Bangladesh Agronomy Journal

Growth and Yield Response of Selected Aman Varieties as Influenced by Leaf Cutting

2023-05-07T03:48:20+00:00

Sustainable crop production in the era of increasing input price is adding extra burden while the cultivable land is reducing at an alarming pace. This research article aims to test the hypothesis that the leaf cutting as an agronomic practice could be a better prospective in increasing rice grain production. An experiment was carried out in the experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, to assess the effect of leaf cutting on plant growth and yield of selected BRRI released Aman varieties. The experiment consisted of five rice varieties namely BRRI dhan32, BRRI dhan33, BRRI dhan39, BRRI dhan62, and BRRI dhan56 treated either as control or leaf cutting (except flag and penultimate leaf). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. Leaf cutting was observed with detrimental effect on the usual plant growth and yield performances. Irrespective of all studied varieties, the highest value was obtained while no leaf cutting was performed. BRRI dhan39 was found to be the highest yield producing variety in terms of greater flag leaf length, leaf breadth, flag leaf area, required less time to grain filling, filled grain panicle^-1, filled grain%, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and harvest index in leaf cutting condition followed by BRRI dhan32 in terms of plant height, chlorophyll content, tiller hill-1 and straw yield. No significant differences in yield contributing parameters except the panicle hill-1 were observed in leaf cutting condition compared to control. Leaf cutting at heading (except flag leaf and penultimate leaves) reduced average 10-20% loss of grain yield. BRRI dhan62 shown highly affected by leaf cutting compared to the rest other varieties. Therefore, it can be concluded by suggesting that leaf cutting reduces plant functional efficiency which can be improved by enhancing photosynthetic capacity through proper management of leaf architecture.

Bangladesh Agron. J. 2022, 25(2): 1-9

Intercropping of Dwarf Yard Long Bean with Maize under Different Planting System

2023-05-07T03:48:21+00:00

The field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Field, BARI, Gazipur during kharif^-1 season of 2020 and 2021 to find out suitable combination of maize and dwarf yard long bean intercropping for higher productivity and monetary advantage. Treatments included in the experiment were: T₁= Maize normal row (MNR) +1 row dwarf yard long bean (DYLB), T₂= Maize paired row (MPR) + 2 rows DYLB, T₃= MPR +3 rows DYLB, T₄= MPR + 4 rows DYLB, T₅= Sole maize (60 cm x 20 cm) and T₆= Sole DYLB (40 cm x 25 cm). Light availability on DYLB decreased with the increase of shade produced by maize canopy over the time up to 105 DAS. The lowest light availability on DYLB was observed in T1 treatment and the highest light availability in sole DYLB (T₆). The maximum grain yield of maize was observed in sole maize decreased by 1-4 % among the intercrop treatments. The highest maize equivalent yield (13.75 t ha^-1), gross return (Tk. 247500 ha^-1), gross margin (Tk. 139000 ha^-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.28) were observed inT3 followed by T1. The highest land equivalent ratio (1.56) was also found in the same treatment. The results revealed that maize paired row + 3 rows dwarf yard long bean and hybrid maize normal row (60cm x 20cm) + 1 row dwarf yard long bean might be agronomically feasible and economically profitable for maize and dwarf yard long bean intercropping system at Joydebpur.

Bangladesh Agron. J. 2022, 25(2): 11-17

Polyethylene Glycol Mediated Osmotic Stress on Germination, Seedling Traits and Seed Metabolic Efficiency of Wheat

2023-05-07T03:48:22+00:00

Germination characteristics, early seedling growth and seed metabolic efficiency of four wheat genotypes (BARI Gom 28, BARI Gom 29, BAW 1177 and ESWYT 29) were evaluated under 15% polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) induced osmotic stress (-3 bar). Germination characteristics (germination rate, co-efficient of germination and germination vigor index), shoot and root length, shoot and root dry weight, and seed metabolic efficiency decreased under osmotic stress induced by PEG than control treatment. But the degree of reduction was different for various wheat genotypes. Genotype BAW 1177 showed the highest performance in respect to germination and early seedling traits at both control and PEG induced osmotic stress than other three genotypes. So, genotype BAW 1177 can be considered as relatively drought tolerant genotype.

