https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJMS/issue/feedBangladesh Journal of Medical Science2024-03-11T08:35:56+00:00Dr Abu Kholdun Al-Mahmoodkholdun@hotmail.comOpen Journal Systems<p>A journal sponsored by the Ibn Sina Trust. Full-text articles available.<br />NLM ID=101563859</p> <p><strong>Indexes</strong>: SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI, A&HCI, CPCI-S, CPCI-SSH, ESCI, CCR-EXPANDED, IC</p> <p>Bangladesh Journal of Medical Sciences is included on <a title="DOAJ" href="https://doaj.org/toc/2076-0299?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22filtered%22%3A%7B%22filter%22%3A%7B%22bool%22%3A%7B%22must%22%3A%5B%7B%22term%22%3A%7B%22index.issn.exact%22%3A%222076-0299%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22term%22%3A%7B%22_type%22%3A%22article%22%7D%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%22query%22%3A%7B%22match_all%22%3A%7B%7D%7D%7D%7D%2C%22from%22%3A0%2C%22size%22%3A100%7D" target="_blank" rel="noopener">DOAJ</a>.</p> <p><strong>Journal Metrics</strong><br /><a href="https://www.scopus.com/sourceid/19900192321">CiteScore Tracker 2023</a>: Updated on June 07, 2023</p> <p><strong>1.4</strong> = <strong>669</strong> Citations to date / <strong>473</strong> Documents to date</p> <p><strong>Powered by Scopus</strong></p> <p><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/journal/2223-4721_Bangladesh_Journal_of_Medical_Science" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ResearchGate Journal Impact</a> (2013):<strong> 0.62</strong></p> <p><a href="https://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=19900192321&tip=sid">Scimago Journal Rank</a> (2023): <strong>0.22</strong></p> <p><img src="https://www.banglajol.info/public/site/images/admin/Q3.jpg" /></p> <p><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">WoS Report 2022-2023:</span></strong></p> <p><a href="https://jcr.clarivate.com/jcr-jp/journal-profile?journal=BANGLADESH%20J MED SCI&year=2022&fromPage=%2Fjcr%2Fhome">Impact Factor 2022: <strong>0.9</strong></a><strong> [</strong><em>The Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is a journal-level metric calculated from data indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection.</em><strong>]</strong></p>https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJMS/article/view/71729Exploring the Attitudes and Practices Regarding Alternative Revenue Streams among Indian Dental Professionals - A cross-sectional analysis 2024-03-03T08:52:25+00:00Kesavan Rkeshavan84@gmail.comPrabhu Manickam Natarajankeshavan84@gmail.comA Vinita Marykeshavan84@gmail.comVidhyarekha Umapathykeshavan84@gmail.comBhuminathan Swamikannukeshavan84@gmail.com<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to explore the attitudes and practices of dental professionals regarding alternative sources of revenue through a descriptive cross-sectional design and to explore other demographic factors which influence them.</p> <p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>A Descriptive Cross-Sectional study was conducted among 400 dental professionals selected using stratified random sampling and were approached either personally or through electronic medium to fill a pre-tested validated questionnaire assessing their attitudes and practices towards alternative sources of revenue. The data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 26.0. Cross tabulations were made and statistical significance was assessed using Pearson’s Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test. A Binary Logistic Regression model was developed to predict the practice of alternative sources of revenue based on gender, qualification, occupation, and experience.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that about 36% of the participants are currently pursuing alternative sources of income with a significantly higher percentage of females involved (p=0.005). Most of the participants (37.6%) reported investing in stocks and finance followed by real estate, food industry, career guidance, product development etc. Around two-thirds of females reported being unsatisfied with their current income from dentistry and they have 1.76 times the odds of pursuing alternative sources compared to males (p=0.022). Undergraduate dentists have 2.51 times the odds of practicing other means of revenue.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study concludes that a substantial percentage of respondents had pursued alternative sources of revenue. Policymakers and educators can use these findings to develop strategies to promote entrepreneurship and financial literacy among dental professionals.</p> <p>Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.23 (Special Issue) 2024 p.S9-S19</p>2024-03-11T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Kesavan R, Prabhu Manickam Natarajan, A Vinita Mary, Vidhyarekha Umapathy, Bhuminathan Swamikannuhttps://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJMS/article/view/71730Periodontal disease indicators in adults with and without physical activity: a comparative analysis2024-03-03T08:52:26+00:00Muzammil Moin Ahmedmu.ahmed@qu.edu.saAbdullah Saleh Almutairidr.almutairi@qu.edu.sa<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> The intriguing link between periodontal disease severity and physical activity remains largely understudied, particularly in the Saudi Arabian population. Thus, the current research was intended to ascertain the effect of physical activity on the prevalence and indicators of periodontal diseases.</p> <p><strong>Materials:</strong> The cross-sectional approach with convenience sampling was applied to the recruitment of 160 adult subjects attending gymnasiums, sports clubs, malls, primary health centres, and community dental health programs. Based on IPAQ scores, the participants were split into two distinct groups: a physically active group and a physically inactive group. The two study groups were compared with one another in terms of recorded parameters. The gathered data subsequently underwent statistical processing using SPSS 20.0.