Journal of Bio-Science

In Vitro Regeneration, Conservation, and Field Evaluation of a Medicinal Plant– Greater Burdock (Arctium Lappa L.)

Mustafa Abul Kalam Azad Azad, Ahmad Humayan Kabir , Muhammad Nurul Amin Amin — Sun, 05 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000

A suitable micropropagation protocol and ex vitro acclimation method have been developed from in vitro grown seedling explants through cotyledonary node and leaf explants in consideration of the vegetable and medicinal properties of Greater Burdock. MS medium with 0.5-4.0 μM BAP showed highest percentage of axillary shoot regeneration from the cotyledonary nodal explants. Direct shoot regeneration was achieved by culturing 1.0 cm2 sections of about 25 days old leaves of in vitro grown shoot on MS medium enriched with 4.0 μM BAP and 2.0 μM IBA or NAA after 5 weeks of culture. Within six weeks of incubation on medium enriched with 4.0 M BAP and 2.0 M IBA or NAA, the leaf explants also developed callus from the cut margins. The greatest number of adventitious shoots could then be formed from the leaf-derived callus within 10 weeks of culture on the same media mix. More than 20 shoots were formed per callus clump at the third subculture, which had the highest rate of shoot multiplication. A. lappa's shoot and callus were both preserved at 5 ºC in MS medium with 4.0 μM Kn and 2.0 μM IBA, as well as 4.0 μM BAP and 2.0 μM IBA, respectively. The in vitro proliferated and elongated shoots were separated from callus clump for rooting. A root-induction MS medium with 6.0 μM IBA or NAA was used to cultivate the microshoots individually. All of the cultured microshoots generated 2-16 roots within 4 weeks of being moved to the rooting medium. Regenerated plantlets were transferred to vermiculite and successfully established in an ex vivo environment with a 98% survival rate.

J. Bio-Sci. 31(1): 1-15, 2023

Effect of Stocking Density on Growth, Survival and Production Performances of Clarias Batrachus Fry in Nursery Hapa Under Semi-intensive Culture System of Rajshahi University Campus, Bangladesh

Mst Rima Aktar Aktar, Dil Afroza Khanom Khanom, Md Delwer Hossain Hossain — Sun, 05 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000

An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of stocking density on growth, survival and production performance of Clarias batrachus (Magur) fry using nursery hapa in experimental pond of Dept. of Fisheries, University of Rajshahi. The research was carried out for a period of three months from May to July, 2021 consisting of four treatments each with two replications. A total of eight hapa were prepared using net each having an area of 1.2 × 0.9 × 0.9 m^3. Stocking density was maintained at the rate of 300, 350, 400 and 450 fry ∕ m³ in T₁, T₂, T₃and T₄respectively where the mean initial weight of hatchling was 0.04±0.01 g. Different physico-chemical parameter of water were monitored fortnightly where the mean value of water temperature, water transparency, dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, P^H and NH₃-N was observed 28.25±1.18°C, 26.12±0.18 cm, 8.44±0.45 mg/l, 1.78±0.03 mg/l, 6.88±0.04 and 0.007± 0.00 mg/l respectively. Except NH₃-N no significant difference (p˃0.05) was found among the treatments and all the parameter were in suitable range for fry rearing. Highest mean final weight, weight gain, SGR (%/day), survival rate, along with lower FCR was found in T₁ which was 8.00±0.13 g, 7.96±0.07 g, 5.65±0.00 (%/day) and 91±0.70 (%) respectively followed by T₂, T₃ and T₄where significant variation (p˂0.05) was found among them. Maximum net yield (kg/m³/90 days) was 2.51±0.07 which was obtained from T₃ followed by 2.48±0.02, 2.37±0.02 and 2.20±0.05 in T₄, T₂ and T₁. On the other hand, benefit cost ratio (BCR) was found significantly higher (p˂0.05) in T₁ (0.73±0.01) than T₂ (0.66 ±0.01), T₃ (0.56±0.00) and T₄(0.43±0.02). The overall result indicated that a stocking density of 300 fry/m³ (T₁) could be more profitable for Clarias batrachus fry rearing in nursery hapa.

J. Bio-Sci. 31(1): 17-27, 2023

Study of Sequence of Histopathological Changes in Hyperglycaemia-Induced Experimental Diabetic Nephropathy in Wistar Rat Model

