, significantly correlated with the content of methionine, isoleucine, leucine, and essential amino acids at the average daily temperature, and significantly (P <0.01) correlated with the content of threonine, isoleucine, leucine, and essential amino acids at the average daily temperature. Altitude had a significant negative correlation (P <0.01) with threonine content. The results of this study offer valuable guidance for selecting the finest varieties of millet and planting methods. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 509-517, 2025 (September)
Evaluation of elite soybean varieties for suitability in contingent summer seed production
To assess the soybean varieties for suitability to seed production during the summer season, the experiment comprising seven elite varieties was laid out in R.B.D. design. The varieties MAUS 612 and MACS 1460 were promising in growth and yield attributes. The seed yield was significantly high in MAUS 612 (1863 kg/ha). The yield reduction over the average yield in Kharif was less in MAUS 612 (39.90%), MACS 1520 (40.44%) and MACS 1460 (41.20%) compared to the remaining varieties, showed their yield stability in changed growing season. MACS 1460 (19.57 kg/day/ha) and MAUS 612 (19.17 kg/day/ha) showed high GPE, while MAUS 612 (0.86) and MACS 1460 (0.80) were most promising in SYI and were found remunerative over others. Studies have shown a positive correlation between physiological traits and yield. Similarly, these two varieties were promising in terms of the quality of seed produced. Hence, MAUS 612 and MACS 1460 were suitable for contingent seed production in the summer. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 519-524, 2025 (September)
Genetıc dıversıty and relatıonshıp among sıx wıld corchorus specıes by rapd and SSR analysıs
In this investigation thirteen RAPD and eight SSR primers were used that generated 69 and 27 loci with 100% and 96.30% polymorphism, respectively for six wild Corchorus species viz. C. brevicornatus, C. septentrionalis, C. urticifolius, C. hirtus, C. siliquosus and C. pinnatipartitus. After RAPD analysis, C. septentrionalis is distantly related from other 5 wild species and formed a separate cluster at the highest genetic distance with C. pinnatipartitus (1.1431). On the other hand, C. hirtus and C. pinnatipartitus are close to each other at the lowest genetic distance 0.2638. SSR analysis showed C. urticifolius is distantly related from other 5 wild species and formed a separate cluster at highest genetic distance with C. septentrionalis (1.3499) while, C. siliquosus and C. pinnatipartitus were close to each other at the lowest genetic distance 0.0770. Therefore, genetic diversity and relationship among 6 wild Corchorus species could be analyzed authentically by RAPD and SSR analysis. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 525-530, 2025 (September)
Impact of foliar application of boron, iron and magnesium on yield and seed quality of guava CV. Hisar Surkha
An experiment was conducted at the research farm of department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana to study the effects of foliar application of boron, iron and magnesium on fruit parameters, yield and seed attributes of guava (Psidium guajava L. cv. Hisar Surkha). The experiment consisted of 21 treatments in different combinations of H3BO3, FeSO4 and MgSO4. The results revealed that most of the parameter viz. fruit retention, fruit size, fruit and pulp weight, number of fruits per plant, seed index and yield were noticed superior under treatment T21 (0.5 % of each i.e. boric acid, ferrous sulphate and magnesium sulphate). However, fruit drop and pulp: seed ratios were significantly lowest under the treatment T21. Some of the parameters viz. fruit length: width ratio, fruit colour, pulp colour, specific gravity of guava fruit, seed hardness and total number of seeds per fruit were non-significantly influenced by the nutrient sprays. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 531-536, 2025 (September)
Genetic diversity in rumex nervosus vahl from Sarawat Mountains of Saudi Arabia
This study assessed the genetic diversity of Rumex nervosus in southern Saudi Arabia using RAPD, ISSR, and combined RAPD-ISSR markers. A total of 218 RAPD and 211 ISSR bands were produced, with polymorphism rates of 47.7% and 63.5%, respectively. The highest polymorphism was recorded in primer OPE-3 (67.5%) for RAPD and UBC 826 (83.8%) for ISSR. Dendrogram analysis revealed distinct clusters with varying linkage distances, reflecting genetic relationships shaped by geographic proximity and ecological adaptation. The highest genetic similarity was observed between Bahat Rabiea and Alssawda (84.9% RAPD), Bahat Rabiea and Alothrban (82.9% ISSR), and Tabab and Bahat Rabiea (100% RAPD-ISSR). Conversely, the lowest similarity (16.7% RAPD-ISSR) occurred between Abha and Tabab, and Abha and Bahat Rabiea, indicating strong genetic divergence. These findings confirm that geographic isolation and genetic factors influence population structure, providing valuable insights for conservation, genetic resource management, and evolutionary and ecological research in the region. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 537-545, 2025 (September)
Elemental content, essential oil components and usage areas of the components of two Salvia spp.