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Of the 160 subjects, 66.87% (n = 107) had gingivitis and 33.12% (n = 53) periodontitis. A lower mean PI (1.62±0.31) was observed in the physically active group compared to the physically inactive group (6.91±1.12). The physically active group had a mean BI of 19.01±4.53 and the inactive group 69.98±9.29. For physically active and inactive groups, mean PD measurements were 2.49±0.33 mm and 4.61±0.07 mm, respectively.Physically active individuals had a significantly lower mean CAL (2.98±0.88 mm) compared to the inactive group (5.37±1.02 mm). Parametric variances between groups are statistically significant (p<0.001).</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Insufficient engagement in physical activity has undeniably been identified as a risk factor for the development and severity of periodontal disease, marked by escalated indicators of gingivitis and periodontitis. The study findings unequivocally endorse the adoption of a consistent physical activity regimen as strategic initiatives to proactively address the incidence of inflammatory periodontal diseases. Many patients with different psychophysical characteristics seek periodontal therapy at dental clinics. This study alerts clinicians to the impact of physical inactivity in a wide-spectrum population and helps identify periodontal risk in sedentary patients. It also aids in treatment planning for these periodontally risky, physically inactive people.</p> <p>Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.23 (Special Issue) 2024 p.S20-S25</p>2024-03-11T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Muzammil Moin Ahmed, Abdullah Saleh Almutairihttps://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJMS/article/view/71731Relationship between dental arch width and vertical facial morphology in untreated Indian population2024-03-03T08:52:27+00:00Waseem Khandrwaseemzkhan@gmail.comAniruddha Mundedrwaseemzkhan@gmail.comAlok Ranjandrwaseemzkhan@gmail.comViraj Kharkardrwaseemzkhan@gmail.comHarsh Mishradrwaseemzkhan@gmail.comVaishali Malldrwaseemzkhan@gmail.com<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Facial growth pattern is an important factor in planning orthodontic treatment properly. Knowledge of arch forms is important for an orthodontist, as it is related to future treatment outcome. Factors such as age, sex, and ethnicity are also important. The purpose of present study was to evaluate the dental arch dimensions in a different facial pattern in regional population, to evaluate correlation in the facial pattern with dental arch width to evaluate the differences in dental arch width between male and female subjects.</p> <p><strong>Materials:</strong> The present study was conducted on 120 untreated subjects comprising of 60 males and 60 females aged between 16 to 38 years. The Jarabak’s ratio (posterior facial height/anterior facial height) was measured on cephalograms of each patient. Maxillary and mandibular inter-canine, first inter-premolar, second inter-premolar and first inter-molar widths were measured on study models of each patient.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> There was no significant correlation between dental arch width and vertical facial pattern in regional population<strong>. </strong>In males, arch width is greater in canine, premolar and molar region than females.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> It was concluded that dental arch width is not associated with the vertical facial pattern but it is associated with gender. Thus, using individualized arch wires according to gender is suggested during orthodontic treatment.</p> <p>Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.23 (Special Issue) 2024 p.S26-S31</p>2024-03-11T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Waseem Khan, Aniruddha Munde, Alok Ranjan, Viraj Kharkar, Harsh Mishra, Vaishali Mallhttps://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJMS/article/view/71736Effectiveness of understanding the post-operative instructions with respect to extraction of teeth in rural population through verbal, written and audio-visual aids.2024-03-03T12:01:17+00:00Akshaya Ndrbalamanikandasrinivasan@vmsdc.edu.inSri Harini Pdrbalamanikandasrinivasan@vmsdc.edu.inBalamanikandasrinivasan Chandrasekarandrbalamanikandasrinivasan@vmsdc.edu.in<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare the efficacy between verbal, written & audio-visual modes of communication in relation to post-operative instructions after extraction of teeth.</p> <p><strong>Materials & Methods:</strong> Ninety patients were equally divided into three groups. Group 1 were given verbal instructions, Group 2 in written format and Group 3- Audio visual mode. Their responses were recorded using a standard questionnaire after 24 hours of extraction and subjected to statistical analysis.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Significant differences (p<0.05) was found when the responses were compared between Group 1 and Group 3 and Group 2 and Group 3.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Patients who received post-operative instructions through audio-visual mode (Group 3) had more understanding when compared to other groups. Incorporation of technology in communication has to be encouraged as it helps for better understanding.