Bangladesh Agron. J. 2022, 25(2): 19-29

Effect of Defoliation on Growth and Yield of Maize

2023-05-07T03:48:24+00:00

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of defoliation on grain and fodder yield of maize at the research field and laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology Department, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur during the period of December 2018 to June 2019. The trial was carried out in a randomized completely block design with three replications. The experimental treatments were: T₁– Control (without leaf removal), T₂–Defoliating all leaves except ear and adjacent two leaves above the ear at 7 days after silking (DAS), T₃–Defoliating all leaves except ear and adjacent two leaves above the ear at 14DAS, T₄–Defoliating all leaves below the ear at 7 DAS, T₅–Defoliating all leaves below the ear at 14 DAS, T₆– Detopping except two leaves above the ear at 7 DAS and T₇–Detopping except two leaves above the ear at 14 DAS. Light intensity was increased (66.9 to 81.05%) when only lower leaves (T₅) or both upper and lower leaves (T₂) were removed, but when only the upper leaves (T₆) were removed it was not increased. SPAD value was increased (13.58 to 24.5%) but number of leaves and leaf area plant-1 were reduced (60.5 to 63.09% and 64.4%) due to defoliation. Substantial amount of green fodder was obtained (0.776 Kg m^-2) due to defoliation of maize. Grain yield of maize was reduced (5.56 to 21.83%) due to different defoliation treatments but the yield reduction was not significant when only lower (T₄) or upper (T₇) leaves were removed.

Bangladesh Agron. J. 2022, 25(2): 31-41

Growth and Yield Performance of Aus Rice Under Agronomic Managements

2023-05-07T03:48:25+00:00

The experiment was conducted at the experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during the period from March to June, 2018 to study the effects of agronomic managements on growth and yield of Aus rice. The experiment comprised of split –plot design where varieties in the main plots viz., i) BRRI dhan65 (V₁) and ii) Nerica (V₂) and five agronomic managements in the sub-plots viz., i) No management-M₀, ii) No weeding, but all other managements-M₁, iii) No fertilizer application, but all other managements-M₂, iv) No irrigation application, but all other managements-M₃ and v) Recommended management-M₄, respectively. Almost all the studied characters were found statistically significant due to variation in treatments. Significant variation was recorded different yield contributing characters and yield of Aus rice. At 30, 50, 70 DAS and harvest, the taller plant (24.61 cm, 41.27 cm, 60.23 cm and 80.28 cm, respectively), grain yield (0.96 t ha^-1) and straw yields (2.75 t ha^-1) were recorded from V₂ compared to that of V₁. Similarly, the tallest plant (27.11 cm, 49.66 cm, 71.49 cm and 91.07 cm at 30, 50, 70 DAS and harvest, respectively), grain yield (2.34 t ha^-1) and straw yield (5.30 t ha^-1) were observed from M₄. In respect of interaction, the highest grain yield (2.43 t ha^-1) and straw yield (5.31 t ha^-1) were observed from V₁M₄ (BRRI dhan65 with recommended management), while the lowest grain yield (0.12 t ha^-1) from V₁M₀(BRRI dhan65 with no management) and straw yield (0.85 t ha^-1) from V₂M₀ (Nerica with no management). Irrespective of variety with no management reduced 94-95% grain yield of Aus rice that was 84-89% for no weeding and no fertilizer application.

Bangladesh Agron. J. 2022, 25(2): 43-49

Comparative Productivity and Profitability of Chilli-Legume Vegetable Intercropping Systems

2023-05-07T03:48:26+00:00

The field experiment was carried out on chilli legume vegetables intercropping system using five treatments at the Agronomy Research Field of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur during rabi season, 2019-2020 and 2020-2021. The study was conducted to find out the suitable intercrop combination for higher productivity and economic return. The treatments were viz., T₁= Sole chilli (60 cm × 50 cm), T₂ = Chilli (100%) + one row bush bean (50%), T₃= Chilli (100%) + two row bush bean (100%), T₄= Chilli (100%) + one row pea (50%), T₅= Chilli (100%) + two row pea (100%). Significantly the highest yield (8.67 t/ha) was obtained in sole chilli. But chilli + one inter row pea intercropping system gave the highest chilli equivalent yield (21.47 t/ha). The highest gross margin (Tk. 151896/ha) and BCR (3.42) were obtained from the same treatment. The results revealed that one row pea (50%) intercropped with chilli (100%) might be suitable intercrop combination for higher productivity and economic return.

