Bangladesh Veterinarian

Effects of ovarian phase on oocyte quality in cows

2024-01-21T13:54:08+00:00

The effect of ovarian phase on oocyte quality in slaughterhouse material of cows was studied. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were aspirated from all visible follicles. COCs were graded on the number and intensity of the cumulus cells and the homogeneity of the ooplasm as A (4 – 5 layers compact cumulus with a homogeneous ooplasm), B (1 - 2 layers compact cumulus with homogeneous ooplasm having a coarse appearance), C (slightly expanded cumulus with irregular cluster ooplasm), and D (denuded oocyte or expanded cumulus, irregular ooplasm). The overall aspiration rate of COCs was 37.2%. The aspiration rate was significantly higher (P<005) in follicular (41.2%) than in luteal phase (28.6%). The percentage of grade A and B oocytes was significantly (P<005) higher in the follicular phase (20.4 and 28.6%) than luteal phase (11.1 and 22.2%). The proportion of grade A COCs in the indigenous cows was significantly (P<005) higher (29.0%) than in crossbred cows (8.3%). Ovaries with diameter of 2.0 cm or more had higher proportion (P<005) of grade A and B COCs than others. It is suggested that follicular phase of the sexual cycle had significant effect on COCs quality.

Bangl. vet. 2023. Vol. 40, No. 1-2, 1–7

Toxin-producing Clostridium perfringens in cooked cereal food in restaurants in Bangladesh

2024-01-21T13:54:10+00:00

Clostridium perfringens causes food poisoning in humans worldwide and C. perfringens beta toxin is associated with improperly heated or reheated cooked food. A study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of beta toxin-producing C. perfringens in cooked Plain rice, Pulao, and Biryani in different types of restaurants (general, well furnished) of four districts [Dhaka (north and south city corporation area), Cumilla, Narayangonj, Gazipur)] of Bangladesh. A total of 200 food samples were examined for the presence of C. perfringens and its beta toxin. The positive samples were further tested for the CPB gene (236 bp) of beta toxin-producing C. perfringens using PCR assay. Three samples had C. perfringens (1.5%), in food samples of the restaurants in Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC). Beta toxin-producing C. perfringens was in one sample (0.5%) in a sample of pulao in the same area during the winter. It is suggested that the prevalence of beta toxin-producing C. perfringens was low but, further studies are required in other cities in Bangladesh.

Bangl. vet. 2023. Vol. 40, No. 1-2, 8–15

Detection of tetracycline and ampicillin resistant E. coli and Salmonella species from hospital wastewater

2024-01-22T03:09:34+00:00

Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella spp. were found in hospital wastewater. The highest (E = (6.2 ± 1.8) x 109; S = (4.3 ± 2.2) x 109) and lowest (E = (1.4 ± 1.2) x 109; S = (1.1 ± 1.8) x 109) Total Viable Count (TVC) were in Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital (SSMCH) and National Institute of Ophthalmology Hospital (NIOH), respectively. The overall occurrence of E. coli and Salmonella spp. was 80% and 87%, respectively, with 100% occurrence in SSMCH and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Hospital (NICVDH) for Salmonella spp. (p ≤ 0.036). Prevalence of E. coli was low (72%) in winter (November - February). Both types of bacteria were resistant to Tetracycline whereas and 97.5% of E coli were resistant to ampicillin. Gentamycin was more effective than other antibiotics. Rational use of antibiotics is suggested, and hospital management practice should be followed as defined by the Joint Commission International for Hospital Accreditation.

Bang. vet. 2023. Vol. 40, No. 1 – 2, 16 – 24

Pasteurellosis in small ruminants and its epidemiology, prevention and control: A brief review

2024-01-22T03:09:35+00:00

Small ruminant production contributes to the livelihood of small-scale farmers. However, the production is low due to several factors, including pneumonic pasteurellosis. The primary causes of infections are Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Biberstinia trehalosi. It is of great importance at the national level. The disease is commonly transmitted through the air causing sporadic and epidemic pneumonia and septicaemia. Clinical signs include respiratory distress with high fever, coughing, difficulty breathing, and thick purulent nasal discharge. They typically occur in individuals with poor immunity. Weak management practices are often linked to stress. The disease incurs significant losses. The existence of many serotypes without cross-protection and the emergence of drug resistance have made its management more challenging. Furthermore, the causal agents are mostly organisms that reside in the upper respiratory tract but might lead to infection in those with reduced immune systems. Hence, it is crucial to prioritise appropriate selection of antimicrobials, reliable diagnosis, and the inclusion of relevant serotypes in developing vaccines to prevent and manage pneumonic pasteurellosis.

Bang. vet. 2023. Vol. 40, No. 1 – 2, 25 – 36

Prevalence of diseases and its associated risk factors in crossbred Friesian calves

2024-01-22T03:09:37+00:00

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of diseases and its associated risk factors in crossbred Friesian calves in a dairy farm in Bangladesh. Date of birth, birth weight, age and sex of 194 calves up to three months old, season of disease occurrence, date of illness and the percentage of IgG in colostrum were recorded. The prevalence of calf diseases was 33.5%, of which 30.1% were suffering from medical conditions, 19.6% having enteritis: only 5% had surgical disorders. Calves up to 21 days old had significantly higher disease prevalence (22.2%) than calves aged 22-90 days (11.3%). The prevalence of diseases was significantly higher (43.1%) in calves with birth weight up to 29 kg than calves with birth weight 30 kg or more (28.7%). The prevalence of diseases was higher in male calves (38.0%) than female (28.7%). The prevalence of diseases was significantly higher (72.4%) in calves consumed colostrum containing 22-24% IgG compared to calves given colostrum containing 28-30% IgG. The prevalence of diseases was significantly higher in rainy season (64.2%) than in summer (29.5%) and in winter (6.1%).

Bang. vet. 2023. Vol. 40, No. 1 – 2, 37 – 45