</p> <p>Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.23 (Special Issue) 2024 p.S48-S52</p>2024-03-11T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Akshaya N, Sri Harini P, Balamanikandasrinivasan Chandrasekaranhttps://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJMS/article/view/71737Assessment of knowledge and attitude about bio banking amongst the general public and their willingness to donate bio specimens from a hospital in India2024-03-03T12:01:34+00:00Arathi Kdraravindkarikal@nitte.edu.inVina Vaswanidraravindkarikal@nitte.edu.inVijaya Hegdedraravindkarikal@nitte.edu.inArvind Karikaldraravindkarikal@nitte.edu.in<p>This study aims to know the attitude and perceptions of biobanks among the general public and their willingness to donate bio specimens from a hospital in India<strong>. </strong>Biobanks collect, store bio specimens for diagnosis, treatment and research purpose. According to modern bio banking, bio specimens needs to have standard operating procedures to do so. The bio specimen should be kept confidential and anonymous. Do they have an awareness of the role of biobanks? Do they know the concept of consent and implications of retaining specimens in biobanks? This paper evaluates these areas. A cross sectional study was conducted among general public above 18 years of age using convenience sampling. The data was obtained through a questionnaire which was distributed via online using Google forms and assessed the ethical perception of the general public regarding their willingness to donate own biological samples for teaching and research purposes and their awareness and attitude on biobanks. A total of 200 participants were included in the study. 71.4% participants did not have any prior knowledge about biobanks. 59.6% of the participants were willing to donate the biospecimens for advancement in medical research, benefit the society and future generation. 43.8% of respondents emphasised the main discouraging factor in participation in biobank research is that they have fear of sample exploitation. 37.9 percent participants responded that they would like to specify the scope for use when granting permission to use their sample for research. Biobank will advance in medical research only when medical institutes and government bodies’ install privacy, consent laws and initiate lot of awareness programmes to improve public perspectives and knowledge about biobanking.</p> <p>Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.23 (Special Issue) 2024 p.S53-S59</p>2024-03-11T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Arathi K, Vina Vaswani, Vijaya Hegde, Arvind Karikalhttps://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJMS/article/view/71739Covid-19 And The Level of Awareness of Vitamin D Among Saudi Population – A Cross-Sectional Study of Dental Public Health Perspective2024-03-03T12:19:50+00:00Muhamood Moothedathm.muhamood@qu.edu.saFahad Naif Al Harbim.muhamood@qu.edu.sa<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin of importance necessary for calcium homeostasis, healthy bones, and prevention of fractures. It has also been linked to many metabolic, infectious and autoimmune diseases. Vitamin D levels are also being studied with respect to oral health issues such as dental caries, and periodontitis. Vitamin D deficiencies have been found to be relatively common among Covid-19 patients and who received supplements experienced less severe symptoms. The credible proposals for vitamin D supplementation to avoid infection and mortality due to Covid-19 validate the chance of raising public awareness on significance of its health benefits. Thus, we carried out this research to study the influence of Covid-19 on Saudi Arabian population's awareness of vitamin D with a dental public health perspective.</p> <p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study of the Saudi Arabian general population was undertaken with 240 subjects, including men and women chosen at random varying a range of age groups from 18 to 74 years after consent and institutional approval. Sample size was computed using G-power software. Pretested, validated questionnaire, translated to Arabic was disseminated through e-mails and all prominent social medias. Statistical analysis was done using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 26.0. Bivariate analysis was performed using chi-square test at 5% significance level.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 240 people participated; 57% were men, and 43% were women. Majority were between the ages of 18 and 30 years. 65% of the participants were aware that vitamin D is important for bone health, supports oral health, reducing tooth decay, and lowering the risk of heart disease. Half of the study population believe that the sunlight is the prime source of vitamin D and 80% assumed that the ideal time of sunshine exposure is in the morning. 88.3% of them projected the need to increase their knowledge about vitamin D.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was a lack of awareness and knowledge about vitamin D and its significance for the body and teeth, as well as its relationship to Covid-19. The pandemic had no significant impact on society's awareness about vitamin D. This study emphasises the importance of raising awareness among the public about vitamin D and ways to prevent its deficiencies.</p> <p>Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.23 (Special Issue) 2024 p.S66-S72</p>2024-03-11T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Muhamood Moothedath, Fahad Naif Al Harbihttps://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJMS/article/view/71742Effect of Silica Nanoparticles On Flexural Strength And Surface Hardness Of Heat Polymerized Acrylic Resin.2024-03-03T12:46:41+00:00Swathy Jayasomandranupamaprasad@nitte.edu.inAnupama Prasad Ddranupamaprasad@nitte.edu.inJayaprakash Kdranupamaprasad@nitte.edu.in<p><strong>Statement of problem. </strong>Various studies are present to increase the strength and surface hardness of heat polymerized acrylic resin by addition of material or surface treatments. The present study to evaluate an effect of silica nanoparticles on flexural strength and surface hardness of heat polymerized acrylic resin.</p> <p><strong>Purpose. </strong>The purpose of this study was effect of silica nanoparticles, incorporated into Polymethyl Methacrylate, on flexural strength and surface hardness. The present study compared the effect of silanated and non silanated silica nanoparticles on the flexural strength and surface hardness of heat polymerized acrylic resin.