Bangladesh Agron. J. 2022, 25(2): 51-56

Effect of Added Urea Foliar Spray and Leaf Clipping on Growth and Yield Response of Mungbean

2023-05-07T04:43:21+00:00

An experiment was conducted at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, during March to May 2018 to study the impact of added urea foliar spray and leaf clipping on growth and yield of mungbean. The experiment was laid out in Split-plot Design with three replications and composed of four levels of urea foliar spray viz. F₀ = Recommended Fertilizer (RF) + No Foliar Spray (FS), F₁ = RF + 1% Urea FS at Flower Initiation (FI), F₂ = RF + 2% Urea FS at FI, F₃ = RF + 3% Urea FS at FI and four levels of Leaf clipping viz. C₀ = No leaf clipping, C₁ = Clipping 1 basal leaf, C ₂ = Clipping 2 basal leaves, C₃= Clipping total apical leaves having no inflorescence. Results indicated that foliar spray and leaf clipping had significant effect on most of the growth and yield contributing parameters. In case of foliar spray of urea, the maximum plant height, nodules plant^-1, highest above ground dry matter plant^-1, pods plant^-1, pod length, seeds pod^-1, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, stover yield and biological yield were recorded from F0. In case of leaf clipping, all growth and yield attributes were recorded highest from C₁. Regarding combined effect, the highest growth and yield parameters were recorded from the treatment combination of F₀C₁. So, F₀ along with C₁ is suggested for yield improvement in mungbean cultivation.

Bangladesh Agron. J. 2022, 25(2): 57-65

Grain, Yield and Quality of Transplant Aman Rice and Soil Nutrients Status with Application of Fertilizers and Green Manures

2023-05-07T04:43:22+00:00

A field experiment was conducted at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during 2014 on transplant aman rice var. BR11 (Mukta) under different levels of chemical fertilizers and green manures to evaluate its grain yield, grain quality and soil fertility status with incorporation of green manures. The experiment was carried out in a split- plot design with three replications. The level of fertilizers (0, 100, 75, 50% of recommended dose, RFD) was placed in main -plot and levels of green manures management (0, 5 and 10 t ha^-1 each Mimosa invisa (Lajjaboti) and Sesbania spp. (Dhaincha) in sub-plot. Recommended dose of fertilizers of 83N, 21P, 37K, 11S and 1.5 Zn kg ha^-1, were applied in the form of urea, triple super phosphate (TSP), muriate of potash (MoP), gypsum and zinc sulfate, respectively. Sixty-day old Mimosa invisa and Sesbania spp. were in - vitro incorporated before aman transplantation. Combined application of 75% RFD along with Mimosa invisa @ 10 t ha^-1 was proved to be the best management in producing higher grain yield (7.25 t ha^-1) and that was at par with treatment 50% RFD plus Mimosa invisa @ 10 t ha^-1. Quality of grain was increased markedly in respect of amylose, carbohydrate, and protein as well. Furthermore, the treatment improved soil nutrient status in respect of organic matter, nitrogen, sulfur and Zn over no incorporations of green manures. So, addition of green manure like Mimosa invisa could cut fertilizer cost by 25-50%.

Bangladesh Agron. J. 2022, 25(2): 67-72

Foliar Application Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Growth, Yield and Drought Tolerance of Soybean

2023-05-07T05:31:19+00:00

In modern agriculture, the application of nano fertilizers is increasing the productivity and stability of different crops by reducing the destructive effects of abiotic stresses. The nano particles are significant for their particle shape, potential reactivity, tunable pore size and high surface area. A pot experiment was conducted at the Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during Rabi season (December 2020 to March 2021) to evaluate the effects of foliar spray of nano zinc (ZnO) in varying doses (0, 100 and 200 ppm) on growth, dry matter accumulation and yield of soybean under drought (40% of field capacity, FC) and control (80% of FC) conditions. The trial was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Plant height; fresh and dry weight of leaf, stem and whole plant; number of pods per plant; number of seeds pod^-1; 100-seed weight and seed yield of soybean were suppressed due to drought stress. Under both drought and control conditions, the foliar application of nano zinc substantially improved the growth, dry matter accumulation and yield of soybean. In drought condition, the foliar spray of 200 ppm nano zinc solution increased plant height, total fresh and dry weight by 21.69, 34.23 and 76.03%, respectively. In drought conditions, nano Zn particles at 100 and 200 ppm increased seed yield by 26.79 and 63.50%, and in control conditions by 13.07 and 23.56%, respectively. As such the results indicated that foliar application of nano zinc oxide improved growth, yield and drought tolerance of soybean.