Salvia species contain very rich bioactive substances. In this study, the essential oil compositions of Salvia dichroantha Stapf (endemic) and S. tomentosa Mill. species collected from their natural area, and their essential oil composition and elemental substance (14 elements) contents were determined. The main components in the essential oils of S. dichroantha and S. tomentosa species were phytol (33.27%) and caryophyllene oxide (23.44%), respectively. It was recorded that the species had higher K and Ca contents from macronutrients and that their heavy metal contents were below the permitted limit values. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 547-553, 2025 (September)
Growth, yıeld and yıeld attrıbutes of mustard varıetıes as ınfluenced by dıfferent growıng condıtıons
As a step towards the profitable employment of nanoparticles in agriculture, effects of chitosan on mustard under water deficit stress (WDS) condition was investigated. Three growing conditions viz., well water(WW), water deficit stress and foliar application of chitosan under WDS and three mustard varieties were considered in the experiment. Water deficit stress had negative effect on morpho-physiology and yield traits of mustard. However, the ameliorative effects of chitosan application were revealed by significant improvement in those traits. BARI Sharisha-15 produced the highest seed yield ha-1 (1.59, 1.39 and 1.55 ton, respectively) under WW, WDS and chitosan treated conditions. Based on overall responses, BARI Sharisha-14 may be considered as drought tolerant and Tori-7 as drought susceptible. Foliar application of chitosan can mitigate the harmful effects of WDS on morpho-physiology and yield of mustard. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 555-562, 2025 (September)
Antibacterıal and cytotoxıc actıvıtıes of bioactıve compounds from bacterıa isolated from Burıganga rıver water
A study was conducted to assess the water quality of the Buriganga River, focusing on bacterial screening, antimicrobial activity, and cytotoxicity effects. The bacterial load was significantly high, whereas pH levels were satisfactory. Out of 65 bacterial colonies 5 isolates were provisionally identified as Bacillus sp., Aeromonas sp., Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, and Enterobacter aerogenes exhibiting antimicrobial activity against six pathogenic food bacteria. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing method, 3 bacterial isolates were identified as Enterobacter sp., Priestia aryabhattai, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In the cytotoxicity test, these 5 isolates revealed no toxic effects on HeLa and Vero cell lines. Biochemical tests revealed the presence starch, casein, and pectinase. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 563-569, 2025 (September)
Analysis of nutrients and flavor of jujube and their suitability as high value food in industrial development, lvliang city, China
Taking jujube from 13 counties of Lvliang City as the research object, the relationship between main nutrients and flavor characteristics of jujube was analyzed. The difference of flavoring potential of jujube in different counties was explored. Through correlation matrix analysis, principal component analysis, cluster analysis and regression analysis models, the results showed that sugars (sucrose, fructose and glucose) were the main contributing factors to sweetness. Acids (total acids) were significantly correlated with sour taste. Fat and protein show a nonlinear relationship in the influence of texture and flavor intensity. Specifically in terms of distribution area, the high-sugar jujube produced in Linxian County is suitable for the production of sweet food. The sugar content of jujube in Linxian County is 569.64 mg/g, the glucose content is 166.84 mg/g, and the fructose content is 175.75 mg/g, and its sweetness has obvious advantages. Xingxian jujube has high acidity and total acid content is 4.76 mg/g, which is suitable for developing functional sour food. The water content of jujube in Shilou County is 19.5%, the protein content of jujube in Liulin County is 3.59 g /100g, and the ash content of jujube in Fenyang City is 2.79g/100g. These three places are suitable for making functional food and high value-added products. This research provides technical support for the development of high-quality jujube products for sensory optimization and industrial development. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 571-579, 2025 (September)
Performance of herbıcıdes for effective weed Management in wheat