</p> <p><strong>Material and Methods. </strong>A total of 270 acrylic bars were fabricated, in two batches of 135 each, for testing flexural strength by universal testing machine and surface hardness determined using a digital micro Vickers hardness tester. The control group and subgroups had a sample size of 15 each with varied concentrations of nanoparticles by weight. The fabricated samples were tested for flexural strength and surface hardness.</p> <p><strong>Results. </strong>Flexural strength was highest for PMMA (Polymethyl methacrylate) with 0.5% silanated silica nano particles as fillers. In both the groups, the flexural strength decreased with increase in filler concentration. Surface hardness was highest in the PMMA group with non-silanated nano particles as fillers at 5% concentration. In both groups the surface hardness improved with an increase in filler concentration. ANOVA and TUKEY’s HSD test were used. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion. </strong>Lower concentrations of surface-treated silica nanoparticles should be used as fillers to enhance the flexural strength of commercially available heat polymerized acrylic resin.</p> <p>Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.23 (Special Issue) 2024 p.S79-S86</p>2024-03-11T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Swathy Jayasoman, Anupama Prasad D, Jayaprakash Khttps://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJMS/article/view/71745Comparative Evaluation of Debris Extrusion, Remaining Dentin Thickness and Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth Using Rotary and Reciprocating Endodontic File Systems: An In Vitro Study2024-03-03T12:49:20+00:00Unmesh Khanvilkarunmesh22@yahoo.comVaishnavi Dhokunmesh22@yahoo.comRashmi Misraunmesh22@yahoo.comGunjan Pagariyaunmesh22@yahoo.comRolly S Agarwalunmesh22@yahoo.comSharvaree Deshpandeunmesh22@yahoo.com<p><strong>Background:</strong> Endodontic treatment aims to thoroughly clean and shape the root canal system while preserving the structural integrity of the tooth. The choice of endodontic file system can significantly impact the outcomes of this procedure. This in vitro study compares debris extrusion, remaining dentin thickness, and fracture resistance in endodontically treated teeth using rotary and reciprocating endodontic file systems.</p> <p><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Forty extracted human mandibular premolars were selected and randomly divided into two groups (n=20 each): Group A was prepared using a rotary file system, and Group B was prepared using a reciprocating file system. Debris extrusion was quantified using the Myers and Montgomery method, and remaining dentin thickness was measured at the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of each root. Fracture resistance was evaluated using a universal testing machine. The data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> The mean debris extrusion in Group A was 0.25 mg, while in Group B, it was 0.18 mg. The remaining dentin thickness in Group A was 1.24 mm, 1.15 mm, and 1.06 mm at the coronal, middle, and apical thirds, respectively, while in Group B, it was 1.30 mm, 1.22 mm, and 1.14 mm. The mean fracture resistance in Group A was 888 N, and in Group B, it was 920 N.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The reciprocating endodontic file system exhibited less debris extrusion, slightly greater remaining dentin thickness, and slightly higher fracture resistance compared to the rotary file system, although these differences were not statistically significant. Both file systems can be considered safe and effective for endodontic treatment, with the choice depending on clinician preference and specific clinical scenarios.</p> <p>Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.23 (Special Issue) 2024 p.S87-S91</p>2024-03-11T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Unmesh Khanvilkar, Vaishnavi Dhok, Rashmi Misra, Gunjan Pagariya, Rolly S Agarwal, Sharvaree Deshpandehttps://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJMS/article/view/71749Comparative evaluation of sealing ability of two self-adhesive flowable composites following various restorative techniques in Class V lesions: An in vitro study2024-03-03T14:15:26+00:00Raman Mishrapriyankasarangi@yahoo.co.inPriyanka Sarangipriyankasarangi@yahoo.co.inRashmi Rekha Mallickpriyankasarangi@yahoo.co.inMansi Punjabipriyankasarangi@yahoo.co.inSukanta Kumar Satapathypriyankasarangi@yahoo.co.inKotni Sheetalpriyankasarangi@yahoo.co.in<p><strong>Background:</strong> Class V lesions present a clinical challenge due to their location at the cervical region of teeth, where factors such as microleakage and polymerization shrinkage can compromise the longevity of restorations. Self-adhesive flowable composites offer the advantage of simplified application, but their sealing ability may vary based on different restorative techniques. This in vitro study aimed to compare the sealing ability of two self-adhesive flowable composites, Clearfil S3 Universal and G-Premio Bond, when applied using various restorative techniques in Class V lesions.</p> <p><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Eighty extracted human premolars were selected and randomly divided into two groups, with each group treated with one of the two self-adhesive flowable composites. Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of the teeth. Four restorative techniques were employed: Group A - Direct application of the composite; Group B - Application of the composite with a bonding agent (Clearfil SE Bond); Group C - Application of the composite with selective enamel etching; Group D - Application of the composite with a dentin adhesive (G-Premio Bond) and selective enamel etching. After restoration, the teeth were subjected to thermocycling, immersed in methylene blue dye, sectioned, and evaluated for dye penetration under a stereomicroscope. The extent of dye penetration was quantified and statistically analyzed.Results:The results showed that Group D, where G-Premio Bond was used with selective enamel etching, demonstrated the least dye penetration (mean value X) compared to the other groups (X1, X2, X3). The differences in sealing ability between the groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Clearfil S3 Universal showed better sealing ability when used with a bonding agent (Group B) compared to direct application (Group A).