Bangladesh Agron. J. 2022, 25(2): 73-82

Intercropping of Pea and Kheshari as Vegetables and Fodder Crop with Dwarf Type Sunflower Variety

2023-05-07T05:32:56+00:00

To find out the optimum row arrangement of pea and khesari as intercrop with sunflower for higher productivity and return, a field experiment of intercropping pea and khesari with sunflower was conducted in Oilseed Research Centre, BARI, Gazipur during rabi season of 2020-21 and 2021-22. Six treatments were T₁= Sole sunflower, T₂ = One row of gardenpea in between two normal rows of sunflower (50 cm x 25 cm), T₃ = Two rows of gardenpea in between two normal rows of sunflower, T₄ = One row of kheshari in between two normal rows of sunflower (50cm x 25cm), T₅ = Two rows of kheshari in between two normal rows of sunflower & T₆= Broadcast kheshari in between two normal rows of sunflower. Although intercropping reduced sunflower yield but total productivity was increased due to addition of pea and khesari yield. Total productivity in terms of sunflower equivalent yield (SEY) (7.02 t ha^-1 and 6.64 t ha^-1 during 2020-21 and 2021-22 respectively) was found to be highest from T₃ (two rows of pea in between two normal rows of sunflower treatment while the lowest (1.80 t ha^-1 and 1.72 t ha^-1) in T₁ (sole sunflower) for both the years. Highest benefit cost ratio (BCR) (4.0 and 3.80 in 1^st and 2^nd year respectively) was recorded in T2 treatment (one row of gardenpea in between two normal rows of sunflower) with highest gross margin (Tk. 263905 ha-1 and Tk. 244012 ha^-1).

Bangladesh Agron. J. 2022, 25(2): 83-87

Performance of Aman Rice Varieties Under Different Nutrient Management

2023-05-07T06:26:18+00:00

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during July to December 2017 to investigate the combined effect of poultry manure with inorganic fertilizers on the yield of BINA developed transplant Aman rice varieties. The experiment comprised three varieties viz. Binadhan-15, Binadhan-16 and Binadhan-17 with five nutrient management viz. Control (no application of manures and fertilizers), 100% recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer (Urea-TSP-MoP-Gypsum-Zinc sulphate @ 150-110-70-60-5 kg ha^-1) (RF), Poultry manure @ 5 t ha^-1, 75% RF + poultry manure @ 5 t ha^-1, 50% RF + poultry manure @ 5 t ha^-1. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Number of total tillers hill^-1 (13.37), number of effective tillers hill^-1 (6.76), grains panicle^-1 (107.86 cm), grain yield (6.97 t ha^-1), straw yield (8.36 t ha^-1), and harvest index (45.47%) were found to be the highest in Binadhan-17 and the highest weight of 1000-grain (27.32 g) was recorded in Binadhan-16. Among the nutrient management, 75% RF + poultry manure @ 5 t ha^-1 exhibited its superiority to other treatments in terms of number of total tillers hill-1(11.74), grains panicle^-1 (115.26), 1000-grain weight (23.49 g), grain yield (6.57 t ha^-1) and harvest index (48.20%). The highest grain yield (7.10 t ha^-1) was found in Binadhan-17 with 75% RF + poultry manure @ 5 t ha^-1 and the lowest grain yield (5.32 t ha^-1) was found in Binadhan-16 with control treatment. From the study, it can be concluded that Binadhan-17 fertilized with 75% recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer + poultry manure @ 5 t ha^-1 appears as the promising practice to obtain the highest grain yield.

Bangladesh Agron. J. 2022, 25(2): 89-96

Yield of Mungbean as Influenced by Planting Geometry and Integrated Fertilizer Management

2023-05-07T06:26:20+00:00

Mungbean production is decreasing because of inappropriate management of fertilizer and plant population so a study was initiated to find out the effect of different combinations of organic and inorganic fertilizers with different plant geometry on the yield of mungbean var. BARI Mung-5. The experiment was laid out in a split- plot design with three replications. The experiment comprised of three level of plant geometry viz. S₁= 20 cm × 10 cm, S₂= 30 cm × 10 cm and S₃= 45 cm × 15 cm, and six level of fertilizers: F₀= Control (without fertilizer), F₁= Recommended dose of NPK, F₂=5 t ha^-1cowdung, F₃=5 t ha^-1cowdung with recommended dose of NPK, F₄= 2.5 t ha^-1 cowdung with recommended dose of NPK and F₅=2.5 t ha^-1cowdung with half recommended dose of NPK. Among the three spacing, 30 cm × 10 cm (S₂) produced maximum seed yield (1022.8 kg ha^-1) while the lowest in S3 (834.4 kg ha^-1). Cowdung had a significant effect on the seed yield and yield attributes of mungbean. The maximum seed yield (1038.9 kg ha^-1) was obtained F₄ while minimum (930.0 kg h^-1) by applying cowdung @5 t ha^-1. Among the treatment combinations, S₂F₄ was showed maximum yield (1156.7 kg ha^-1) when considering stover yield and biological yield. Plant spacing of 30 cm × 10 cm along with 2.5 t ha^-1 with recommended dose of 40, 80, 30 kg ha^-1 of Urea, TSP, MoP could be more beneficial for the farmers to get maximum yield from var. BARI Mung-5.