Field experiment was carried out to assess the efficacy of herbicides for control of weeds in wheat.The dominant weed flora in wheat were Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus, Chenopodium album, Medicago denticulate, Anagallis arvensis and Launaea nudicaulis. The efficacy of herbicides pendimethalin 1000 g/ha PE, clodinafop-propargyl 60 g/ha and sulfosulfuron 25 g/ha was poor, which improved with the increase combined application of herbicides. However, combined application of post emergence sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron-methyl 20 + 4 g/ha and clodinafop-propargyl + metsulfuron-methyl 60 + 4 g/ha were significantly superior in reducing dry weight of both broad leaved and grassy weeds. The highest grain yield was recorded under weed free followed by clodinafop-propargyl + metsulfuron-methyl 60 + 4g/ha. Among the weed control treatments, maximum net returns of 87235/ha and highest B : C ratio (2.97) was recorded in clodinafop-propargyl + metsulfuron-methyl 60 + 4 g/ha. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 581-585, 2025 (September)
Weather based wheat yield prediction model for the state of Himachal Pradesh, India
Yield forecast models of wheat for different districts of state have been prepared using long term crop yield data as well as weather data from 48th week to 11th standard meteorological week for respective districts. The data from the period of (1990-2020) has been used in developing the forecast model and the remaining two years data from (2021-2022) has been used for the validation of the models. Model performance was evaluated by calculating the different statistical parameters viz. Standard Error (SE), Correlation Coefficient and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). According to R2 value the performance of the model in predicting yields at district level was quite satisfactory for all the districts. The percentage deviation between the observed and simulated yield ranged between acceptable limit i.e. ±10%. The model is simple and can be used for predicting the wheat yield at district, agro climatic zone and state level. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 587-592, 2025 (September)
Isolation of quinolone alkaloid with potential anti-diabetic activity from Abroma Augustum (L.) L.F
A chemical and biological investigation on Abroma augustum (Malvaceae) led to the isolation of a new alkaloid, 3-methoxy-4(1H)-quinolone (1), along with three known compounds: 4-methoxy cinnamic acid (2), taraxerol (3), and stigmasterol (4). Molecular docking studies revealed their varying binding affinities toward diabetes-related receptors. The methanol extract was partitioned into hexane (HSF), chloroform (CSF), ethyl acetate (EASF), and aqueous (AQSF) fractions, which were evaluated for antidiabetic, cytotoxic, thrombolytic, and antioxidant activities. In alloxan-induced rats, HSF, CSF, and EASF significantly reduced blood glucose up to 69%. HSF showed moderate cytotoxicity (LC50: 23.496 μg/ml), while EASF exhibited notable thrombolytic (27.77%) and strong antioxidant activity (IC50: 5.61 μg/ml), surpassing standard BHT (IC50: 14.57 μg/ml). These findings highlight the plant's medicinal potential, warranting further investigation. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 593-599, 2025 (September)
Estimation of combining ability and heterosis in bottle gourd
To develop high yielding and early maturing hybrid, an experiment was conducted to assess the combining ability and heterosis in bottle gourd. This study utilized 30 genotypes, comprising 7 diverse parental lines (HAJARI, BG714, BG717, BG719, BG720, BG722, and BG725), 21 F1 hybrids generated through a 7 × 7 half-diallel crossing method, and two commercial checks (Diana and Moyna). The experimental design followed a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among parents, hybrids, and their interactions across all 11 evaluated traits. Combining ability analysis showed that both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) variances were highly significant. GCA/SCA ratios for key traits such as yield per plant (0.33) and harvest duration (0.30) were below 1, indicating the predominance of non-additive gene action and confirming the suitability of hybrid breeding for trait improvement. BG714 exhibited superior GCA effects for both early harvesting and higher yield. Crosses BG714 × BG722 and BG714 × BG717 showed the highest positive SCA and heterosis for yield per plant and fruit number. HAJARI × BG719 and BG719 × BG722 displayed significant standard heterosis compared to both checks for yield and earliness. These findings underscore the genetic potential of these hybrids for commercial cultivation and highlight the value of hybrid breeding in bottle gourd for enhancing productivity, earliness, and adaptability under diverse growing conditions. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 601-609, 2025 (September)