</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> In Class V restorations, the choice of self-adhesive flowable composite and restorative technique significantly affects sealing ability. G-Premio Bond, in combination with selective enamel etching, provided superior sealing compared to other techniques. Clearfil S3 Universal performed better when used with a bonding agent. These findings highlight the importance of selecting the appropriate material and technique for Class V restorations to minimize microleakage and improve clinical outcomes.</p> <p>Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.23 (Special Issue) 2024 p.S92-S96</p>2024-03-11T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Raman Mishra, Priyanka Sarangi, Rashmi Rekha Mallick, Mansi Punjabi, Sukanta Kumar Satapathy, Kotni Sheetalhttps://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJMS/article/view/71750Efficacy and safety evaluation of alcohol-containing and alcohol-free mouth rinses: A clinical study2024-03-03T14:15:27+00:00Suchareeta Pandaalkanandasahoo@soa.ac.inBharti Guptaalkanandasahoo@soa.ac.inAlkananda Sahooalkanandasahoo@soa.ac.inSamidha Vivek Jambhekaralkanandasahoo@soa.ac.inShruthi H Attavaralkanandasahoo@soa.ac.inVineet Vaman Kinialkanandasahoo@soa.ac.in<p><strong>Background:</strong> This clinical study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of alcohol-containing and alcohol-free mouth rinses in a controlled setting. With oral hygiene being a crucial aspect of overall health, it is essential to determine which type of mouth rinse is more effective and safer for daily use.</p> <p><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study was conducted with 150 adult participants. They were divided into two groups: one using an alcohol-containing mouth rinse, and the other using an alcohol-free alternative. Participants followed a standardized oral hygiene regimen for four weeks, using their respective mouth rinses twice daily. Key parameters such as plaque reduction, gingival health, and adverse effects were assessed at baseline and after the study period.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> The results indicated a significant reduction in plaque accumulation in both groups, with the alcohol-containing mouth rinse group showing a mean reduction of 25.4% and the alcohol-free group showing a mean reduction of 23.1%. In terms of gingival health, both groups demonstrated improvement, with the alcohol-containing mouth rinse group showing a mean reduction of gingival inflammation by 19.2%, while the alcohol-free group exhibited a reduction of 18.5%. Importantly, the alcohol-free mouth rinse group reported fewer cases of adverse effects such as dry mouth and irritation compared to the alcohol-containing group.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> This clinical study suggests that both alcohol-containing and alcohol-free mouth rinses are effective in reducing plaque accumulation and improving gingival health when used as part of a daily oral hygiene routine. However, the alcohol-free mouth rinse demonstrated a lower incidence of adverse effects, making it a potentially safer choice for individuals with sensitivity or a history of irritation. Further long-term studies are needed to confirm these findings.</p> <p>Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.23 (Special Issue) 2024 p.S97-S100</p>2024-03-11T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Suchareeta Panda, Bharti Gupta, Alkananda Sahoo, Samidha Vivek Jambhekar, Shruthi H Attavar, Vineet Vaman Kinihttps://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJMS/article/view/71751Sonographic assessment of hemi-diaphragmatic palsy post brachial plexus blocks2024-03-03T14:40:46+00:00Deepa Anne Thomasdrjoysteff@gmail.comAvanish Bhandarydrjoysteff@gmail.comJoylin Dsouzadrjoysteff@gmail.com<p><strong>Background and Aim:</strong> Brachial plexus blocks (BPB) are indispensable in providing surgical anaesthesia and postoperative analgesia. Although Hemi-diaphragmatic palsy (HDP) after BPB is clinically insignificant in the majority, it can cause significant physiological impairment in patients with reduced pulmonary function. Sonographic assessment of diaphragmatic function using the ABCDE approach provides accurate and quantitative information on HDP. This can be performed bedside before and after administration of the nerve block to quantify HDP. This was a prospective observational study comparing ultrasound-guided diaphragmatic thickness in two approaches of ultrasound-guided BPB.</p> <p><strong>Methodology:</strong> Eighty participants receiving eitherinterscalene/supraclavicular BPB were included in this observational study. Baseline vitals, NRS score for pain and ultrasound-guided diaphragm thickness at inspiration and expiration using the ABCDE approach were noted. After 20 minutes of BPB administration, the diaphragm thickness was remeasured.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Eighty participants completed the study, forty from either group. Average volume of the total local anaesthetic drug mixture used was noted to be 30ml. The diaphragmatic thickness ratio in the supraclavicular group was found to decrease by 2.34% as compared to 2.39% in the interscalene group. (p-value 0.256 baseline values,0.292 for post block values) The thickness fraction was found to decrease by 9.21% in Group A as compared to 9.04% in Group B (P value 0.248 baseline values and 0.292 post-block values). There was no statistically significant difference between the diaphragm thickness in both the group'spre- and post-block, irrespective of the approach used.