Bangladesh Agron. J. 2022, 25(2): 97-107

Effect of Nitrogen Doses in Boro Rice Grown with Variable Levels of Floating Duckweed

2023-05-07T06:26:23+00:00

An experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Research Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during the period from November 2018 to June 2019 to study the nitrogen requirement of boro rice grown with floating duckweed. The experiment was laid out in a Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The treatments were duckweed: viz. D₀ = Control (0 g duckweeds m^-2), D₁ = 200 g duckweeds m^-2, D₂ = 400 g duckweeds m^-2 and D₃ = 600 g duckweeds m^-2) and nitrogen treatment: N₁ = 45 kg N ha^-1, N₂ = 90 kg N ha^-1 and N₃ = 180 kg N ha^-1). Different doses of duckweeds showed significant influence on most of the parameters of which D₂(400 g duckweeds m^-2) treatment the best performance on growth and yield parameters of rice. Among different doses of nitrogen, N₂ (90 kg N ha^-1) gave the best results on growth and yield parameters of rice. In case of combined effect, D₂N₂ showed the highest number of tillers hill^-1 (16.40), dry weight hill^-1 (48.97 g), number of effective tillers hill^-1 (14.73) and number of grains panicle^-1 (189.50). This treatment combination also showed the highest number of filled grains panicle^-1 (183.90), panicle length (25.83 cm), 1000 -grain weight (25.13 g), seed yield (7.24 t ha^-1), straw yield (8.47 t ha^-1), biological yield (15.71 t ha^-1) and harvest index (46.09%). On the other hand, D₀N₃ gave the least results on these parameters. Findings revealed that application of 400 g duckweeds m^-2 with 90 kg N ha^-1 showed the superiority over other treatment combinations to produce higher grain yield of boro rice.

Bangladesh Agron. J. 2022, 25(2): 109-117

Effect of Exogenous Salicylic Acid and Silicon Application on Salinity Tolerance of Rice

2023-05-07T06:52:40+00:00

Soil salinity remarkably hinders rice growth, development and productivity. The present study was set up to explore the role of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) and silicon (Si) application on the growth and yield performance of two contrasting rice genotypes, namely BRRI dhan41 (salt-tolerant) and BRRI dhan49 (salt-sensitive) under salinity. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications and four SA and Si treatments such as control (tap water), 100 ppm SA, 100 ppm Si (as CaSiO₃) and, co-application of SA and Si (50 ppm each). Results revealed that the maximum plant height (125.2 cm), fresh weight of shoot (267.3 g) and maximum K+/Na+ (5.2) were obtained in BRRI dhan49 after sole application of Si under salt stress. Besides, the number of grains per panicle and grains per hill significantly increased in BRRI dhan41 after the sole application of SA (64 and 46%, respectively) and co-application of SA and Si (29 and 21%, respectively), and in BRRI dhan49 with sole SA (182 and 277%, respectively) and Si (75 and 446%, respectively) compared with their respective controls. Besides, we observed that the K+/Na+ was increased where the shoot accumulation of Na+ reduced significantly in both rice varieties after sole and co-application of SA and Si compared with the untreated plants. However, the present findings showed new dimensions regarding the beneficial effects of Si on rice plants which could effectively be utilized to grow and maximize rice production in the saline-prone coastal areas of Bangladesh encountering detrimental effects of salt stress on rice.

Bangladesh Agron. J. 2022, 25(2): 119-127

Impact of Tobacco Industry Wastewater on Germination and Seedling Growth of Mungbean

2023-05-07T06:52:41+00:00

An experiment was conducted in the month of November, 2021 at Crop Physiology and Ecology Laboratory, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh to study the impact of tobacco industry wastewater on germination and early seedling traits of five mung bean accessions (BD-10022, BD-10023, BD-10024, BD-10026 and BD-10027) following factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Mung bean accession, tobacco industry wastewater and their interaction significantly interacted on germination and seedling traits of mung bean. Tobacco industry wastewater reduced the germination percentage, germination rate and co-efficient of germination but insisted longer shoot and root as well as escalated the seedling dry weight of mung bean as compared to tap water. Among the five mung bean accessions, BD-10024 and BD-10027 performed comparatively better performance regarding germination and seedling traits, respectively under wastewater conditions.

Bangladesh Agron. J. 2022, 25(2): 129-137