Genotype and environment interaction analysis for yield stability and resistance to aspergillus flavus in of groundnut (Arachis Hypogaeal.)Advanced lines
This study intended to assess advanced groundnut linesobtained from the cross between the Spanish bunch genotype,GPBD 4, which is resistant to rust and late leaf spot but highly susceptible to Aspergillusinfection and ICGV 2207, which istolerant to Aspergillusinfection. 198 advanced lines (F4-F6) along with their parents were evaluated for over three consecutive years (2019 to 2021) in Dharwad, Bagalkot and Belagavicomprisingfive distinct environments. Multivariate stability analysis was conducted to identify high yieldingand stablelines with resistance to Aspergillusflavusinfection. The results revealed highly significant variations(P<0.001) with high genotype × environment interaction (GEI) for pod yield and A.flavusresistance. AMMI and GGE biplot analyses identified 18 adaptable lines and five stable lines with high yields across the environments.Two lines (Lines 26 and122) showed stabilitywith high yields, while Line 65 showed minimal A.flavusinfection and is a valuable genetic resource in future resistance breeding programs. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 611-617, 2025 (September)
Evaluation of thrombolytic activity of three ethnomedicinal plants in bangladesh
The current study was designed to explore the thrombolytic activity of Allium cepa, Cinnamomum tamala and Ipomoea aquatica. All of them showed thrombolytic activity which was determined as part of a new probe of cardioprotective drugs from medicinal plants. It showed that the addition of 100 μl of streptokinase solution as a positive thrombolytic control (30000 I.U.) to blood clots with 90 min incubation at 370C showed 68.79 % of clot lysis. In contrast, distilled water considered as negative non-thrombolytic control revealed insignificant level of clot lysis activity. All the tested extracts showed mild to moderate thrombolytic activity. Among these, C. tamala leaf extract showed highest (58.99 %) thrombolytic activity for clot lysis. Based on the outcomes, it is perceived that all the three plants revealed thrombolytic activity which is needed for further analysis to validate the active components of these extracts. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 619-622, 2025 (September)
Non-linear effect of water-table drawdown on water and nitrogen use efficiencies of Carex Muliensis Hand.-Mazz. In the zoige alpine wetland in tibetan plateau
This study explored the water and N use efficiencies of Carex muliensis in the alpine wetland along water-table gradient in the Tibetan Plateau. It was found that the water-table drawdown significantly influenced leaf δ13C (water use efficiency, WUE) and C:N ratio (N use efficiency, NUE), and exhibited a non-linear correlation with WUE and NUE. The leaf δ13C initially increased and then decreased with the deceasing water table, with a threshold of ~40 cm. A trade-off was found between WUE and NUE in C. muliensis. Findings of this investigation offer insights into the relationship between the vegetation and hydrology, as well as, provide a scientific basis for the ecohydrological regulation and vegetation conservation in the alpine wetland. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 623-626, 2025 (September)
Proximate constituents of germinated brown rice based gluten free cookies
Gluten-free food products are becoming popular due to increased consumers awareness on celiac disease. The present investigation was undertaken to develop gluten free cookies from composite flour consisting of germinated brown rice and oat flour with better nutritional and sensory characteristics. Cookies were prepared using germinated brown rice and oats flour to make different treatment combinations. The developed products were packed in aluminium laminates and stored under ambient conditions for a period of 90 days. The proximate analysis of cookies revealed that among proximate constituents, highest mean crude protein of 8.58% was recorded in T7 . With the progression of storage period crude fibre content decreased from 1.59 to 1.26%. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 627-630, 2025 (September)