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The ABCDE approach to measure diaphragm thickness can be used as a simple bedside modality to quantify the amount of HDP occurring after ultrasound-guided BPB. It is easy to learn & a non-invasive modality which can be used to improve patient safety during BPB</p> <p>Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.23 (Special Issue) 2024 p.S101-S106</p>2024-03-11T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Deepa Anne Thomas, Avanish Bhandary, Joylin Dsouzahttps://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJMS/article/view/71752Impact of Prophylactic Fluoride Agents On the Surface Roughness of Newer orthodontic arch wires2024-03-03T14:40:47+00:00Suchareeta Pandadranandu01@gmail.comAnandu Mdranandu01@gmail.comGoutham Ndranandu01@gmail.comPavithra Bai Mdranandu01@gmail.comSaibalini Panidranandu01@gmail.comSakesth Rama Raodranandu01@gmail.com<p>Fluorides serve an important part in orthodontic therapy as a prophylactic strategy. However, the harmful effects of fluoride are typically disregarded due to its widespread use as an anti-cariogenic agent in a variety of dental materials. The effects of these fluoride agents on conventional arch wires have been studied extensively but not on newer wires such as coated wires or braided wires. Hence this study was undertaken to assess the effects of prophylactic fluoride agents on the surface properties of non-coated Nickel-Titanium orthodontic wires and compare it with coated esthetic Ni-Ti wires and braided Ni-Ti wire.</p> <p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this study, we compared three packages of 270 orthodontic arch wires made of nickel titanium. For the control, the third set of 30 wires was stored in plastic vials containing 5ml of artificial saliva for two months. Subgroup a did not make use of any fluoride treatments. Samples from subgroup b were treated with Phos-flur gel for one minute every day for 2 months, while those from subgroup c were treated with Prevident 5000. An optic profilometer was used to measure the wires roughness.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> The investigation found that both the acidulated fluoride agent (Phos-flur gel) and neutral fluoride agent (Prevident 5000) had an effect on the surface attributes of all three sets of wires. Coated esthetic Ni-Ti wires showed highest surface roughness followed by braided Ni-Ti wire.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The findings of the research showed that using fluoride preventive treatments (such as mouthwash or gels) during orthodontic treatment decreases the arch wires characteristics.</p> <p>Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.23 (Special Issue) 2024 p.S107-S114</p>2024-03-11T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Suchareeta Panda, Anandu M, Goutham N, Pavithra Bai M, Saibalini Pani, Sakesth Rama Raohttps://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJMS/article/view/71754Prevalence and Predictors of YouTube Use among Undergraduate Medical Students: A Cross Sectional Study from a Medical School of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia2024-03-03T14:40:51+00:00Faris Suleiman Saleh AldobekhiF.aldobekhi@mu.edu.sa<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The use of YouTube has increased now among medical students to revise the curricular content, to better understand them and also to share ideas. This study was carried out to find out the prevalence and predictors of use of YouTube by medical students.</p> <p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the prevalence and predictors of use of YouTube as an extracurricular way of enhancing learning experience among medical students of Saudi Arabia for a period of 06 months from February 2023 to July 2023. A pre-validated self-administrated questionnaire consisting of the following sections like sociodemographic details, the predictors for the use of YouTube videos which consisted of frequency of use, grading of its usefulness etc. was used for data collection. Templates were generated in MS Excel sheet and analysis of data was done using SPSS software version 22. Quantitative variables were presented as frequency and percentages while chi square test of significance was used to demonstrate the associated between categorical variables. The value of significance was set as p less than 0.05.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of use YouTube was 94.1% among medical students in a medical school of Saudi Arabia, out of which 73.8% use it for both educational and entertainment purpose and about 71% of them find it very useful for educational purpose. About 43.7% of students use directed search strategy and most opined that it helped in better understanding. Most students use YouTube for upto one hour. Male students of age group 20 – 22 years were more involved in using YouTube videos as compared to female students or of other age groups and this association was statistically significant.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>YouTube use is highly prevalent among medical students to better understand the subject matter and to revise them. Male students use them more often as compared to female students.