Sun, 05 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The sequence of histopathological changes in hyperglycaemia-induced nephrotoxicity as well as alteration in renal parameters is still not well established in diabetic models. Hyperglycaemic ambience has been shown to generate oxidative stress which becomes a trigger for further degenerative changes that occur in the microenvironment of the kidney. This study was therefore intended to investigate histopathological alterations in vascular, glomerular and tubulointerstitial compartments of the renal tissues, and the corresponding changes in values of oxidative stress markers, creatinine clearance, proteinuria and serum creatinine concentration in a duration of three, seven and twelve weeks of sustained hyperglycaemia in diabetic. The experiment included four groups of adult Wistar rat, Group A (Normal Control, treated with normal saline), Groups B, C and D were induced with diabetes (treated with 65mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin) and allowed for 3 weeks 7 weeks and 12 weeks respectively. At termination, Oxidative stress markers were analyzed using Oxidative stress marker kits. A 24 hours urine collection was obtained from metabolic cages few hours before sacrifice and used for renal analysis and histopathological examination was done using a light microscope. Results reveals that oxidative stress was climaxed at 7^th week and was maintained at a constant level while histopathological changes in glomerulus first presented on the 3^rd week accompanied by vascular changes. Tubulointerstitial changes were noticed on the 7^th week. On the 12^th week renal parameters were significantly altered when compared to the animals sacrificed on 3th and 7^th week. In conclusion, the sequence in diabetic–induced renal dysfunction begins with changes in vascular and glomerular compartment followed by distortion in tubulointerstitial compartment. An alteration in renal parameters presents lastly and correlates with the histopathological changes. These findings can be adopted in clinical management and treatment of diabetes-induced kidney dysfunction.

J. Bio-Sci. 31(1): 29-37, 2023

Comparative Efficacy of Insulin, Biguanides and Sulfonylureas In The Glycemic Control of Newly Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Sun, 05 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The goal of the present study was to examine how well three distinct kinds of anti-diabetic drugs- insulin, biguanides and sulfonylureas performed in Bangladeshi patients who had recently been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. This was an observational study and carried out on 102 patients admitted in different hospitals in Rajshahi, Bangladesh during the study period. Majority (32.02%) respondents belonged to 51-60 years age group, followed by 41-50 years and the least >60 years age group viz. 7.19%. Female preponderance was noticed in the study population where 59.80% were females; whereas 40.20% males. Results of distribution of respondents based on residence and class of anti-diabetic medication use showed in insulin receiving group 66.67% were urban people and 33.33% were rural resident; biguanides receiving groups 64.71% were urban resident and 35.29% were rural resident; sulfonylureas receiving groups 58.82% were urban resident and 41.18% were rural residents. Data on participant’s lifestyle and smoking habit showed lifestyle of 65.70% patients were sedentary and 34.30% were active and according to smoking habit of the patients 14% were smokers while 86% were non-smokers. Family history of DM among the patients showed 17% had familial history and 83% did not have. Data showed that the patients taken insulin, biguanides and sulfonylurea as with BMI were mostly in 18.50 - 24.99 with p-value 0.621. Although no statistically significant difference was noticed among the groups regarding treatment response of three drugs (p = 0.252, 0.284, 0.675 for HbA1c, FBS and PPBS respectively) after 3 months follow-up of medication use and (p = 0.284, 0.323, 0.817 for HbA1c, FBS and PPBS respectively) after 6 months follow-up. However, p-value was not significant but insulin receiving patients had relatively better treatment response than biguanide receiving group than sulfonylurea receiving group at 3rd and 6th month. In insulin receiving group 90.19 % had desired glycemic control. In biguanide receiving group 76.47 % had desired glycemic control. In sulfonylurea receiving group 84.31 % had desired glycemic control. So it appears that insulin provides the best glycemic control followed by sulfonylurea and the biguanides are relativity less potent in glycemic control of newly diagnosed patients in our study area. In this study, the sample size was quite small, which may not represent the whole population and the research used purposeful sampling, which may have skewed the results.

J. Bio-Sci. 31(1): 39-49, 2023

Cytological Effects of Two Varieties of Lathyrus Sativus L. Extracts on Onion Root Tip Cells

Sun, 05 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Lathyrus sativus L. causes lathyrism both in animals and human due to the presence of the neurotoxin β-ODAP (β -N-Oxalyl-L-α, β -diaminopropionic acid). This study was performed to find out the toxic effect of grass pea on onion root tip cells. The root lengths of onion were reduced as the concentrations of different plant parts extracts of grass pea increased. The percentages of chromosomal abnormalities, NV and ICV of onion root tip cells showed an increasing trend with the increasing of different extracts concentrations. The mitotic index and chromosomal abnormalities in treated onion root tip cells were significantly different than that of control. The mitotic index and chromosomal abnormalities had a reverse relationship. Almost all the treated root tip cells of onion showed this mito-depressive effect. From this findings, it may concluded that β -N-Oxayl-L- α, β-diaminopropionic acid (Lathyrogens) in Lathyrus sativus may be responsible for mitotic depression and chromosomal abnormalities on the root tip cells of onion.

J. Bio-Sci. 31(1): 51-60, 2023

Assessment of Aqueous Leaf Extracts of Parthenium Hysterophorus L. On Seedlings Growth of Wheat

Nousin Akter Akter, Md Hasanur Rahman Rahman — Sun, 05 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000

An investigation was conducted to assess the effect of Parthenium hysterophorus L. leaf extracts on seedling growth of three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties viz. Sourav, BARI Gom 22 and BARI Gom 33. It was observed that the growth of wheat seedlings was significantly influenced by the Parthenium extract treatments. BARI Gom 22 showed more tolerance to Parthenium treatments than BARI Gom 33 and Sourav. Generally, wheat seedlings growth was inhibited by Parthenium extract treatments at all periods. The percent inhibition of shoot and root elongation were more visible at 5% treatment concentration at all periods than other extract treatments. On the other hand the number of root of wheat seedlings was not found to be affected by Parthenium at 7 and 10-day periods. It was also noted that the effect of Parthenium extracts on wheat seedling growth is concentrations dependent manner.