</p> <p>Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.23 (Special Issue) 2024 p.S122-S126</p>2024-03-11T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Faris Suleiman Saleh Aldobekhihttps://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJMS/article/view/71735Correction of Anterior Cross Bite in Mixed Dentition period using Quadhelix and Catalans appliance - A Case Report2024-03-03T12:01:15+00:00Mohammed Ali Habibullahm.habibullah@qu.edu.saDimpal Parmarm.habibullah@qu.edu.sa<p>The case report addresses the challenge of correcting anterior cross bite in mixed dentition period. It emphasizes the complexity of treating skeletal Class III malocclusion, especially in young patients, and highlights the importance of choosing appropriate orthodontic appliances for effective treatment. The subject of the case report is a 9-year-old girl, MK, who presented with a prognathic profile, upper and lower incisor proclination, and bimaxillary protrusion. The treatment plan was multifaceted, incorporating oral prophylaxis, fluoride application, indirect pulp capping, and strategic extractions. Key appliances used were the Quadhelix and Catalans appliances, supplemented by a lower inclined plane, removable Jack Screw appliance with a posterior bite plane, and a Nance Palatal Arch space maintainer. The report meticulously documents the treatment progression with detailed photographs and radiographs, capturing changes at 10 days, 24 days, and 3.5 months intervals. The case report concludes that the use of Quadhelix and Catalans appliances, in conjunction with a comprehensive treatment plan, effectively corrected the anterior crossbite in this patient. The treatment led to significant dental and skeletal improvements, as evidenced by the post-treatment cephalometric analysis. This case underscores the effectiveness of these appliances in pediatric orthodontic cases with similar presentations.</p> <p>Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.23 (Special Issue) 2024 p.S43-S47</p>2024-03-11T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Mohammed Ali Habibullah, Dimpal Parmarhttps://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJMS/article/view/71732Application and fallibility of Artificial Intelligence and machine learning in Diagnostic Pathology2024-03-03T08:52:29+00:00Pallavi Mishraabikshyeet.panda@kids.ac.inAbikshyeet Pandaabikshyeet.panda@kids.ac.inMonalisha Mahapatraabikshyeet.panda@kids.ac.inPrachurya Dakshinakabatabikshyeet.panda@kids.ac.inAishwariya Mohantyabikshyeet.panda@kids.ac.inLipsa Bhuyanabikshyeet.panda@kids.ac.in<p>Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the use of technology and computers to replicate behavioral intelligence and analytical reasoning that is equivalent to that of a human being. The medical sciences make substantial use of computer systems with artificial intelligence which primarily include remote patient treatment, prescription recording, increasing doctor-patient interaction, medication discovery and patient diagnosis. Its application in health care industry is mainly because of increased job demands, difficult tasks, and probable doctor weariness all have the potential to impair diagnostic performance. In this review we have enlightened the various roles of AI such as automated diagnosis, predictive analysis, image analysis, precision medicine and the biomarker development. The use of AI tools in pathology has grown significantly in recent years, and it is predicted that they will revolutionize the field in the years to come. AI tools can change how pathology functions while rendering it more efficient at meeting the demands of the modern era of precision medicine.</p> <p>Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.23 (Special Issue) 2024 p.S32-S37</p>2024-03-11T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Pallavi Mishra, Abikshyeet Panda, Monalisha Mahapatra, Prachurya Dakshinakabat, Aishwariya Mohanty, Lipsa Bhuyanhttps://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJMS/article/view/71733CAD - CAM in Pediatric Dentistry: A brief insight2024-03-03T09:48:14+00:00Lipsa Bhuyanauthorinquiry@inasp.infoKanika Singh Dhullauthorinquiry@inasp.infoSushmita Pattnaikauthorinquiry@inasp.infoIndira Mysore Devrajauthorinquiry@inasp.infoRoquaiya Nishatauthorinquiry@inasp.infoAbikshyeet Pandaauthorinquiry@inasp.info<p>On introduction of computer aided technology/computer aided manufacturing in pediatric dentistry, treating children has become effortless, mainly children with special health-care needs. This technology aims at the fabrication of restorations with higher strength and better aesthetics by an effortless, quicker and more precise operational process. This technology has proved to be a boon in various fields in pediatric dentistry. The latest trend of minimally invasive dentistry, relies on selective caries removal and restoring it with material which is highly adhesive and aesthetic. CAD-CAM makes use of an optical impression of the required area and occlusion which is taken using hassle-free intra-oral scanners. Machinable high strength composite/ceramic blocks are used which can be polymerized under pressure and temperature. The CAD-CAM technology has its advantage of needing less chair side time, brisk production of restorations with increased precision, eliminating the need for classic methods of impression, high strength and aesthetic restorations and prostheses. CAD-CAM technology can be used for smile designing in patients with developmental defects like Amylogenesis Imperfect, Molar-Incisor Hypo mineralization, etc., prosthetic rehabilitation in patients’ requiring stainless steel crowns and zirconia crowns, restorative procedures like inlays and onlays, naso-alveolar molding etc. Thus, it opens up a sea of possibilities for providing a high quality of treatment for the child with minimal hassle and maximal benefits to the child.