J. Bio-Sci. 31(1): 61-70, 2023

Species Selection for Profitable Commercial Fish Culture Through Biofloc Technology

Sun, 05 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Biofloc technology is a recent concept in Bangladesh, it has numerous advantages for enhancing aquaculture production in several countries, thereby contributing to achieve sustainable development goals. To identify the most suitable fish species for profitable commercial fish culture through Biofloc, a 100-day experiment was conducted at Pran Fisheries Project in Razapur Village, situated in Sreemangal Upazilla of Moulvibazar district, commencing in March 2021. The experiment comprised three treatments: Oreochromis niloticus, Anabus testudineus, and Labeo rohita with two replicates for each treatment. Water quality parameters were meticulously monitored to ensure optimal conditions. All treatments were conducted at a temperature of 26°C, with pH levels of 7.6-7.8, dissolved oxygen concentrations of 5-6 ppm. During the study, O. niloticus exhibited the highest body weight (66.23 ± 0.94) compared to A. testudineus (50.82 ± 0.94) and L. rohita (53.92 ± 0.17). Furthermore, L. rohita displayed a higher average daily weight gain (1.8 ± 0.003) and specific growth rate (3.29 ± 0.29). The best feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed both for O. niloticus (0.98 ± 0.33) and A. testudineus (0.98 ± 0.03). In terms of survival rate, O. niloticus outperformed the other species, with a rate of 98%. However, O. niloticus demonstrated better aquaculture performance compared to the other species using biofloc technology. This research provides valuable insights in effective cultural techniques that can enhance fish production through biofloc technology, contributing to economic growth in aquaculture sector and national development.

J. Bio-Sci. 31(1): 71-85, 2023

Establishment and Maintenance of Brassica Alba and Solanum Lycopersicum on Hydroponic Culture at Laboratory Condition

Sun, 05 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Hydroponics culture offers immense benefits in plant research, making it a valuable and versatile tool in scientific investigations across plant biology, agronomy, horticulture and diverse fields of research. The present study has been carried out for the establishment of Brassica alba and Solanum lycopersicum on hydroponic culture in laboratory condition. Firstly, an ideal concentration of macro and micro nutrients was developed for both B. alba and S. lycopersicum seedlings. After germination of both seeds, seedling was carefully monitored over a 15-day observation period on seedling tray. Then transfer of two-week-old seedlings to hydroponic media resulted in successful adaptation for both species. B. alba displayed slow initial growth but progressed significantly with robust development in the long run. In contrast, S. lycopersicum adapted quickly and exhibited continuous growth throughout the observation period. By week 4, both species had matured, with B. alba plants showing larger roots and stems and the onset of flowering. Both B. alba and S. lycopersicum seedlings displayed distinct growth patterns in hydroponic culture. These findings contribute valuable insights into the growth dynamics and viability of these two plant species in hydroponic systems, providing important information for optimizing cultivation practices and improving agricultural productivity.

J. Bio-Sci. 31(1): 87-98, 2023

Bioactive Potentials of Petunia Integrifolia (Hook.) Schinz & Thell. Against Culex Quinquefasciatus Larvae, Artemia Salina Nauplii and Poecilia Reticulata Adults

Alimul Islam Islam, Nelufa Yasmin Yasmin, Nurul Islam Islam — Sun, 05 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Petroleum ether (pet. ether), chloroform (CHCl₃) and methanol (CH₃OH) extracts of Petunia integrifolia (Hook.) Schinz & Thell. Whole plant was subjected to assess cytotoxicity against the brine shrimp Artemia salina L. nauplii, larvicidal activity against the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus Say larvae and piscicidal activity against the Poecilia reticulata Peters adults. The P. integrifolia extract in pet. ether showed the highest cytotoxic activity against A. salina nauplii by giving the minimum LC₅₀value of 49.25 parts per million (ppm) at 48 h, while in case of CHCl₃and CH₃OH extracts, the values were 63.37 and 342.55 ppm, respectively. Against C. quinquefasciatus larvae the three extracts gave LC₅₀values of 4.92, 5.51 and171.26 ppm, respectively all after 48 h of exposure. Against P. reticulata the LC₅₀values were 21.70 ppm for pet. ether extract at 48 h, and 31.91 ppm for CHCl₃extract after 42 h of exposure but CH₃OH extract offered no mortality. According to the intensity of activity, therefore, the extracts could be arranged in the descending order of: pet. ether > CHCl₃ > CH₃OH extracts; and the sensitivity of the test organisms to the extract of P. integrifolia could be arranged in the following descending order: C. quinquefasciatus larvae (in Pet. ether; LC₅₀ = 4.92 ppm) > P. reticulata (in pet ether; LC₅₀ = 21.70 ppm) >A. salina nauplii (in pet. ether; LC₅₀ = 49.25 ppm)

J. Bio-Sci. 31(1): 99-108, 2023