</p> <p>Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.23 (Special Issue) 2024 p.S38-S42</p>2024-03-11T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Lipsa Bhuyan, Kanika Singh Dhull, Sushmita Pattnaik, Indira Mysore Devraj, Roquaiya Nishat, Abikshyeet Pandahttps://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJMS/article/view/71741Oral health v/s general health in the elderly – an interconnected nexus- a literature review2024-03-03T12:35:07+00:00Abdul Saheerzaheer5475@gmail.comBenley Georgezaheer5475@gmail.comShanila Abdul Majidzaheer5475@gmail.comMegha J Nairzaheer5475@gmail.comAnjana Mohan Kumarzaheer5475@gmail.comPrafeena Phalgunanzaheer5475@gmail.com<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Oral health and overall health have long been recognized as interconnected facets of human well-being, influencing each other in profound ways. This review highlights the essential relationship between oral health and overall health, shedding light on the bidirectional impact they exert on an individual's quality of life among the elderly group. Conversely, overall health significantly influences oral health. Chronic illnesses and immunosuppression can weaken the body's defence mechanisms against oral infections, leading to increased susceptibility to dental caries and gum diseases. Additionally, certain medications may cause dry mouth, further promoting oral health issues. Efforts to improve oral health not only enhance dental well-being but also contribute to better overall health outcomes. Regular dental check-ups, proper oral hygiene practices, and a healthy diet can positively impact systemic health, reducing the risk of certain medical conditions.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Oral health and overall health are intricately connected, forming a dynamic interplay between the mouth and the body. Recognizing this intricate relationship is crucial for healthcare professionals and individuals alike to implement holistic approaches to maintain optimal well-being and improve health outcomes across various domains.</p> <p>Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.23 (Special Issue) 2024 p.S60-S65</p>2024-03-11T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Abdul Saheer, Benley George, Shanila Abdul Majid, Megha J Nair, Anjana Mohan Kumar, Prafeena Phalgunanhttps://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJMS/article/view/71740Interferon Lambda: An Anonymous Warrior of Host-Microbial Fray in The Pathogenesis of Periodontal Diseases2024-03-03T12:19:53+00:00Muzammil Moin Ahmedmu.ahmed@qu.edu.sa<p>The current body of research focuses primarily on three fundamental groups of interferons: alpha, beta, and gamma interferons. However, little attention is paid to another important group of interferons called lambda interferons (IFN-λs), which have demonstrated activity against periodontal pathogens, particularly viruses. These recently discovered interferon-lambdas provide a striking contrast to the periodontal pathogens, exerting impact both at the capacity of the immune system and the cell, thereby affecting a variety of inflammatory and response pathways. Thus, this review sheds light on role of interferon lambda in the development of periodontal disease and associated activities. In order to collect the information necessary for this review, an exhaustive search of the relevant literature was conducted. The review focused on the structure, regulatory mechanisms, and role of interferon lambda in medical and periodontal infections and diseases. The findings of our review indicated that IFN-λs have an effect on the immunological regulatory mechanisms of the host in relation to viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites; nevertheless, their primary role is antiviral, and they have little to no effect on the immune system's ability to fight bacteria.</p> <p>Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.23 (Special Issue) 2024 p.S73-S78</p>2024-03-11T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Muzammil Moin Ahmedhttps://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJMS/article/view/71753Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy: A Review2024-03-03T14:40:49+00:00Amro Alhazimiayalhazimi@imamu.edu.sa<p>Paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) is identified by the occurrence of an inner nuclear layer (INL) hyperreflective band on optical coherence tomography (OCT), which was subsequently accompanied by INL atrophy. A multitude of systemic diseases and vasculopathy risk factors have been linked to PAMM. PAMM, which has been associated with infection with Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID 19), may indicate post-infectious complications. By influencing vascular endothelial cells, COVID-19 infection can induce an inflammatory and procoagulatory state, resulting in vascular thromboembolic complications, although the precise mechanisms underlying these complications remain unknown. Thus, the present review explores and discusses about paracentral acute middle maculopathy, its diagnosis and treatment and adds a note on its implications after the outbreak of COVID 19.</p> <p>Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.23 (Special Issue) 2024 p.S115-S121</p>2024-03-11T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Amro Alhazimihttps://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJMS/article/view/71728Unveiling the Critical Link: Periodontal Disease and Overall Health2024-03-03T08:52:23+00:00Hiroj Bagdeauthorinquiry@inasp.infoAshwini Dhopteauthorinquiry@inasp.info<p><strong>Background:</strong> Periodontal disease, a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the gums and surrounding tissues, has long been recognized as a threat to oral health. However, emerging research increasingly reveals its profound implications for overall health. This editorial delves into the intricate connection between periodontal disease and systemic health, shedding light on the far-reaching consequences of untreated gum disease.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The evidence presented underscores the urgency of addressing periodontal disease not only as an oral health concern but also as a critical component of comprehensive healthcare. By recognizing and addressing the link between periodontal disease and systemic health, healthcare professionals can better prevent and manage a myriad of conditions, ultimately improving patient outcomes and quality of life.</p> <p>Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.23 (Special Issue) 2024 p.S7-S8</p>2024-03-11T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Hiroj Bagde, Ashwini Dhopte